一.產品介紹
西瓜(學名(ming):Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai)一年(nian)生蔓(man)生藤本(ben);莖、枝粗(cu)壯,具明(ming)顯的棱。卷(juan)須(xu)較粗(cu)壯,具短(duan)柔毛(mao)(mao),葉柄粗(cu),密被(bei)柔毛(mao)(mao);葉片紙質(zhi),輪廓(kuo)三角狀卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),帶白綠色(se)(se),兩面具短(duan)硬毛(mao)(mao),葉片基部心(xin)形(xing)(xing)。雌(ci)雄同(tong)株。雌(ci)、雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)均(jun)單生于(yu)葉腋。雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)3-4厘米,密被(bei)黃褐色(se)(se)長(chang)柔毛(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼筒(tong)寬(kuan)鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠淡黃色(se)(se);雄蕊近離(li)生,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲(si)短(duan),藥室折曲。雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua):花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼和花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠與雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong);子(zi)房卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),柱頭腎形(xing)(xing)。果(guo)實大型(xing),近于(yu)球形(xing)(xing)或橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),肉質(zhi),多汁,果(guo)皮光滑(hua),色(se)(se)澤(ze)及(ji)紋飾各式。種子(zi)多數,卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),黑色(se)(se)、紅(hong)色(se)(se),兩面平滑(hua),基部鈍圓(yuan),通(tong)常邊緣(yuan)稍拱起,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)期夏季(ji)。
中國各地栽培,品種甚(shen)多,外果(guo)皮、果(guo)肉(rou)及種子形式多樣(yang),以新疆、甘肅蘭州(zhou)、山(shan)東(dong)(dong)德(de)州(zhou)、江蘇東(dong)(dong)臺(tai)等地最為有名(ming)。其原種可能來自非洲,久已廣泛栽培于世界熱(re)帶到溫帶,金、元時(shi)始傳入中國。
西瓜為(wei)夏季之水(shui)果(guo)(guo),果(guo)(guo)肉味甜,能降溫去(qu)暑;種(zhong)子(zi)含油,可作消遣食品(pin);果(guo)(guo)皮藥用,有清熱、利尿、降血壓(ya)之效。
形態特征
一年生(sheng)蔓生(sheng)藤本;莖(jing)、枝(zhi)粗(cu)壯(zhuang),具(ju)明顯(xian)(xian)的棱(leng)溝(gou),被長而密的白色或(huo)(huo)淡(dan)黃褐色長柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)。卷須(xu)較(jiao)粗(cu)壯(zhuang),具(ju)短柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao),2歧,葉柄粗(cu),長3-12厘(li)(li)米(mi),粗(cu)0.2-0.4厘(li)(li)米(mi),具(ju)不明顯(xian)(xian)的溝(gou)紋,密被柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao);葉片(pian)紙質,輪廓三(san)角狀(zhuang)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),帶白綠色,長8-20厘(li)(li)米(mi),寬5-15厘(li)(li)米(mi),兩(liang)面具(ju)短硬毛(mao)(mao),脈上和背(bei)面較(jiao)多,3深(shen)裂(lie),中裂(lie)片(pian)較(jiao)長,倒卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、長圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端急尖或(huo)(huo)漸尖,裂(lie)片(pian)又羽(yu)(yu)狀(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)二(er)重羽(yu)(yu)狀(zhuang)淺(qian)裂(lie)或(huo)(huo)深(shen)裂(lie),邊緣波狀(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)有(you)疏齒,末次裂(lie)片(pian)通(tong)常有(you)少數淺(qian)鋸齒,先端鈍圓(yuan),葉片(pian)基部心形(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)時(shi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成半圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的彎缺(que),彎缺(que)寬1-2厘(li)(li)米(mi),深(shen)0.5-0.8厘(li)(li)米(mi)。
雌(ci)(ci)雄同株。雌(ci)(ci)、雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)均單生于(yu)葉腋。雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua):花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)3-4厘(li)(li)米(mi),密(mi)(mi)被黃褐(he)色長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)筒(tong)寬(kuan)鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing),密(mi)(mi)被長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔毛(mao),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)裂片狹披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),與花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)筒(tong)近(jin)等長(chang)(chang)(chang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)2-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠淡黃色,徑(jing)2.5-3厘(li)(li)米(mi),外面帶綠色,被長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔毛(mao),裂片卵狀長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi),寬(kuan)0.5-0.8厘(li)(li)米(mi),頂(ding)端鈍(dun)或稍尖,脈黃褐(he)色,被毛(mao);雄蕊3,近(jin)離生,1枚1室,2枚2室,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲(si)短,藥室折曲。雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua):花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)和(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠與雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同;子房卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-0.8厘(li)(li)米(mi),寬(kuan)0.4厘(li)(li)米(mi),密(mi)(mi)被長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔毛(mao),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),柱頭3,腎(shen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。
果實大(da)型(xing),近于球形(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing),肉質,多(duo)汁(zhi),果皮光滑,色(se)澤及(ji)紋飾各式。種子多(duo)數(shu),卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),黑色(se)、紅色(se),有時為(wei)白色(se)、黃色(se)、淡(dan)綠色(se)或(huo)有斑(ban)紋,兩面平滑,基部鈍圓,通常邊(bian)緣稍(shao)拱起,長1-1.5厘米,寬0.5-0.8厘米,厚1-2毫米,花果期夏季。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況(kuang) 夏邑屬(shu)黃(huang)淮沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由西北(bei)向東(dong)南微傾,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)坦。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類沙(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),耕作層(ceng)深厚,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)ph7.8,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)1.41%,全氮(dan)1.037克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),速(su)效磷15.3毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),速(su)效鉀131毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)肥(fei)沃,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)通透(tou)性(xing)好兩合土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu)和(he)淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu)共占土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)94%。無(wu)污染源,病蟲害少,非常適合西瓜(gua)生(sheng)長。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang) 夏邑縣(xian)屬(shu)淮河(he)流域,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐沛,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui))總量(liang)為3.413億立方米。