簡介
1713年(nian)(nian)(清康熙五十二年(nian)(nian)),諸蒙古王公為慶(qing)賀(he)康熙帝(di)(di)(di)60壽(shou)辰,上書“奏請”在(zai)承德避(bi)暑山(shan)莊外,圍建一(yi)寺院作慶(qing)壽(shou)盛會之所。康熙帝(di)(di)(di)欣(xin)然“恩準(zhun)”,遂建造了溥仁、溥善二寺。溥善寺早已荒廢,溥仁寺便成康熙年(nian)(nian)間僅存(cun)的(de)廟宇(yu)。溥通普(pu),普(pu)遍、廣(guang)大(da)意,有皇帝(di)(di)(di)深仁厚愛普(pu)及(ji)天下之意。慈云(yun)普(pu)陰殿(dian),單檐(yan)歇山(shan)頂(ding),描金(jin)彩繪,雕梁畫棟,光彩奪(duo)目(mu)。殿(dian)內(nei)供過去(qu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)迦葉佛(fo)(fo)(fo)、如今佛(fo)(fo)(fo)釋迦牟尼佛(fo)(fo)(fo)、未來佛(fo)(fo)(fo)彌勒佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。釋迦佛(fo)(fo)(fo)兩(liang)側為其兩(liang)大(da)弟子迦葉和(he)阿難。東西(xi)壇上供姿態各異的(de)十八羅漢。天花板上有密宗六字真言。寶相長(chang)新(xin)殿(dian),單檐(yan)硬(ying)山(shan)布瓦(wa)頂(ding),檐(yan)柱描金(jin)彩繪。內(nei)供9尊無量壽(shou)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。
溥仁寺
歷史背景
溥仁(ren)寺(si)(si)、溥善(shan)寺(si)(si)位避暑山莊東,武烈河(he)東岸。溥仁(ren)寺(si)(si)在(zai)前,占地(di)3.4公(gong)頃,俗(su)(su)稱(cheng)前寺(si)(si);溥善(shan)寺(si)(si)在(zai)后,占地(di)1.1公(gong)頃,俗(su)(su)稱(cheng)后寺(si)(si)。溥仁(ren)、溥善(shan)是外八廟中(zhong)康熙年間建(jian)(jian)造的(de)兩座(zuo)(zuo)寺(si)(si)廟。1690年(康熙二十九年)取(qu)得了(le)平息厄(e)魯特蒙(meng)古準葛爾部(bu)民族(zu)分裂分子噶爾丹的(de)判(pan)亂勝利。到(dao)1713年(康熙五十二年),漠北、漠南(nan)、喀爾喀等(deng)蒙(meng)古地(di)區(qu)出現了(le)20余年的(de)安(an)定(ding)局面,發展(zhan)了(le)這些地(di)區(qu)的(de)牧業生產,密切了(le)蒙(meng)古各部(bu)與清中(zhong)央政府(fu)的(de)關(guan)系。這一年是康熙的(de)60壽辰,“眾蒙(meng)古部(bu)落,咸至闕廷,奉行朝賀,不謀同辭,具(ju)疏陳墾,愿建(jian)(jian)剎宇,為聯祝厘”,康熙允(yun)其所請(qing),于是年在(zai)熱河(he)建(jian)(jian)造了(le)這兩座(zuo)(zuo)寺(si)(si)廟,供(gong)蒙(meng)古諸部(bu)大聚會(hui)使用(yong),取(qu)“寓施仁(ren)政于遠荒(huang)”之意分別題名“溥仁(ren)寺(si)(si)”、“溥善(shan)寺(si)(si)”。
建筑特色
溥仁寺
溥仁(ren)寺按標準的漢(han)式迦藍七(qi)堂(tang)規制(zhi)建造,山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)面(mian)闊三(san)(san)楹,進(jin)(jin)深(shen)兩間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),兩側設(she)腰門(men)(men)(men)。進(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)東西兩側立(li)幢桿各一(yi)(yi),幢桿北(bei)擺鐘、鼓樓。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)正北(bei)為天王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),面(mian)闊三(san)(san)楹,進(jin)(jin)深(shen)兩間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),兩側設(she)腰墻。腰門(men)(men)(men)與后(hou)(hou)部相隔(ge)(ge),形(xing)成一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)。二(er)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)正北(bei)為正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)名大(da)(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian),門(men)(men)(men)額“慈云普蔭(yin)(yin)”,面(mian)闊七(qi)楹,進(jin)(jin)深(shen)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),周圍廊,前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)檐(yan)明次間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)隔(ge)(ge)扇門(men)(men)(men),前(qian)(qian)據稍(shao)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)檻窗,后(hou)(hou)檐(yan)稍(shao)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)封(feng)實(shi)墻。檐(yan)下(xia)用重昂(ang)五踩斗拱(gong),單(dan)檐(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan),黃琉璃瓦(wa)頂。中三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)(hou)老(lao)檐(yan)前(qian)(qian)增設(she)金(jin)柱四(si)根,柱之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)封(feng)屏壁,形(xing)成夾道通(tong)后(hou)(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)。屏壁前(qian)(qian)供(gong)(gong)主(zhu)尊(zun)三(san)(san)世(shi)佛,左(zuo)右山(shan)(shan)(shan)墻置壇,供(gong)(gong)十八羅漢(han),這些佛像均(jun)用昂(ang)貴的髹漆夾擰塑(su)造。墻壁不(bu)施彩(cai)繪,頂棚(peng)設(she)“六字真(zhen)言”井(jing)口(kou)天花。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內橫額“具大(da)(da)自(zi)在”,條幅“以清凈果證因護(hu)持(chi)斯萬(wan),現廣長舌說法聲震大(da)(da)千”。慈云普蔭(yin)(yin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)之前(qian)(qian)東西各立(li)御制(zhi)石碑(bei)一(yi)(yi)通(tong),記(ji)述建廟背(bei)景,左(zuo)右有配(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),面(mian)闊各五楹,進(jin)(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。過慈云普蔭(yin)(yin)為三(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo),主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)名寶相長新,面(mian)闊九(jiu)楹,進(jin)(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。中三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)廊,每(mei)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)隔(ge)(ge)扇,其余(yu)設(she)檻窗,檐(yan)下(xia)施三(san)(san)踩單(dan)昂(ang)斗拱(gong),布瓦(wa)硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)屋頂。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內供(gong)(gong)9尊(zun)無量(liang)壽(shou)佛,表(biao)九(jiu)九(jiu)萬(wan)壽(shou)。井(jing)口(kou)天花為六字真(zhen)言圖案。主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian)有東西配(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)各五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均(jun)由廊廡與后(hou)(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)相連(lian),形(xing)成三(san)(san)面(mian)封(feng)閉的院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)。三(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)之后(hou)(hou)有大(da)(da)塊平地(di),廣植松(song)、榆,今無存。
其他相關·溥(pu)善(shan)寺形(xing)制大體與溥(pu)仁寺相同,不同的是正殿北(bei)面,依山勢造佛樓七楹,同時(shi)在每進建筑之間都用腰墻加以隔斷,形(xing)成從山門以后是四進三合院的形(xing)式。今該廟(miao)已無(wu)存。
·2001年06月25日,溥(pu)仁(ren)寺作為清代(dai)古(gu)建筑,已(yi)被國務院(yuan)批準列入(ru)第五批全國重點文物保(bao)護單位(wei)名單。