簡介
據傳(chuan),清(qing)(qing)帝(di)乾(qian)隆為(wei)(wei)驗(yan)證該(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質,命太監特制一(yi)個銀質量斗,用(yong)(yong)以(yi)秤量全國各處送(song)京(jing)來名(ming)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)樣(yang),其結果(guo)是:北京(jing)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)每銀斗重(zhong)一(yi)兩(liang)(liang)。為(wei)(wei)最輕;濟南(nan)珍珠泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)重(zhong)一(yi)兩(liang)(liang)二錢(qian)(qian);鎮(zhen)江中(zhong)汁泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)重(zhong)一(yi)兩(liang)(liang)三錢(qian)(qian);無(wu)錫惠(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)、杭州虎趵泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)均為(wei)(wei)一(yi)兩(liang)(liang)四錢(qian)(qian)。證實(shi)乾(qian)隆自定評泉(quan)(quan)關鍵是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質輕為(wei)(wei)標準。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)含“雜質”最少,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)就清(qing)(qing),質量最好,長期飲用(yong)(yong)才能祛病(bing)益壽。于是在“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)(qing)而碧,澄潔似玉(yu)(yu)(yu)”的“裂帛湖”畔,刻下(xia)了御制《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)山(shan)天(tian)下(xia)第一(yi)泉(quan)(quan)記》:“…… 則凡出于山(shan)下(xia),而有(you)冽者,誠(cheng)無(wu)過(guo)京(jing)師(shi)之玉(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)。故定為(wei)(wei)天(tian)下(xia)第一(yi)泉(quan)(quan)。”玉(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)被(bei)這位旅游和品泉(quan)(quan)名(ming)人乾(qian)隆皇帝(di)正(zheng)式命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“天(tian)下(xia)第一(yi)泉(quan)(quan)”。
山(shan)下有(you)靜明(ming)園(yuan),為遼代玉泉山(shan)行宮(gong)和金(jin)代芙蓉(rong)殿行宮(gong)遺址,相傳金(jin)章宗曾(ceng)在此(ci)避暑。元世祖在此(ci)建(jian)昭化寺(si),明(ming)英宗時又添建(jian)上下華嚴(yan)守,清(qing)順(shun)治二年(1645年)重(zhong)修,改名(ming)澄(cheng)心(xin)園(yuan)。康熙十(shi)九年(1680年)增(zeng)修很多園(yuan)林建(jian)筑,于三十(shi)一年改稱今名(ming)。
景色
園內(nei)舊有十六景,即廓然大公、芙蓉晴照、玉(yu)泉趵突、竹壚山房、圣(sheng)國綜繪(hui)、繡壁詩態、溪田課耕、清(qing)涼禪窟(ku)、采香(xiang)云徑(jing)、峽雪琴(qin)音(yin)、玉(yu)峰塔影(ying)(ying)、風重清(qing)聽(ting)、鏡影(ying)(ying)涵虛、裂帛湖光、云外鐘聲、翠云嘉蔭。
乾隆時又增十六景:清音(yin)帶、華滋(zi)館、冠峰亭(ting)、觀音(yin)洞、賞遇樓、飛云眼(yan)、試墨泉、分鑒曲、寫琴廊、延綠廳、犁(li)云亭(ting)、羅漢洞、如如室、層明宇、進(jin)珠泉、心遠閣。英(ying)法聯軍和八國聯軍入侵,大部毀于兵火。
靜明園
靜明園內的(de)樓、閣、亭、館、佛寺(si)(si)、佛塔依山(shan)而筑,交融在泉壑、山(shan)巖(yan)、林(lin)木之(zhi)間,秀麗和諧(xie),是造園藝術的(de)成(cheng)功范例。風(feng)景今以妙高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)的(de)華(hua)藏塔、玉峰(feng)(feng)塔、裂帛湖、華(hua)嚴洞、玉龍洞、香(xiang)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)、圣緣寺(si)(si)等為最著(zhu)名。