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)主要供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)來源,具有(you)埋(mai)藏(zang)淺、增(zeng)補快、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)好、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)適宜、開采容易等特點。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源來自降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)入(ru)境(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。百(bai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)方公里以上流域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)虬龍溝、巴清河(he)、沱河(he)、東(dong)沙(sha)河(he)等14條河(he)流自西向東(dong)橫穿(chuan)全境(jing),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)入(ru)境(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為1億多(duo)立方米。根據調查分(fen)析,全縣(xian)大部(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良好,淺層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)礦化(hua)度小于2克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)好水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)和(he)2-3克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)中(zhong)等水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)分(fen)別為1033.8平(ping)(ping)(ping)方公里和(he)343.9平(ping)(ping)(ping)方公里,占全縣(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)93.5%。中(zhong)層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)大部(bu)分(fen)為礦化(hua)度2克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/升(sheng),深層(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)全為礦化(hua)度小于1.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)較好,一般PH值(zhi)6-9,溶解氧5.6-12.5毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/升(sheng),生(sheng)化(hua)耗氧量(liang)1.4-4.7毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)/升(sheng),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)富含(han)硒,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)達到國家灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源標(biao)準。 2.3 氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況(kuang) 夏邑地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)南北(bei)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)過渡帶,屬(shu)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶半濕潤(run)季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)區,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14.1攝氏度。全年(nian)光照充足,冷暖適中(zhong),四季分(fen)明,氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he),全年(nian)日照時數2258.4h。常年(nian)無(wu)霜期為217d。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)785.2mm。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14.6℃,7月平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)27.3℃,1月平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)0.4℃,設施栽培(pei)中(zhong)西瓜(gua)果實膨大期的(de)四、五月份外(wai)界最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)37.5℃。種植西瓜(gua)的(de)環境(jing)條件十(shi)分(fen)優(you)越。
三.地域范圍
夏邑(yi)縣(xian)位(wei)于(yu)河南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)東(dong)部(bu)(bu),隴海鐵(tie)路南(nan)(nan)側,東(dong)部(bu)(bu)和南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)與永城市為鄰(lin),西(xi)部(bu)(bu)和北部(bu)(bu)與虞城縣(xian)接壤,西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)與安徽亳州市交(jiao)界,東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)與安徽省(sheng)碭山縣(xian)毗鄰(lin)。夏邑(yi)西(xi)瓜地域(yu)范圍東(dong)端自(zi)火店(dian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)周(zhou)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun),西(xi)端至(zhi)(zhi)郭店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)張(zhang)廠村(cun)(cun);南(nan)(nan)端自(zi)岐河鄉(xiang)(xiang)吳張(zhang)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun),北端至(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)集鄉(xiang)(xiang)草(cao)場(chang)村(cun)(cun)。地理(li)坐標位(wei)于(yu)北緯(wei)34°04′07″至(zhi)(zhi) 34°21′20″,東(dong)經116°02′18″至(zhi)(zhi)116°25′25″,區域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)43581公頃(qing),主要涉(she)及(ji)王(wang)集鄉(xiang)(xiang)、郭莊(zhuang)農(nong)貿(mao)區、劉店(dian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、太(tai)平鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、火店(dian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、北嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、曹集鄉(xiang)(xiang)、胡橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)、孔莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、郭店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、會(hui)亭鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、岐河鄉(xiang)(xiang),1個(ge)農(nong)貿(mao)區,11個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),373個(ge)行(xing)政(zheng)村(cun)(cun)。目前(qian)夏邑(yi)西(xi)瓜種植面(mian)積(ji)9666.7公頃(qing),總產55.5萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
4.1外在感官特征:果(guo)形(xing)為球形(xing),發育正常,具(ju)有(you)本品種應有(you)的特征,不(bu)得有(you)畸(ji)形(xing)。果(guo)皮為淺綠色(se),并有(you)十幾條(tiao)鋸齒狀墨綠色(se)條(tiao)紋,果(guo)皮光(guang)滑,茸毛(mao)消失,果(guo)皮無(wu)(wu)傷害。 4.2內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標:瓤(rang)色(se)為粉紅色(se),無(wu)(wu)白(bai)筋,無(wu)(wu)僵塊。果(guo)實成熟,汁多味(wei)甘,肉質(zhi)(zhi)細嫩。單果(guo)重4~8kg,含(han)可(ke)溶性(xing)固形(xing)物瓜瓤(rang)中心≥12.4%;瓜瓤(rang)邊緣(yuan)≥11.2%;可(ke)滴定酸0.72g/kg;抗壞(huai)血酸8.44mg/kg。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)與栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)特(te)(te)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)結構。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)四(si)膜多層(ceng)覆(fu)蓋,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)30-50米、寬6米、高(gao)(gao)2.0米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹桿或(huo)(huo)(huo)鋼管(guan)(guan)結構拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)630-650株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。該(gai)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)具有(you)(you)透(tou)光率高(gao)(gao),升(sheng)(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)快,抗(kang)風(feng)雪災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)能力(li)較(jiao)(jiao)強,投入成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)(di),建(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)挪棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)操作(zuo)方便,且能達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)“立春”定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、4月下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)上(shang)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)建(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(骨架、塑料(liao)膜、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工)投入3500元(yuan)(yuan)左(zuo)右,但年(nian)(nian)(nian)純畝(mu)收(shou)入達(da)6000多元(yuan)(yuan),利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)2-3年(nian)(nian)(nian)。 