唐(tang)玄宗(zong)因(yin)病(bing)晝(zhou)臥。夢(meng)一(yi)(yi)大鬼(gui)破帽(mao)藍包、角帶朝(chao)靴,捉小鬼(gui)啖之(zhi)。自稱終南進(jin)士鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui),應(ying)舉不第,觸階(jie)而(er)死(si)。玄宗(zong)夢(meng)覺而(er)疾愈(yu),命(ming)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)家吳道(dao)子(zi)圖其(qi)象。其(qi)說自唐(tang)時始傳,時翰林院例于歲(sui)末進(jin)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)像,皇帝并以之(zhi)賜(si)大臣。民間亦是懸像于門首(shou),謂可驅邪逐鬼(gui)。唐(tang)、宋時掛鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)像多在歲(sui)首(shou),其(qi)后則改在端午(wu)。唐(tang)張說有《謝賜(si)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)表》劉禹(yu)錫有《代(dai)杜相公謝賜(si)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)歷日表》。《新五代(dai)史(shi)·吳越世家》:“歲(sui)除,畫(hua)(hua)(hua)工獻《鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)擊(ji)鬼(gui)圖》。”宋沈括《補筆(bi)談》:“熙寧五年,上令畫(hua)(hua)(hua)工模搨(ta)吳道(dao)子(zi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)像鐫版(ban)。除夜,遣(qian)內供奉(feng)官梁(liang)楷(kai)就東(dong)西(xi)府(fu)給賜(si)。”清顧(gu)祿(lu)《清嘉錄·五月(yue)·掛鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)圖》:“堂中(zhong)掛鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)馗(kui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)圖一(yi)(yi)月(yue),以祛邪魅。”又(you)引吳曼云《江鄉節物詞》小序:“杭俗,鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)士畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像,端午(wu)懸之(zhi)以逐疫。”
終南進士舞龍泉,端午時節壁上懸(xuan)。
仗君辟(pi)邪殲群丑,免得鬼魅擾人間。
《事物(wu)紀原(yuan)》中說:唐(tang)明皇夢小(xiao)鬼喧(xuan)擾,有(you)大鬼捉小(xiao)鬼食之(zhi)。問為誰,對曰臣終南進士鐘馗也(ye)。因應(ying)舉不捷(jie),觸殿階(jie)而死,誓(shi)除天下虛耗妖孽。明皇乃召吳(wu)道子畫(hua)(hua)(hua)鐘馗像供(gong)之(zhi)。后(hou)民(min)間(jian)(jian)亦多供(gong)奉。清李福(fu)有(you)《鐘馗圖》詩:『面目猙獰膽氣(qi)粗,榴(liu)紅蒲碧座懸圖。仗君掃蕩幺(yao)么(me)枝,免使(shi)人(ren)(ren)間(jian)(jian)鬼畫(hua)(hua)(hua)符(fu)。』即描(miao)寫在(zai)端午(wu)時供(gong)鐘馗事。《燕京歲(sui)時記》:『每至端陽市,肆間(jian)(jian)用尺幅黃紙,蓋以朱印,或(huo)繪(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)天師鐘馗之(zhi)像,或(huo)繪(hui)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)五毒符(fu)咒之(zhi)形(xing),懸而售(shou)之(zhi)。都人(ren)(ren)士爭相購買(mai),粘之(zhi)中門,以避祟惡。』