地理位置
金殿國家森林公園
金(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)國家森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)在昆明市東北郊(jiao)郊(jiao)的(de)鳴鳳(feng)山(shan)(shan),距(ju)市區(qu)(qu)7公(gong)(gong)里(li)。遍山(shan)(shan)松柏,茂林(lin)疊翠,又山(shan)(shan)下(xia)沿天(tian)梯般的(de)石(shi)階(jie)而上,經“第(di)(di)一天(tian)門(men)(men)”,“第(di)(di)二天(tian)門(men)(men)”,“第(di)(di)三天(tian)門(men)(men)”便可以穿越氣(qi)宇軒昂(ang)的(de)“太(tai)和(he)宮”和(he)“欞(ling)星門(men)(men)”,到達(da)一座銅(tong)(tong)鑄造的(de)“真武(wu)(wu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”,俗稱玉階(jie)金(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。金(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初建于(yu)1602年,云南軍門(men)(men)巡撫陳用賓曾仿照武(wu)(wu)當(dang)山(shan)(shan)中峰(feng)太(tai)和(he)宮的(de)樣(yang)式建銅(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),明崇(chong)禎10年原殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)被移往(wang)雞足山(shan)(shan),然后清康熙10年由吳三桂(gui)重(zhong)建這(zhe)座重(zhong)檐歇山(shan)(shan)式的(de)銅(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位于(yu)大理石(shi)平(ping)臺上,重(zhong)200多噸,高6.7公(gong)(gong)尺(chi),寬深各7.8公(gong)(gong)尺(chi),是(shi)中國最大的(de)銅(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)分為雙乳山(shan)(shan)、圓寶(bao)山(shan)(shan)、平(ping)頂山(shan)(shan)、長蟲(chong)山(shan)(shan)、三尖山(shan)(shan)、摩天(tian)嶺和(he)石(shi)關七(qi)個景(jing)區(qu)(qu)及中心(xin)本部。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)緊靠金(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風景(jing)名勝區(qu)(qu)。東南有(you)金(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)相毗鄰(lin),西北有(you)黑龍潭公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)相呼應,南有(you)金(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水庫、七(qi)星山(shan)(shan)莊相點綴(zhui)。
資源情況
森(sen)林(lin)公園內物種(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan)十分豐(feng)富(fu),森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率達90%,常見野(ye)生(sheng)植物共(gong)923種(zhong)(zhong),分屬163科,基本反映著(zhu)滇中地區(qu)的植物區(qu)系成分;現有野(ye)生(sheng)動物和收容拯救的動物68種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中大型獸(shou)類19種(zhong)(zhong)、鳥(niao)類近27種(zhong)(zhong)、爬(pa)行(xing)類12種(zhong)(zhong)、淡水魚(yu)類近10種(zhong)(zhong)。
景區特點
公園(yuan)內(nei)森林植被類型多(duo)樣,形成(cheng)了各具(ju)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)森林景觀(guan),特(te)別是在(zai)圓寶山(shan)景區內(nei)還分布著(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)杜(du)鵑花(hua)(hua),在(zai)平頂山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃龍(long)箐分布著(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)山(shan)茶(cha)花(hua)(hua),每當花(hua)(hua)開(kai)時節,漫(man)山(shan)遍野(ye)(ye),花(hua)(hua)團似錦,簇簇誘人。公園(yuan)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地形地勢也各具(ju)特(te)色,形成(cheng)了“長蛇蜿蜒”、“坡(po)野(ye)(ye)群羊”、“碧海清風”、“石關險徑”、“摩(mo)天(tian)(tian)峻(jun)嶺”、“黃龍(long)松(song)濤”、“云雀叫天(tian)(tian)”、“雙峰朝日”、“誓比天(tian)(tian)高”、“松(song)花(hua)(hua)掩翠”、“九龍(long)云穩”等(deng)自(zi)然(ran)景觀(guan),加(jia)上金殿(dian)水庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖光山(shan)色、莽莽林叢,使(shi)森林公園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境更為優美(mei),在(zai)長蟲山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)喀特(te)地貌(mao)中隱藏著(zhu)(zhu)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶洞。鐘樓南(nan)面,辟有茶(cha)花(hua)(hua)園(yuan),杜(du)鵑園(yuan),木蘭園(yuan)等(deng)12個(ge)觀(guan)賞(shang)植物區,占(zhan)地500多(duo)畝,與(yu)金殿(dian)古(gu)建筑相互輝(hui)映(ying)。其中茶(cha)花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)內(nei)有一株(zhu)云南(nan)著(zhu)(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)“蝶翅”茶(cha)花(hua)(hua),已有五、六百年歷(li)史,約二丈余高,特(te)別吸引游人。
主要景點
銅殿
銅殿平臺前豎有日(ri)月七(qi)星(xing)旗(qi),銅旗(qi)上方是(shi)(shi)鏤空日(ri)月,旗(qi)邊狼牙形,一(yi)周(zhou)鑲28星(xing)宿,中間為北(bei)斗七(qi)星(xing)。太和宮(gong)中還有一(yi)柄七(qi)星(xing)寶劍,重(zhong)20多公(gong)斤(jin),兩面劍鋒(feng)鑲七(qi)顆銅星(xing),被(bei)視為真(zhen)武伏(fu)魔制怪的鎮(zhen)山法寶。紫(zi)禁城是(shi)(shi)太和宮(gong)道觀建筑(zhu)群的中心(xin),建于明(ming)萬(wan)歷年間,周(zhou)長365公(gong)尺(chi)(chi),設四方四門(men)。南(nan)(nan)方外是(shi)(shi)三(san)豐殿,原(yuan)祀張三(san)豐。殿南(nan)(nan)原(yuan)為三(san)元宮(gong),現為秋園。南(nan)(nan)至鳴鳳(feng)山最高(gao)峰,有一(yi)幢三(san)層(ceng)鐘樓,穹頂(ding)下(xia)懸著(zhu)一(yi)口永樂大鐘,鑄于明(ming)永樂21年(1423年),高(gao)3.5公(gong)尺(chi)(chi),口徑周(zhou)長6.7公(gong)尺(chi)(chi),引(yin)人矚(zhu)目。
金殿
四時景(jing)色各不同之昆(kun)明金殿,金殿風景(jing)區(qu)位于昆(kun)明市(shi)東郊的(de)(de)鳴鳳山(shan)(shan)麓,距(ju)市(shi)區(qu)8公里,初建(jian)于明萬歷年(nian)(nian)間,明崇(chong)禎十年(nian)(nian)(1637)銅(tong)殿遷賓川(chuan)雞足山(shan)(shan),清康熙十年(nian)(nian)(16711)平西(xi)王吳(wu)三桂重建(jian)現存這幢重檐(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)式(shi)真武銅(tong)殿,銅(tong)殿重250噸,是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)銅(tong)建(jian)筑,它比(bi)(bi)北(bei)京頤和(he)園萬壽山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)金殿保存完整;比(bi)(bi)湖北(bei)武當(dang)山(shan)(shan)金殿規模(mo)大(da),是(shi)我國(guo)現存最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)純銅(tong)鑄殿,銅(tong)殿在驕陽(yang)下殿宇(yu)熠熠生輝(hui),
耀眼(yan)奪目,故人(ren)們(men)稱為金殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),是中國重點保護文物(wu)。金殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自鼎建(jian)至今已380多(duo)年(nian),現存鳴鳳山(shan)金殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),是清初吳(wu)(wu)三佳重建(jian)的。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梁上還留有“大(da)清康熙十(shi)年(nian),歲次(ci)辛亥,大(da)呂月,十(shi)有門日之(zhi)吉,平西親(qin)王(wang)吳(wu)(wu)三桂敬筑(zhu)”等字(zi)樣。吳(wu)(wu)三桂在鎮壓農民起義后(hou),率師進(jin)踞昆明,重建(jian)金殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。里(li)面的佛像、匾聯(lian)、梁柱、層面、門窗、盤龍、裝飾等均用銅鑄(zhu)成。金殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的階梯、地板、欄桿均是別致的大(da)理(li)石鑲砌(qi)。整個殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇宏偉莊嚴(yan),美觀(guan)大(da)方。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)筑(zhu)有城墻、城門、城垛。城上有樓。在殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)側(ce),有粗逾合(he)抱的山(shan)茶一株華亭寺和(he)紫薇兩株,相傳為明代所種,每年(nian)春節前后(hou),數千朵茶花怒放,花紅似火。
華亭寺
華亭寺位(wei)于云南省昆明市西山華亭山腰。