3.2 為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)早(zao)(zao)佳西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)點,選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)了(le)(le)自(zi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)。夏邑縣設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)佳(84-24)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普(pu)遍采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei),與采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)相(xiang)比(bi),由于(yu)(yu)顯著(zhu)縮短定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),可(ke)(ke)提(ti)(ti)(ti)早(zao)(zao)上(shang)市(shi)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),并保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu)了(le)(le)早(zao)(zao)佳西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固有(you)(you)口感風(feng)味(wei),在(zai)(zai)(zai)市(shi)場(chang)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)強競爭力(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般年(nian)(nian)(nian)份(fen)比(bi)嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)售(shou)價每(mei)(mei)(mei)公斤高(gao)(gao)0.5-0.6元(yuan)(yuan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)(xia),育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)比(bi)嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)減少(shao)70%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。 3.3 設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輪茬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)解決重(zhong)茬問題。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)早(zao)(zao)佳西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普(pu)遍推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)了(le)(le)連(lian)續(xu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2年(nian)(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),大(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搬(ban)家更換地(di)(di)(di)塊,同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)合(he)(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),既減少(shao)了(le)(le)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),又減輕(qing)了(le)(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),利(li)于(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)現優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4 目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),外地(di)(di)(di)多數(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)均(jun)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)克(ke)服設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)茬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由于(yu)(yu)枯(ku)(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)傳病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)帶來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)死(si)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、減產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)等(deng)難題。夏邑縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅重(zhong)視選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—早(zao)(zao)佳西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),而且集成(cheng)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4.1 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)近幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對比(bi)試驗,篩(shai)選(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)且綜合(he)(he)(he)性狀表現較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)佳(84-24)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)口感好(hao)(hao),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮薄(bo)(bo),纖維少(shao),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉酥脆(cui),甜(tian)度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)型美觀、瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)色(se)鮮亮。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)積90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。 3.4.2 選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng) 選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)坦、排灌(guan)方便、土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)符合(he)(he)(he)NY/T 5010-2016無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian),3年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)未(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)類作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)塊建(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要(yao)(yao)符合(he)(he)(he)GB5084-2005 農(nong)(nong)田灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)體跨度(du)(du)(du)6m,長(chang)(chang)(chang)30-40m,棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)高(gao)(gao)1.8m。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)立柱鋼架,堅固耐用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),安(an)卸方便,遮(zhe)陰少(shao),便于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戶(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積1.5-2hm2,早(zao)(zao)春種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)(zao)佳(84-24)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),秋茬接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辣椒。2年(nian)(nian)(nian)更換一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)地(di)(di)(di)塊,結合(he)(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),可(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)效解決連(lian)作(zuo)帶來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)茬障礙,病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)少(shao),利(li)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)“自(zi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)于(yu)(yu)“換根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)嫁(jia)接(jie)(jie)”西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)了(le)(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)固有(you)(you)口感風(feng)味(wei)。 