簡介
明(ming)永(yong)樂初年(nian),道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)長春派創(chuang)始(shi)人,謫滇“高(gao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)”劉淵(yuan)然(1351年(nian)~1432年(nian))即居此觀(guan)(guan)(guan)闡(chan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。宣德四年(nian)(1429年(nian)),黔(qian)國公沐晟兄弟出(chu)資,劉淵(yuan)然的(de)(de)高(gao)徒蔣日(ri)和(he)(he)主(zhu)持(chi)擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)。先后(hou)(hou)用了六年(nian)才完(wan)工。“凡門廡、藏殿之制一(yi)時具舉。”使得“東郭之間,輝然增勝。”洪熙元年(nian)(1425年(nian)),真(zhen)武閣改名(ming)真(zhen)慶(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan),蔣日(ri)和(he)(he)受(shou)封為“明(ming)真(zhen)顯道(dao)(dao)(dao)弘教(jiao)法師(shi)”。蔣日(ri)和(he)(he)被褒獎后(hou)(hou)一(yi)直任真(zhen)慶(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)住持(chi),在(zai)他苦心營造下(xia),真(zhen)慶(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)度成為昆明(ming)地區香火最(zui)旺的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)宮觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。至(zhi)其“羽化”(道(dao)(dao)(dao)士死(si)后(hou)(hou)婉稱)后(hou)(hou),由師(shi)弟徐道(dao)(dao)(dao)廣接任道(dao)(dao)(dao)長。傳徐有(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao)術,繼續(xu)把長春派要旨發揚(yang)光大。真(zhen)慶(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)自明(ming)正統以后(hou)(hou)嘉(jia)靖及清代康熙、乾(qian)隆,光緒(xu)各朝都有(you)修葺和(he)(he)擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)。民國36年(nian)(1947年(nian))昆明(ming)市(shi)市(shi)長曾恕懷頒保(bao)護真(zhen)慶(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)布告,但到民國末年(nian)已逐(zhu)漸(jian)衰頹(tui)。自20世紀50年(nian)代開始(shi),真(zhen)慶(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)逐(zhu)漸(jian)被工廠、單位和(he)(he)居民占(zhan)用。及至(zhi)“文(wen)(wen)化大革命”,古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑岌岌可危。至(zhi)2001年(nian)夏重修之前,經實地考察和(he)(he)拍照。現存真(zhen)慶(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)由真(zhen)慶(qing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)、都雷府和(he)(he)鹽隆祠三(san)部分組成,占(zhan)地面積(ji)4萬(wan)余(yu)平(ping)方米(mi)。是昆明(ming)市(shi)區占(zhan)地面積(ji)最(zui)大、保(bao)存明(ming)清兩代建(jian)(jian)筑最(zui)多,較完(wan)整的(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑群。對云(yun)南(nan)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑史(shi)、藝術史(shi)、宗教(jiao)史(shi)及云(yun)南(nan)與中原文(wen)(wen)化交流的(de)(de)研究有(you)重要價值(zhi)。
核心建筑
真(zhen)慶(qing)觀核心建筑(zhu)由(you)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、紫微(wei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、老(lao)君殿(dian)(dian)(dian)組成(cheng)。舊塑神(shen)像(xiang)(xiang)早已不存,據記載,正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)奉玉皇、左(zuo)右(you)配以雷(lei)神(shen)和(he)(he)真(zhen)武像(xiang)(xiang),兩(liang)旁(pang)各有七(qi)八個雷(lei)部神(shen)像(xiang)(xiang)。正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)東西廊為(wei)群仙廊,供(gong)有60尊各路神(shen)仙,后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)老(lao)君和(he)(he)其他神(shen)像(xiang)(xiang),各各儀態閑如。其中保存完(wan)好的當數紫微(wei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),進深四間(jian),占地320平方(fang)米,單檐(yan)歇山,斗拱(gong)粗大疏朗,梁結(jie)構(gou)具(ju)明代北京皇家(jia)建筑(zhu)風格,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)中央頂部原有八卦(gua)太(tai)極圖(tu)藻(zao)井(jing),結(jie)構(gou)精巧,特(te)點突出(chu),但后來整修時,將(jiang)太(tai)極圖(tu)改為(wei)飛龍圖(tu),失(shi)去(qu)了(le)道家(jia)特(te)色。
都雷府
