簡介
位于山(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)中偏西(xi)部(bu)離石(shi)(shi)市城關鎮馬(ma)茂莊村西(xi),墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)范圍約2平方公里。墓(mu)(mu)葬年代多為東漢時期。墓(mu)(mu)葬一(yi)般(ban)距地表2-5米(mi),形制有單室(shi)(shi)、二室(shi)(shi)、三(san)室(shi)(shi)和多室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)。大部(bu)分(fen)為畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)用磚石(shi)(shi)結構,畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)一(yi)般(ban)分(fen)布在墓(mu)(mu)門處(chu),或前(qian)室(shi)(shi)的四壁。畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)采(cai)(cai)用墨線勾勒(le)細部(bu),然后剔地平鏟像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)外襯(chen)底,使得畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)凸起,增(zeng)強(qiang)視覺效果。畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)容有神話(hua)、歷史(shi)故(gu)事、建筑、歌舞宴樂(le)、郊游狩(shou)獵、車騎(qi)出行等。一(yi)些畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)上還(huan)有紀(ji)年題記。
考古發掘
墓群分布(bu)范(fan)圍約2平方公里(li)。1990年冬(dong),山西省(sheng)考古研(yan)究(jiu)所首次科學發掘3座(zuo)漢畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓,出土42塊漢畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)。1993年春(chun),又清理3座(zuo)漢畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓,出土17塊漢畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)。同年馬茂莊左表(biao)墓被洪水沖刷出土后發現該墓群,共收集村民建(jian)房時發現的漢畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)6塊。
墓群詳情
畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像石墓(mu)(mu)(mu)分南部(bu)和北(bei)部(bu)兩個(ge)區域。發掘(jue)的(de)6座漢(han)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像石墓(mu)(mu)(mu)皆(jie)(jie)出(chu)自于北(bei)部(bu),有(you)4座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)向南,1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)向西,1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)向北(bei),且相距不遠。全部(bu)是磚(zhuan)石混(hun)合結構(gou)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬,均(jun)有(you)較長斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)2座在近墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)處(chu)旁設一個(ge)小室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))。除了(le)1993年(nian)春(chun)發掘(jue)的(de)一座單室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)外,其(qi)余均(jun)為前(qian)、后室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)較大的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還附有(you)一個(ge)或(huo)(huo)兩個(ge)耳室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)以繩紋條磚(zhuan)(36×18×6厘米)泥漿錯(cuo)縫(feng)砌(qi)筑,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內壁平(ping)直或(huo)(huo)略外弧。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)外均(jun)以條磚(zhuan)錯(cuo)縫(feng)封(feng)砌(qi)。甬道(dao)均(jun)為并列(lie)式拱(gong)(gong)券頂,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)為起(qi)拱(gong)(gong)內收“四(si)面結頂”的(de)穹窿頂,后室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和耳室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦為穹窿頂或(huo)(huo)拱(gong)(gong)券頂。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地面多為縱向人字形鋪(pu)地磚(zhuan),也(ye)有(you)錯(cuo)縫(feng)橫鋪(pu)條磚(zhuan)的(de)地面。 以上6座漢(han)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像石墓(mu)(mu)(mu),每墓(mu)(mu)(mu)必有(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像石五塊,即門(men)(men)楣石、兩側(ce)立框石及兩扇(shan)門(men)(men)扉石。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像石內容極其(qi)穩定(ding)單純,即門(men)(men)楣石上均(jun)刻(ke)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)車(che)騎(qi)出(chu)行,顯耀墓(mu)(mu)(mu)主人生前(qian)仕途(tu)等級;兩側(ce)門(men)(men)框石上皆(jie)(jie)刻(ke)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)東王公西王母、擁盾持彗的(de)門(men)(men)吏(li);兩扇(shan)門(men)(men)扉石上都刻(ke)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)朱雀展翅與鋪(pu)首銜環。
導游
馬(ma)茂(mao)莊墓(mu)(mu)群的(de)墓(mu)(mu)葬年(nian)代多為東漢時期。墓(mu)(mu)葬一(yi)(yi)般(ban)距地表(biao)2-5米,形(xing)制有單室(shi)、二室(shi)、三(san)室(shi)和多室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)。大部分(fen)為畫(hua)像石墓(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)采(cai)(cai)用磚石結(jie)構,畫(hua)像石一(yi)(yi)般(ban)分(fen)布(bu)在墓(mu)(mu)門處,或前室(shi)的(de)四壁(bi)。畫(hua)像采(cai)(cai)用墨線(xian)勾(gou)勒細部,然后(hou)剔地平(ping)鏟像外襯底,使(shi)得畫(hua)像凸起,增強視(shi)覺效(xiao)果。畫(hua)像內容(rong)有神話(hua)、歷史故事、建筑、歌舞宴樂、郊(jiao)游狩獵、車騎出(chu)行(xing)等。一(yi)(yi)些(xie)畫(hua)像石上還有紀年(nian)題記(ji)。
交通
可在當地包(bao)車或自駕(jia)車前往。