3.4.3 整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)1個月結合(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入基(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),每(mei)(mei)(mei)667m2施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腐(fu)熟(shu)糞(fen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2000Kg-3000Kg,或(huo)(huo)(huo)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)機菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)100Kg,三(san)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(15-15-15)硫(liu)酸鉀復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50Kg-75Kg,肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)與土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)混(hun)勻整(zheng)平(ping)(ping),而后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)加蓋棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜,利(li)于(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)貯溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)平(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)淺(qian)溝作(zuo)為(wei)人(ren)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)道,把(ba)畦(qi)面(mian)(mian)分(fen)成(cheng)兩(liang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen),各(ge)寬2.5m-3m。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴(pen)(pen)灑異(yi)丙甲草(cao)(cao)(cao)胺(an)封(feng)(feng)閉(bi)型除草(cao)(cao)(cao)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)除雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)距(ju)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)兩(liang)邊60cm-70cm處(chu)各(ge)鋪(pu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)微噴(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)膜下(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。而后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),加蓋兩(liang)幅0.004mm-0.008mm厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)膜把(ba)畦(qi)面(mian)(mian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)覆(fu)蓋,利(li)于(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)墑和(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 3.4.4 培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)育壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao) 3.4.4.1育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)1月上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般分(fen)2-3批(pi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)下(xia)(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)元(yuan)(yuan)月5-10日(ri)(ri),間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)5-7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)分(fen)別播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)、三(san)批(pi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)。 3.4.4.2 育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、運(yun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)方便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)畦(qi)寬度(du)(du)(du)1.3m左(zuo)右,長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)比(bi)大(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)短4-6m。畦(qi)面(mian)(mian)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)平(ping)(ping)5cm-8cm,鋪(pu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)舊(jiu)塑膜利(li)于(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)鋪(pu)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)線(xian),每(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)(ping)方米苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)電(dian)功率100w,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1000w的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)熱(re)線(xian),布(bu)線(xian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)8-9cm,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)稀些(xie),兩(liang)邊稍密,注(zhu)(zhu)意電(dian)熱(re)線(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)剪斷(duan),布(bu)線(xian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)交叉、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)疊,具體使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方法(fa)(fa)見說明(ming)書。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)盤(pan)+基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)器具,穴(xue)(xue)(xue)盤(pan)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)為(wei)54cm *28cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)盤(pan)50穴(xue)(xue)(xue)。把(ba)裝(zhuang)入基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)盤(pan)整(zheng)齊(qi)地(di)(di)(di)排放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)線(xian)上(shang),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)覆(fu)地(di)(di)(di)膜,加設(she)(she)(she)(she)2-3層(ceng)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),而后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)加熱(re),小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)上(shang)邊夜(ye)(ye)里(li)蓋1-2層(ceng)毛氈。 3.4.4.3 浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。先(xian)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)浸(jin)入55℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)攪拌(ban)至(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)30℃,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)此(ci)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)再(zai)浸(jin)泡12小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)搓洗種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi),瀝(li)干(gan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)毛巾(jin)包好(hao)(hao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)28-30℃條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)(xia)催(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)(ya),約24小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)挑(tiao)出(chu)(chu)露(lu)白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),未(wei)露(lu)白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)繼續(xu)催(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。 