由(you)碧峣精舍(she)向南斜登(deng)上徑,上華亭(ting)(ting)山,修竹蔽天,松(song)蔭夾道,在(zai)茫茫林海當中,一座飾以丹青(qing)的樓亭(ting)(ting)掩映在(zai)松(song)柏林間,這(zhe)便是著(zhu)名的華亭(ting)(ting)寺(si)門戶——鐘樓,清澈的鐘聲在(zai)山間迥(jiong)蕩(dang),使人“披尋得古寺(si),小坐收眾清”之感。
華亭(ting)這(zhe)個名稱(cheng),最早可以(yi)追溯到(dao)大理國(guo)時代。相傳鄯闡侯(hou)高(gao)智(zhi)升曾于公元(yuan)1063年在(zai)這(zhe)里(li)修建別(bie)墅,到(dao)了(le)他的后人高(gao)賢時,便給這(zhe)座山命名華亭(ting),從此這(zhe)里(li)一直是高(gao)氏家族游宴的地(di)方。
華亭寺雖然坐落在(zai)半山(shan)當中,但地勢平坦,茂(mao)林修竹(zhu),翠竹(zhu)蒼松,曲徑通幽,極為(wei)雅(ya)致,在(zai)寺院的(de)(de)大門外,還掛(gua)有這樣(yang)的(de)(de)一副對聯(lian)。“繞樹(shu)千章,松蒼竹(zhu)翠;出門一笑(xiao),海(hai)闊天空。”在(zai)華亭寺北面的(de)(de)碧峣山(shan)的(de)(de)山(shan)腰,還有聶(nie)耳(er)墓(mu),墓(mu)前立(li)著(zhu)1954年(nian)鐫(juan)刻(ke)的(de)(de)墓(mu)碑,上面有郭沫若書(shu)題的(de)(de)碑銘“人民音樂家聶(nie)耳(er)之墓(mu)”。
開發建設
昆(kun)明(ming)(ming)金殿(dian)(dian)國家(jia)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園于1992年11月經(jing)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)部批復建(jian)(jian)立昆(kun)明(ming)(ming)金殿(dian)(dian)國家(jia)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園,目前與省森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)自(zi)然中心實(shi)行“一套班子(zi),兩塊牌子(zi)”的(de)(de)管理體制。昆(kun)明(ming)(ming)金殿(dian)(dian)國家(jia)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園在完成森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保護、護林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)防火(huo)、建(jian)(jian)造森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)物群(qun)落等工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)同時(shi),進一步開(kai)發拓展森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態景觀建(jian)(jian)設和森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)旅游開(kai)發項目。為了盤活(huo)資產,增(zeng)加收入,在上級部門(men)的(de)(de)關心支持下,順利(li)完成了華夏歷險城的(de)(de)兼并(bing)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),由兼并(bing)方(云(yun)(yun)南晨光房地產有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司)清償了原(yuan)“華夏歷險城”所欠的(de)(de)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)系統1001名職工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)債務;與浙江金州集團(tuan)合作(zuo)(zuo)開(kai)發了云(yun)(yun)南野生(sheng)(sheng)動物園項目;與云(yun)(yun)南林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)產品公(gong)司在怒江蘭坪合作(zuo)(zuo)建(jian)(jian)立小(xiao)熊貓馴養繁殖(zhi)基(ji)地;成立昆(kun)明(ming)(ming)金杰(jie)康靈(ling)長類實(shi)驗動物科技有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司。
昆(kun)明金(jin)殿國家森林(lin)公園(yuan)除已開發(fa)的(de)項目(mu)外,正啟動(dong)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物觀賞、紀念(nian)林(lin)、林(lin)下(xia)資源(yuan)開發(fa)、森林(lin)游(you)憩、休閑(xian)度假、科教實(shi)驗、果園(yuan)改造等優勢項目(mu),目(mu)前(qian)各項工作正在有序進行。隨著風景資源(yuan)保(bao)護力度的(de)增(zeng)強(qiang),建設步伐的(de)加(jia)快,一座以(yi)游(you)覽觀光、野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物觀賞、野營(ying)登山(shan)、會議度假、娛樂(le)健身、科普考察、教學實(shi)習(xi)、生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)保(bao)護等為主(zhu)要內容,以(yi)森林(lin)游(you)憩和郊野休閑(xian)為特色的(de)多功能綜合性城郊山(shan)岳型森林(lin)旅游(you)勝地展現在了人(ren)們面前(qian)。