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基本介紹

黑龍宮，位于昆(kun)明(ming)市北郊龍泉(quan)山五老峰(feng)腳下的黑龍潭公(gong)園內。

公園內有龍泉山，山腳下有兩潭池水，一(yi)清一(yi)濁，相互連通(tong)但濁不變(bian)清、清不變(bian)濁，為一(yi)奇觀。

黑(hei)龍宮，俗稱(cheng)為(wei)下(xia)觀(guan)（上(shang)觀(guan)為(wei)龍泉觀(guan)，在黑(hei)龍宮上(shang)方），始建于明(ming)洪武27年（1394），明(ming)景泰4年（1454）世(shi)襲(xi)黔國公沐氏，重修(xiu)黑(hei)龍宮。

黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)宮三(san)進四院(yuan)，綠樹(shu)森森，古樸(pu)幽雅。正殿(dian)供(gong)龍(long)(long)王，配(pei)殿(dian)供(gong)水族等塑(su)像。“文革”中，塑(su)像全毀。龍(long)(long)宮正殿(dian)墻上(shang)鑲有清康熙(xi)年間云貴總(zong)督范(fan)承勛游黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)題詠碑記(ji)。2000年11月3日黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)清水池(chi)有大量金(jin)線魚游出，昆(kun)明(ming)新(xin)聞媒體(ti)作了報(bao)道，引起社會(hui)廣泛關注。

黑龍(long)宮有兩幅對聯：古柏奇(qi)花芬芳滿院迷蝴蝶，寒潭高冢節烈千秋啼杜鵑。另(ling)外一幅：扶(fu)一代綱常，秀(xiu)才真以天(tian)下任；奉千秋俎豆，伊人宛(wan)在水(shui)中央。此聯懸于黑龍(long)宮中。為(wei)清末云南經濟特科(ke)狀元袁嘉(jia)谷紀念(nian)薛爾(er)望所(suo)撰寫，后人所(suo)書。

2016年(nian)第三屆(jie)龍(long)(long)(long)王盛會拉開(kai)帷幕，云南省(sheng)道教協(xie)會、昆明市黑龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)公(gong)園(yuan)和(he)龍(long)(long)(long)泉觀(guan)共同組織祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)祭(ji)祀儀(yi)式。活動包(bao)括：放生祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)，游客可以在龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)邊購買錦鯉和(he)觀(guan)音鳥(niao)為家人和(he)朋友(you)放生祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)；懸掛(gua)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)牌(pai)，游客可購買祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)牌(pai)寫上(shang)祝福(fu)(fu)(fu)和(he)心愿，掛(gua)于祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)架上(shang)；灑(sa)凈(jing)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)，公(gong)園(yuan)準備了(le)柏枝(zhi)、凈(jing)水，游客可向黑龍(long)(long)(long)灑(sa)凈(jing)，祈(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)求福(fu)(fu)(fu)泰安(an)康；還有每年(nian)農歷二月初二的(de)民俗“剃龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)”活動，公(gong)園(yuan)特邀4名剃頭(tou)師傅在龍(long)(long)(long)泉廣(guang)場(chang)上(shang)為廣(guang)大民眾提供免費“剃龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)”服務。

黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)：很久以(yi)前(qian)，昆(kun)明(ming)經常鬧旱災(zai)，有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)連著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)幾個(ge)(ge)月(yue)都(dou)沒(mei)有(you)下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)叫做(zuo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伙子(zi)(zi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)氣之(zhi)下(xia)就(jiu)(jiu)做(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)首打油詩(shi)罵龍(long)(long)(long)王：“挨(ai)刀死龍(long)(long)(long)王，遍地鬧災(zai)荒，老子(zi)(zi)遇到(dao)你(ni)(ni)，把你(ni)(ni)鱗拔光！”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)向鄉親們告了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)別就(jiu)(jiu)去找水(shui)。世(shi)上(shang)沒(mei)有(you)不(bu)透風的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)罵龍(long)(long)(long)王的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，被(bei)五老山(shan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)臉(lian)老龍(long)(long)(long)王聽(ting)見了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，他(ta)(ta)非常生氣，老龍(long)(long)(long)王決定要(yao)(yao)(yao)懲治小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)白發蒼蒼滿臉(lian)麻(ma)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老頭(tou)，坐(zuo)在(zai)山(shan)口上(shang)等著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)見到(dao)麻(ma)臉(lian)老頭(tou)向他(ta)(ta)詢問(wen)水(shui)源，并請他(ta)(ta)帶(dai)路。老頭(tou)領小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)走進一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)黑(hei)森森的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)箐里，到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)箐底(di)后看見一(yi)(yi)(yi)潭(tan)(tan)泉水(shui)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)剛(gang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)喝(he)水(shui)，只(zhi)聽(ting)見“嘩啦(la)啦(la)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)陣響，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)被(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條又粗又長的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵鏈(lian)栓(shuan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)起來(lai)。麻(ma)臉(lian)老頭(tou)說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)是(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)王，你(ni)(ni)敢罵我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)把你(ni)(ni)扔進這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)深潭(tan)(tan)淹(yan)死！”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽(ting)，火冒(mao)三丈(zhang)咬(yao)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)牙說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)罵你(ni)(ni)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)老不(bu)死的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)王！”麻(ma)臉(lian)龍(long)(long)(long)王說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)：“你(ni)(ni)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)前(qian)世(shi)無怨(yuan)，今(jin)(jin)世(shi)無仇，你(ni)(ni)為(wei)什么要(yao)(yao)(yao)罵我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)？”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)說(shuo)：“你(ni)(ni)天干半年不(bu)下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，坑死一(yi)(yi)(yi)方老百姓，不(bu)罵你(ni)(ni)罵誰(shui)？”龍(long)(long)(long)王道(dao)(dao)：“天干要(yao)(yao)(yao)下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)多要(yao)(yao)(yao)收雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些事(shi)，累死人。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)老頭(tou)，實在(zai)是(shi)(shi)管不(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)很生氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)：“你(ni)(ni)不(bu)管，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)來(lai)管。”“你(ni)(ni)管可以(yi)，但要(yao)(yao)(yao)答(da)應我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)兩件事(shi)。”“什么事(shi)？”“行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)收雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，先要(yao)(yao)(yao)變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)頭(tou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件。第二件，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)后你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)被(bei)鎖在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)，隔(ge)六個(ge)(ge)月(yue)才準(zhun)下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)道(dao)(dao)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)都(dou)答(da)應你(ni)(ni)，只(zhi)不(bu)過等不(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)六個(ge)(ge)月(yue)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)今(jin)(jin)天就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。”“但今(jin)(jin)天不(bu)是(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日子(zi)(zi)，你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)去也行(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)照天條行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)，你(ni)(ni)身上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)子(zi)(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)加一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)斤，你(ni)(ni)干不(bu)干？”“干！”麻(ma)臉(lian)龍(long)(long)(long)王點點頭(tou)，用手(shou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)指，把小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)身上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)子(zi)(zi)解開，叫他(ta)(ta)喝(he)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)三大(da)口龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)子(zi)(zi)變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條大(da)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)，沖到(dao)空中(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)起了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)直下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)三天三夜，鄉親們得救了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，莊稼(jia)也活(huo)過來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)完雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，就(jiu)(jiu)被(bei)鎖到(dao)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)底(di)下(xia)。每(mei)逢遇到(dao)旱災(zai)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)顧(gu)天條規定，擅自(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，鐵鏈(lian)就(jiu)(jiu)加一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)斤，而每(mei)回為(wei)掙(zheng)斷鐵鏈(lian)，他(ta)(ta)都(dou)在(zai)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)里掙(zheng)扎，因為(wei)是(shi)(shi)條黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)，冒(mao)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)汗也就(jiu)(jiu)才黑(hei)色，把龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)都(dou)染黑(hei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)就(jiu)(jiu)被(bei)人們叫做(zuo)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)，為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)紀念(nian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，還修(xiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)宮(gong)和龍(long)(long)(long)泉觀(guan)。

昆明黑龍(long)(long)宮和(he)龍(long)(long)泉觀(guan)也是道教圣(sheng)地，每(mei)(mei)年三月初三也要舉行廟會(hui)，祭(ji)祀龍(long)(long)王，祈求風調雨順、五谷豐(feng)登，并有各種娛樂、購(gou)物、賞花、美食、踏青等活(huo)動，趕會(hui)者每(mei)(mei)近萬(wan)人。