3.4.4.4 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)1天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)噴(pen)(pen)透(tou)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),把(ba)催(cui)(cui)出(chu)(chu)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)平(ping)(ping)放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian),深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)2cm左(zuo)右,每(mei)(mei)(mei)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)粒(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芽(ya)(ya)(ya),播(bo)(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆(fu)蓋基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1.5cm-2cm厚(hou),再(zai)蓋薄(bo)(bo)膜、拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)等(deng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),四(si)周封(feng)(feng)嚴保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),而后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)源(yuan)加熱(re)。特(te)(te)別提(ti)(ti)(ti)醒:種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)-出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)鼠(shu)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)溴敵隆(long)毒餌撒放(fang)(fang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)周圍(wei),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)意人(ren)畜(chu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。 3.4.4.5 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)30-35℃,地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)20-25℃。出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)真(zhen)葉(xie)展開(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)20-25℃,夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)15-18℃,真(zhen)葉(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)25-28℃,夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)18-20℃,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)盤(pan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)潮濕(shi),如不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)通(tong)(tong)風(feng),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)加光照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)抗(kang)逆性,逐漸通(tong)(tong)風(feng)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)22-25℃,夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)13-15℃。 3.4.5 適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)移栽(zai)(zai)(zai) 2月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)日(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)外氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)5℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)始定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雙蔓(man)(man)整(zheng)枝(zhi)方式(shi),行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)2.5m-3.0m,株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)0.35m-0.40m,每(mei)(mei)(mei)667m2定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)600-650株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)2-3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)給苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)晴天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)9:00-15:00時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),沿澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)附(fu)(fu)近按株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)打孔,孔徑(jing)(jing)8cm-10cm,深(shen)6cm-8cm,輕(qing)輕(qing)將苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)從(cong)(cong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)盤(pan)取(qu)出(chu)(chu),并保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)坨(tuo)完整(zheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)孔內(nei),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)封(feng)(feng)好(hao)(hao)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)完后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),沿定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)插高(gao)(gao)60cm,跨120cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),扣上(shang)薄(bo)(bo)膜,并及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.4.6 田間(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li) 3.4.6.1溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)5天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)風(feng),白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)28-35℃,夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)13℃,10cm地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)維持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)通(tong)(tong)風(feng),白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)25-35℃,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能超過(guo)(guo)(guo)40℃,夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)20℃左(zuo)右,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)12℃。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)15℃。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)開(kai)始膨(peng)大(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou),白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)30-35℃,夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)15℃,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)晝夜(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差10-15℃。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、通(tong)(tong)風(feng)等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)調控(kong)(kong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)、空氣相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)55-65%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)相(xiang)對含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)幼(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)至(zhi)伸(shen)蔓(man)(man)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)60%-70%,開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)65%,膨(peng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)75%。 3.4.6.