紫微(wei)殿(dian)東側(ce)(ce)為(wei)(wei)都(dou)雷(lei)府(fu),建于清康熙年(nian)間重(zhong)修,大門(men)為(wei)(wei)單檐,四角翹起,斗拱承(cheng)載,大門(men)兩側(ce)(ce)有(you)木刻對聯一(yi)(yi)副:“愿天常生好人,愿人常行好事。”門(men)楣(mei)前題(ti)“都(dou)雷(lei)府(fu)”,后(hou)題(ti):“萬(wan)古神(shen)風”。大門(men)內有(you)一(yi)(yi)高(gao)亭(ting),名清風亭(ting),斗拱承(cheng)載,雕梁畫(hua)棟,造型獨(du)特,往(wang)前為(wei)(wei)都(dou)雷(lei)府(fu)大殿(dian),清代除供奉雷(lei)神(shen)外,還“獨(du)塑(su)一(yi)(yi)王靈官像(xiang)于殿(dian)內”。都(dou)雷(lei)府(fu)殿(dian)側(ce)(ce)有(you)一(yi)(yi)香油(you)井(jing),用(yong)以存儲(chu)香油(you)供各(ge)殿(dian)使用(yong)。都(dou)雷(lei)府(fu)往(wang)北尚存一(yi)(yi)古井(jing),名八卦井(jing),水甘冽,充滿神(shen)奇傳說(shuo)。
鹽隆祠
都(dou)雷府北面(mian)為鹽(yan)(yan)隆(long)祠,光緒七年(1881年)云南鹽(yan)(yan)商集資興建,清末和(he)民(min)國初年鹽(yan)(yan)行即此處,鹽(yan)(yan)隆(long)祠分戲(xi)臺、前殿、兩邊廂(xiang)房和(he)大殿,大殿為土(tu)木(mu)結構,進深兩間,面(mian)闊(kuo)三間,樓上有(you)走廊花廳(ting)刻有(you)二十四孝圖(tu)等傳統(tong)道德畫,石欄浮雕,栩栩如生。
劉淵然師徒
真慶(qing)觀(guan)之所以(yi)蜚聲海內(nei),除歷(li)史悠久以(yi)外(wai),還(huan)因劉淵然師徒在(zai)(zai)全國道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教界的(de)(de)影響,劉淵然(1351年(nian)(nian)~1432年(nian)(nian)),江(jiang)西贛縣區(qu)人(ren),道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)號體(ti)元(yuan)子,道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)行高深,明(ming)(ming)洪武間(jian)朱元(yuan)璋召(zhao)至師宗,賜(si)號高道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。永樂初年(nian)(nian)任(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)錄司(si)右(you)、左“正一”管道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教事。嗣因得(de)罪(zui)權貴被謫(zhe)至昆(kun)明(ming)(ming)。在(zai)(zai)龍泉(quan)觀(guan)闡教。其(qi)門徒“殆百余人(ren)”。門徒中(zhong)蔣日(ri)和、邵(shao)以(yi)正是(shi)名(ming)聞全國的(de)(de)“高道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”。其(qi)中(zhong),邵(shao)以(yi)正是(shi)昆(kun)明(ming)(ming)人(ren),號止止道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren),又號承康子,天(tian)(tian)順元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1457年(nian)(nian))明(ming)(ming)英宗賜(si)號“通妙真人(ren)”。正統十年(nian)(nian)(1445年(nian)(nian))整理校定5305卷的(de)(de)《正統道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)藏》傳世(shi),在(zai)(zai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教學術史上有相(xiang)當(dang)地位。明(ming)(ming)仁宗洪熙元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1425年(nian)(nian))劉淵然受召(zhao)回京,得(de)封“沖(chong)虛至道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)玄妙無(wu)為光范(fan)衍(yan)教莊靜普濟長春真人(ren)”號,并“領(ling)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)教事”,從而使(shi)真慶(qing)觀(guan)名(ming)聲大(da)噪。
修復
真(zhen)慶觀(guan)于(yu)2003年4月修復,修復后的(de)古建(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)面積約4800平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),園林建(jian)(jian)設9000平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),仍(reng)按原有布局分(fen)為三(san)個(ge)景區:真(zhen)慶觀(guan)以紫微殿(dian)(dian)為中心,結合老君殿(dian)(dian),組(zu)成(cheng)第(di)一個(ge)景區,都雷(lei)府以雷(lei)神殿(dian)(dian)為中心,由門樓、清風亭、火(huo)神殿(dian)(dian)等組(zu)成(cheng)第(di)二個(ge)景區;鹽隆祠以大殿(dian)(dian)為中心,由前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)、戲臺等組(zu)成(cheng)第(di)三(san)個(ge)景區,新建(jian)(jian)真(zhen)慶文(wen)化(hua)廣場融古建(jian)(jian)筑、道教(jiao)文(wen)化(hua)、休閑娛樂、精品(pin)展(zhan)示、旅游(you)觀(guan)光為一體,是(shi)(shi)昆明歷史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)名城的(de)一個(ge)亮點,也是(shi)(shi)國內旅游(you)者的(de)一大殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)。