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基本介紹

黑龍宮，位于昆(kun)明市北郊(jiao)龍泉山(shan)五老峰腳下的(de)黑龍潭公園內。

公園(yuan)內有龍泉山(shan)，山(shan)腳下有兩潭池(chi)水，一(yi)(yi)清一(yi)(yi)濁，相互(hu)連通但濁不(bu)變(bian)(bian)清、清不(bu)變(bian)(bian)濁，為(wei)一(yi)(yi)奇觀(guan)。

黑(hei)龍宮，俗稱為(wei)下觀（上觀為(wei)龍泉觀，在黑(hei)龍宮上方(fang)），始建于(yu)明洪武27年（1394），明景泰4年（1454）世(shi)襲黔國公沐(mu)氏，重修(xiu)黑(hei)龍宮。

黑龍宮三進(jin)四(si)院，綠樹森森，古樸幽雅。正(zheng)(zheng)殿供(gong)龍王，配(pei)殿供(gong)水族等塑像。“文革”中，塑像全毀。龍宮正(zheng)(zheng)殿墻(qiang)上鑲有(you)清康熙年(nian)間(jian)云貴總督范承勛游(you)黑龍潭題詠碑記。2000年(nian)11月3日黑龍潭清水池(chi)有(you)大(da)量金線魚游(you)出，昆(kun)明新(xin)聞媒體(ti)作了報道，引起社會(hui)廣泛關(guan)注(zhu)。

黑龍(long)宮有兩幅對聯(lian)(lian)：古柏奇花芬芳滿院迷(mi)蝴(hu)蝶，寒潭高(gao)冢節烈千秋(qiu)啼杜鵑。另外一(yi)幅：扶一(yi)代(dai)綱常，秀才真(zhen)以(yi)天(tian)下任；奉千秋(qiu)俎豆(dou)，伊人宛在水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)。此聯(lian)(lian)懸于黑龍(long)宮中(zhong)(zhong)。為清末云南經濟特科狀元袁嘉谷紀念薛爾望(wang)所(suo)撰寫，后人所(suo)書(shu)。

2016年(nian)第三屆龍(long)王盛會(hui)拉(la)開帷幕，云南省道教(jiao)協會(hui)、昆明市黑龍(long)潭(tan)公(gong)(gong)園和(he)(he)龍(long)泉觀共同組織(zhi)祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)祭祀儀式(shi)。活動包括：放生(sheng)祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)，游客(ke)可以(yi)在龍(long)潭(tan)邊購買錦鯉和(he)(he)觀音鳥為(wei)家人和(he)(he)朋友放生(sheng)祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)；懸掛(gua)祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)牌，游客(ke)可購買祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)牌寫(xie)上(shang)祝福(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)心愿，掛(gua)于祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)架上(shang)；灑凈祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)，公(gong)(gong)園準備了柏(bo)枝、凈水，游客(ke)可向黑龍(long)灑凈，祈(qi)求福(fu)(fu)泰安康(kang)；還有(you)每年(nian)農歷(li)二月(yue)初(chu)二的民(min)俗(su)“剃(ti)龍(long)頭(tou)”活動，公(gong)(gong)園特(te)邀4名剃(ti)頭(tou)師傅在龍(long)泉廣場上(shang)為(wei)廣大民(min)眾(zhong)提供免費“剃(ti)龍(long)頭(tou)”服(fu)務。

黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說：很(hen)久以前，昆明(ming)經常鬧旱(han)災(zai)，有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)連(lian)著(zhu)幾個(ge)月都(dou)沒(mei)有(you)下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)叫(jiao)做小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伙(huo)子，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)之(zhi)下(xia)就(jiu)(jiu)做了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首打油詩罵(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)：“挨刀死龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)，遍地鬧災(zai)荒，老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)子遇(yu)到(dao)你(ni)(ni)，把你(ni)(ni)鱗(lin)拔光(guang)！”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)向鄉親們(men)(men)告了(le)(le)(le)(le)別就(jiu)(jiu)去(qu)找(zhao)水。世(shi)(shi)上沒(mei)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)透風的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墻，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)罵(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)，被(bei)五老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)山(shan)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)臉老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)聽見了(le)(le)(le)(le)，他(ta)非常生(sheng)氣(qi)，老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)決定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)懲治小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)變(bian)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)白發(fa)蒼蒼滿臉麻(ma)(ma)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)頭，坐在(zai)(zai)山(shan)口上等(deng)著(zhu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)見到(dao)麻(ma)(ma)臉老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)頭向他(ta)詢問水源(yuan)，并請他(ta)帶路(lu)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)頭領小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)走(zou)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)黑(hei)(hei)森森的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)箐(qing)里，到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)箐(qing)底(di)后(hou)看見一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)泉水，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)剛(gang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)喝水，只聽見“嘩啦啦”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陣響，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)被(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)又粗(cu)又長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵鏈(lian)栓(shuan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)。麻(ma)(ma)臉老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)頭說道(dao)(dao)：“我(wo)(wo)是(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)，你(ni)(ni)敢罵(ma)我(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)把你(ni)(ni)扔進(jin)這深潭(tan)(tan)(tan)淹死！”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聽，火(huo)冒三(san)丈咬著(zhu)牙說道(dao)(dao)：“我(wo)(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)罵(ma)你(ni)(ni)這個(ge)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)死的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)！”麻(ma)(ma)臉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)說道(dao)(dao)：“你(ni)(ni)我(wo)(wo)前世(shi)(shi)無怨，今世(shi)(shi)無仇，你(ni)(ni)為什(shen)么(me)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)罵(ma)我(wo)(wo)？”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)說：“你(ni)(ni)天(tian)(tian)干(gan)半年不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)，坑死一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)百姓，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)罵(ma)你(ni)(ni)罵(ma)誰？”龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)道(dao)(dao)：“天(tian)(tian)干(gan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)，雨(yu)(yu)多要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)收(shou)雨(yu)(yu)，這些事(shi)(shi)，累死人。我(wo)(wo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)頭，實在(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)管不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)很(hen)生(sheng)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)：“你(ni)(ni)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)管，我(wo)(wo)來(lai)管。”“你(ni)(ni)管可以，但要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)答應我(wo)(wo)兩件(jian)事(shi)(shi)。”“什(shen)么(me)事(shi)(shi)？”“行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)收(shou)雨(yu)(yu)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)，你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)，先(xian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)變(bian)成龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，這是(shi)(shi)頭一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)。第二件(jian)，成龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)后(hou)你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)被(bei)鎖(suo)在(zai)(zai)這個(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)中，隔(ge)六(liu)個(ge)月才(cai)準下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)道(dao)(dao)：“我(wo)(wo)都(dou)答應你(ni)(ni)，只不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過等(deng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)六(liu)個(ge)月了(le)(le)(le)(le)，我(wo)(wo)今天(tian)(tian)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)。”“但今天(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日子，你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)去(qu)也行(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)照天(tian)(tian)條(tiao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)，你(ni)(ni)身(shen)(shen)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)子就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千斤，你(ni)(ni)干(gan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)干(gan)？”“干(gan)！”麻(ma)(ma)臉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)點點頭，用手一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)指，把小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)身(shen)(shen)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)子解開(kai)，叫(jiao)他(ta)喝了(le)(le)(le)(le)三(san)大口龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)水。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)子變(bian)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)大黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，沖(chong)到(dao)空中行(xing)(xing)(xing)起(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)雨(yu)(yu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)三(san)天(tian)(tian)三(san)夜，鄉親們(men)(men)得救了(le)(le)(le)(le)，莊稼也活過來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)完雨(yu)(yu)，就(jiu)(jiu)被(bei)鎖(suo)到(dao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)底(di)下(xia)。每逢遇(yu)到(dao)旱(han)災(zai)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧(gu)天(tian)(tian)條(tiao)規(gui)定，擅(shan)自行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)，鐵鏈(lian)就(jiu)(jiu)加一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千斤，而每回為掙(zheng)斷(duan)鐵鏈(lian)，他(ta)都(dou)在(zai)(zai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)里掙(zheng)扎(zha)，因為是(shi)(shi)條(tiao)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，冒出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汗也就(jiu)(jiu)才(cai)黑(hei)(hei)色，把龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)都(dou)染(ran)黑(hei)(hei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。這個(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)就(jiu)(jiu)被(bei)人們(men)(men)叫(jiao)做黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)，為了(le)(le)(le)(le)紀念小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，還修了(le)(le)(le)(le)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)宮和龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)泉觀。