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li) 推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)配(pei)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)早(zao)(zao)佳西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)力(li)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)測土(tu)(tu)(tu)配(pei)方技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)劑(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、滴灌(guan)方式(shi)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)溶(rong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、葉(xie)面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)五項先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),改(gai)良土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang),提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),優(you)化(hua)(hua)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)際(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing),降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)傳病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)健(jian)(jian)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)微噴(pen)(pen)管(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)膜下(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),即“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)”節(jie)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),把(ba)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)機結合(he)(he)(he)起來(lai)(lai),使(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)區(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),減少(shao)裂瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率,減輕(qing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 ①澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)少(shao)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)系下(xia)(xia)扎,緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)伸(shen)蔓(man)(man)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),防(fang)(fang)(fang)止旺長(chang)(chang)(chang)。膨(peng)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),第(di)(di)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)直徑(jing)(jing)4cm-5cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)直徑(jing)(jing)10cm-15cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)停止澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 ②追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)秧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)情況(kuang),葉(xie)面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)0.3%磷酸二(er)(er)氫鉀溶(rong)液(ye),以(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率。坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)結合(he)(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),幼(you)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)雞蛋大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),按每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)三(san)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg、硫(liu)酸鉀5kg,以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葉(xie)面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.3%磷酸二(er)(er)氫鉀溶(rong)液(ye)1-2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 ③整(zheng)枝(zhi)留(liu)(liu)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)雙蔓(man)(man)整(zheng)枝(zhi)法(fa)(fa),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu)主(zhu)蔓(man)(man),當(dang)(dang)側(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)長(chang)(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)20cm,從(cong)(cong)第(di)(di)3-5節(jie)位(wei)選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)1條(tiao)健(jian)(jian)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)側(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man),其余全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)掉,以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)主(zhu)、側(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)上(shang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)膨(peng)大(da)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)伸(shen)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遮(zhe)光原則決定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)摘除。選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)主(zhu)蔓(man)(man)第(di)(di)2-3朵雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)留(liu)(liu)1個瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),如未(wei)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)住,可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)側(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)第(di)(di)2朵雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 3.4.6.3坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、選(xuan)(xuan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 為(wei)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)多采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)工授(shou)粉(fen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)激(ji)素(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)。 ①人(ren)工授(shou)粉(fen)。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3月下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)4月上(shang)旬(xun)(xun),正(zheng)值低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)季節(jie),棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)很少(shao),必須人(ren)工授(shou)粉(fen)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)6:00-10:00時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)段內(nei),當(dang)(dang)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),從(cong)(cong)田間(jian)(jian)(jian)摘取(qu)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),去(qu)掉花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban),露(lu)出(chu)(chu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui),將花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊(rui)對準(zhun)雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柱頭輕(qing)輕(qing)均(jun)勻涂抹。 ②激(ji)素(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由于(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao),為(wei)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激(ji)素(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)。方法(fa)(fa)是(shi):在(zai)(zai)(zai)雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)當(dang)(dang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)午7-10點或(huo)(huo)(huo)下(xia)(xia)午3-6點用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)噴(pen)(pen)壺將藥(yao)(yao)液(ye)均(jun)勻噴(pen)(pen)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)胎一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)18℃,每(mei)(mei)(mei)5毫升(sheng)(sheng)兌(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)0.75千(qian)克(ke);18-24℃,每(mei)(mei)(mei)5毫升(sheng)(sheng)兌(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)0.75-1千(qian)克(ke)。