另(ling)外，黑龍(long)(long)宮旁(pang)邊(bian)還有(you)薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)望墓。清(qing)(qing)順治15年，吳(wu)三桂率兵(bing)窮追明(ming)永歷(li)帝(di)(di)朱由榔，兵(bing)逼昆(kun)明(ming)，永歷(li)帝(di)(di)棄城逃(tao)往(wang)緬甸。薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)望嘆息道(dao)：連君王都不(bu)能背(bei)城一(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)，為社(she)稷(ji)而(er)死，卻逃(tao)到(dao)緬甸去茍(gou)且(qie)偷生，真是(shi)太丟(diu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)了(le)。于是(shi)，他就(jiu)帶著(zhu)妻(qi)子楊氏(shi)，兒(er)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)翰，兒(er)媳(xi)孟氏(shi)，女兒(er)夢云(yun)(yun)、靜(jing)云(yun)(yun)，婢蘭馨來到(dao)昆(kun)明(ming)北郊黑龍(long)(long)宮，置酒(jiu)席(xi)于亭(ting)上宴飲。薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)望慷慨賦詩（其詩失傳），又(you)在壁上題字：愿(yuan)為殉(xun)節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼，不(bu)愿(yuan)為茍(gou)全(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。隨后(hou)，全(quan)家人(ren)(ren)(ren)包括所養的(de)(de)(de)貓狗一(yi)(yi)起跳(tiao)入黑龍(long)(long)潭(tan)殉(xun)節。傳說，數日后(hou)尸體浮(fu)出水面，人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)面色(se)如(ru)生。龍(long)(long)泉觀的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)士(shi)十(shi)分(fen)驚(jing)異，就(jiu)把他們打撈出來合葬于黑龍(long)(long)潭(tan)畔(pan)。墓冢至(zhi)今尚存，并已被修(xiu)容一(yi)(yi)新，列為昆(kun)明(ming)市文(wen)物保護(hu)單位。對于薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)望的(de)(de)(de)忠(zhong)(zhong)義(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉，就(jiu)連滅(mie)亡明(ming)朝的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)朝統治者(zhe)也十(shi)分(fen)敬(jing)重。清(qing)(qing)康熙59年，昆(kun)明(ming)知縣(xian)朱若功上表朝廷，請(qing)求(qiu)祭(ji)祀薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)望，獲(huo)準。清(qing)(qing)道(dao)光26年，賜(si)進士(shi)出身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)翰林院編修(xiu)、欽命提督云(yun)(yun)南全(quan)省學政吳(wu)存義(yi)(yi)撰(zhuan)寫了(le)“明(ming)忠(zhong)(zhong)義(yi)(yi)薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)望先生墓表”，對薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)望給(gei)于了(le)極(ji)高的(de)(de)(de)評價。后(hou)來歷(li)代的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)朝官員都不(bu)斷有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)題詩作對，歌頌薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)望的(de)(de)(de)忠(zhong)(zhong)義(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉。如(ru)康熙年間云(yun)(yun)南按察使許宏勛題聯“寒潭(tan)千載雪，玉(yu)骨一(yi)(yi)堆香(xiang)”；清(qing)(qing)末狀元袁澍圃(pu)題聯“扶一(yi)(yi)代綱常(chang)秀才真以天下任，奉(feng)千秋俎(zu)豆伊人(ren)(ren)(ren)宛在水中(zhong)央”；還有(you)“古(gu)柏奇花芬芳滿院迷蝴蝶，寒潭(tan)高冢節烈千秋啼杜鵑(juan)”等(deng)等(deng)。薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)望后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)薛(xue)(xue)剛(gang)《祭(ji)薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)(er)(er)(er)望先生文(wen)》道(dao)：“名山(shan)風脈，賴(lai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鎖(suo)翠；龍(long)(long)潭(tan)波蕩(dang)，漾久恒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精神。拜先生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墓穴，看高閣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)起云(yun)(yun)，望定風之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神塔(ta)，感正氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長存。”表達了(le)深切的(de)(de)(de)敬(jing)意(yi)和哀(ai)思。