昆明黑龍宮和龍泉(quan)觀也是(shi)道(dao)教圣地，每(mei)(mei)年三(san)月初三(san)也要舉行廟會，祭祀龍王，祈求風(feng)調雨順、五(wu)谷(gu)豐登，并有各種(zhong)娛樂、購物、賞花、美食、踏青等活動，趕會者每(mei)(mei)近萬人。

另外，黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)宮旁邊還(huan)(huan)有(you)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)爾望墓(mu)。清(qing)順治15年，吳(wu)三桂率兵(bing)(bing)窮追明永歷帝朱由榔，兵(bing)(bing)逼昆明，永歷帝棄城逃往緬(mian)(mian)甸。薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)爾望嘆息道(dao)(dao)：連君王都不能背城一(yi)(yi)戰，為(wei)社稷而死，卻逃到緬(mian)(mian)甸去茍且(qie)偷生(sheng)，真是(shi)太(tai)丟(diu)人(ren)(ren)了。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)，他就帶著妻子楊氏(shi)，兒(er)子之(zhi)翰(han)，兒(er)媳孟(meng)氏(shi)，女兒(er)夢云、靜云，婢蘭馨來(lai)到昆明北郊黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)宮，置酒席于(yu)(yu)亭(ting)上(shang)(shang)宴飲。薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)爾望慷慨(kai)賦詩（其(qi)詩失傳），又在壁上(shang)(shang)題(ti)字(zi)：愿為(wei)殉節(jie)(jie)之(zhi)鬼，不愿為(wei)茍全之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。隨后，全家(jia)人(ren)(ren)包(bao)括所養的貓狗一(yi)(yi)起跳入黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)殉節(jie)(jie)。傳說，數日后尸體(ti)浮(fu)出(chu)水(shui)面，人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)面色如(ru)生(sheng)。龍(long)(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)的道(dao)(dao)士十分(fen)驚異(yi)，就把他們打撈出(chu)來(lai)合葬于(yu)(yu)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)畔。墓(mu)冢至今尚存(cun)(cun)，并已被修(xiu)容一(yi)(yi)新，列為(wei)昆明市文(wen)物保護(hu)單位(wei)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)爾望的忠(zhong)義(yi)之(zhi)舉(ju)，就連滅亡明朝(chao)(chao)的清(qing)朝(chao)(chao)統治者也十分(fen)敬(jing)重。清(qing)康熙59年，昆明知縣朱若功上(shang)(shang)表朝(chao)(chao)廷，請求祭(ji)祀(si)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)爾望，獲準。清(qing)道(dao)(dao)光26年，賜(si)進士出(chu)身(shen)的翰(han)林院編(bian)修(xiu)、欽命(ming)提督(du)云南全省學(xue)政吳(wu)存(cun)(cun)義(yi)撰(zhuan)寫了“明忠(zhong)義(yi)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)爾望先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)墓(mu)表”，對(dui)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)爾望給于(yu)(yu)了極(ji)高的評(ping)價。后來(lai)歷代的清(qing)朝(chao)(chao)官員都不斷有(you)人(ren)(ren)題(ti)詩作對(dui)，歌頌(song)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)爾望的忠(zhong)義(yi)之(zhi)舉(ju)。如(ru)康熙年間云南按察(cha)使許宏勛題(ti)聯“寒(han)潭(tan)(tan)千(qian)(qian)載雪，玉骨一(yi)(yi)堆香(xiang)”；清(qing)末狀元袁(yuan)澍(shu)圃題(ti)聯“扶一(yi)(yi)代綱常(chang)秀(xiu)才真以天下任，奉千(qian)(qian)秋(qiu)俎(zu)豆(dou)伊(yi)人(ren)(ren)宛在水(shui)中央”；還(huan)(huan)有(you)“古柏奇(qi)花(hua)芬芳滿院迷蝴蝶，寒(han)潭(tan)(tan)高冢節(jie)(jie)烈千(qian)(qian)秋(qiu)啼杜(du)鵑”等等。薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)爾望后人(ren)(ren)詩人(ren)(ren)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)剛《祭(ji)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)爾望先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)文(wen)》道(dao)(dao)：“名山風脈，賴人(ren)(ren)文(wen)之(zhi)鎖翠；龍(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)波蕩，漾久(jiu)恒之(zhi)精神(shen)(shen)。拜(bai)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)墓(mu)穴，看高閣之(zhi)起云，望定(ding)風之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)塔(ta)，感正氣之(zhi)長存(cun)(cun)。”表達了深切的敬(jing)意和哀思。