激(ji)素(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能重(zhong)復(fu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)裂瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 為(wei)準(zhun)確判斷(duan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)成(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)附(fu)(fu)近明(ming)顯位(wei)置,擺放(fang)(fang)寫明(ming)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)日(ri)(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)牌(pai)子(zi)(zi)。 3.4.7 病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)綜合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)綠色(se)防(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)。堅持(chi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)(he)。普(pu)遍采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃板誘殺(sha)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、煙霧劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)(he),實(shi)(shi)現綠色(se)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)猝(cu)倒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、枯(ku)(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、炭疽(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、蔓(man)(man)枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing);害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、螨(man)類、斜(xie)紋夜(ye)(ye)蛾。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)育壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清除病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。加強田間(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)輪作(zuo)換茬,要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)2年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪作(zuo),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)更換地(di)(di)(di)塊,減少(shao)連(lian)作(zuo)障礙。二(er)(er)是(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)黃板誘蟲(chong)(chong),銀灰色(se)地(di)(di)(di)膜驅(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。三(san)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),增(zeng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),優(you)化(hua)(hua)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。四(si)是(shi)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。猝(cu)倒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)72.2%霜霉威500倍液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。枯(ku)(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)靈(ling)2kg,細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)80kg混(hun)勻,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)(xue),發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)靈(ling)500倍液(ye)灌(guan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)灌(guan)藥(yao)(yao)液(ye)250ml。炭疽(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、蔓(man)(man)枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%苯醚甲環(huan)(huan)唑(zuo)1500倍液(ye)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關鍵(jian)是(shi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong),發(fa)現病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拔除;蚜蟲(chong)(chong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)啉,紅(hong)蜘蛛螨(man)類可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5%噠螨(man)靈(ling),斜(xie)紋夜(ye)(ye)蛾可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)15%安(an)打,按要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)倍數(shu)噴(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.4.8 適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou) 早(zao)(zao)佳(84-24)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)35天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)成(cheng)熟(shu),可(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據運(yun)輸遠近距(ju)離確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)過(guo)(guo)(guo)早(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)晚(wan),以(yi)(yi)(yi)免(mian)影響品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),要(yao)(yao)帶一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放(fang)(fang),裝(zhuang)入專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紙(zhi)箱(xiang),利(li)于(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮。 3.4.9 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)(lu) 為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)夏邑西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),夏邑縣西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)協會制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)并執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規范(fan),各(ge)企業(ye)要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)專人(ren)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)記錄(lu)(lu):生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)點、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)作(zuo),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)名(ming)稱、方式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)名(ming)稱、方式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲、倉儲(chu)、銷售(shou)等(deng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、方式(shi)、數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)有(you)(you)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)、人(ren)員有(you)(you)責任、技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)規程、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)臺賬、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)有(you)(you)記錄(lu)(lu)、售(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)檢測、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)證(zheng)明(ming)、信息有(you)(you)查詢(xun)“八有(you)(you)”質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)了(le)(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
包裝(zhuang)主(zhu)要采取(qu)紙(zhi)(zhi)箱(xiang)。用于產品包裝(zhuang)的(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)箱(xiang)應整(zheng)潔、干燥、牢固(gu)、透氣、無污(wu)染、無異味(wei)、內壁無尖突物,紙(zhi)(zhi)箱(xiang)無潮濕、離層現象,包裝(zhuang)符合國家強制性標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。產品有明確標(biao)簽,內容(rong)包括:產品名(ming)稱、商標(biao)、產品執(zhi)行標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)、生產者(zhe)和詳(xiang)細地址(zhi)、包裝(zhuang)日期,要求字(zi)跡(ji)清晰(xi)、完整(zheng)、準(zhun)(zhun)確。