產品介紹
托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)栽培(pei)歷(li)史追(zhui)溯到1000多年左右,1959年,在吐(tu)魯番阿斯他那—哈拉和卓古墓群進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)系列考(kao)古發掘工作中(zhong),考(kao)古學(xue)家(jia)挖(wa)掘發現杏(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此考(kao)古學(xue)家(jia)分析確定在高昌國時(shi)期包括托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)這(zhe)些區域內就已(yi)經開始有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)、食(shi)(shi)用杏(xing)(xing)(xing)等生產活動。據史料記(ji)載,清代至(zhi)民(min)國時(shi)期,托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)群眾(zhong)中(zhong)無(wu)育苗(miao)(miao)習慣(guan),栽植(zhi)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)均是(shi)挖(wa)取野生苗(miao)(miao)培(pei)植(zhi),新(xin)中(zhong)國解放成(cheng)立后(hou),托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)動員群眾(zhong)育苗(miao)(miao),貫徹(che)“自(zi)(zi)采種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、自(zi)(zi)育苗(miao)(miao)、自(zi)(zi)造林(lin)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)方針。國家(jia)、集體和個人育苗(miao)(miao)相結(jie)合培(pei)育苗(miao)(miao)木,滿足托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)造林(lin)所(suo)需各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹(shu)苗(miao)(miao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)村農(nong)(nong)田防護林(lin)中(zhong)最南邊一(yi)行由(you)(you)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)組成(cheng),還(huan)有(you)農(nong)(nong)村家(jia)家(jia)戶(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)房前(qian)屋后(hou)都(dou)有(you)幾(ji)棵杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu),只是(shi)沒(mei)有(you)形成(cheng)如今的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)模,一(yi)直處于(yu)(yu)零散自(zi)(zi)由(you)(you)發展(zhan)狀態。托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)模種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)至(zhi)今已(yi)有(you)90多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)有(you)70%的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)民(min)從事杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產業(ye)。近(jin)年來,由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)縣(xian)委、政(zheng)府(fu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)力(li)發展(zhan)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)基(ji)地(di)(di)建設,又(you)加(jia)之托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)價格的(de)(de)(de)(de)上漲調動了(le)(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)民(min)生產托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)性(xing),托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規(gui)(gui)模快速擴大(da)(da)(da)(da),全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)由(you)(you)原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)房前(qian)屋后(hou)、小面積(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)走向了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)面積(ji)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。目前(qian),全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已(yi)形成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)模,全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)總(zong)面積(ji)已(yi)超過3萬畝,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)(quan)地(di)(di)區乃至(zhi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)疆名(ming)副其實(shi)早(zao)熟杏(xing)(xing)(xing)優(you)勢產區。托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)果面油光、色澤鮮亮、口(kou)感酸甜,極(ji)早(zao)熟,比(bi)小白杏(xing)(xing)(xing)提前(qian)成(cheng)熟7-10天,耐儲運,果仁甜。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)成(cheng)熟極(ji)早(zao)、品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)佳,所(suo)以市場上供不應求,發展(zhan)潛力(li)巨大(da)(da)(da)(da),經濟效(xiao)益明(ming)顯(xian),已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)副其實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)民(min)自(zi)(zi)主產業(ye)。同時(shi),依托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)這(zhe)一(yi)優(you)勢資源,連(lian)年舉辦杏(xing)(xing)(xing)花節(jie)等節(jie)慶活動,以此進(jin)一(yi)步宣傳托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)“中(zhong)國第(di)一(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)早(zao)熟杏(xing)(xing)(xing)園”地(di)(di)域品(pin)(pin)牌(pai),打造海拔零點城的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態旅(lv)游品(pin)(pin)牌(pai),展(zhan)示(shi)歷(li)史、文化、資源、美食(shi)(shi)、民(min)族民(min)俗(su)風情獨特魅力(li),進(jin)一(yi)步擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)縣(xian)旅(lv)游影響力(li),提高知名(ming)度(du)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)好,再加(jia)上品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)效(xiao)應,使全(quan)(quan)(quan)區廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)群眾(zhong)擺脫(tuo)貧困走上了(le)(le)(le)致富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道路,托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產業(ye)業(ye)已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特色支(zhi)柱產業(ye)。
自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷史(shi)因(yin)素
(1)地貌土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)情況:托克遜縣的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)分(fen)為(wei)山地土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)和綠洲(zhou)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)等兩大類,綠洲(zhou)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)潮土(tu)(tu)最(zui)多(duo),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機質含(han)量為(wei)2.7%,全(quan)氮0.076%,全(quan)磷0.064%,速效鉀124 ppm,非常適(shi)合(he)托克遜杏生長。
(2)水(shui)文情(qing)況:托克遜縣的水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源主要(yao)有白楊(yang)河水(shui)系和阿拉溝水(shui)系兩大水(shui)系,水(shui)源以北部博格達峰和西(xi)部高山冰(bing)雪融化(hua)水(shui)為主,用富(fu)含各種(zhong)礦物質元素的無(wu)污(wu)染、水(shui)質好的冰(bing)雪融化(hua)水(shui),賦予(yu)了托克遜杏優質品質,全年水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源總量5.96億方米,年用水(shui)量3.92億方,人(ren)均5050立方米,為綠洲(zhou)灌溉農業發(fa)展提供了重要(yao)條件。
(3)氣(qi)候情況:
①氣(qi)候類型:托克遜縣為暖溫(wen)帶(dai)典型的(de)大陸性干旱少雨荒漠氣(qi)候,風能和光(guang)熱資源得天獨厚(hou),干旱少雨多風、日照時間長,晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)差大對托克遜杏提(ti)高(gao)品質(zhi)質(zhi)量和富含營養提(ti)供了獨特的(de)條件。
②熱量氣溫(wen):托克(ke)遜縣熱量資源豐富,年(nian)均(jun)氣溫(wen)14.5℃,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)日(ri)(ri)較(jiao)差13.6℃,極端最(zui)高氣溫(wen)48℃,極端最(zui)低(di)氣溫(wen)-21.8℃,無霜(shuang)期約(yue)219天(tian),年(nian)有效積溫(wen)6400℃以上,春季升溫(wen)早(zao)而(er)快,秋季降(jiang)溫(wen)晚而(er)慢。年(nian)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)長達3233.5小時。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)率,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時數及(ji)太(tai)陽總輻(fu)射量均(jun)居全國前列(lie),最(zui)適宜(yi)喜光的托克(ke)遜杏(xing)生長。
③降水(shui)(shui)量與蒸發(fa)量:降水(shui)(shui)稀(xi)少(shao)(shao),主要集中在夏季,6、7、8月為(wei)(wei)多,年降水(shui)(shui)量6.3mm,最長(chang)連續無降水(shui)(shui)日數(shu)達315天(tian),年平均蒸發(fa)量為(wei)(wei)3744mm,夏季蒸發(fa)量為(wei)(wei)1381.5占(zhan)全年總(zong)蒸發(fa)量46.1%,托克遜(xun)縣降水(shui)(shui)極少(shao)(shao)、氣候(hou)干(gan)燥、蒸發(fa)強的(de)特殊(shu)氣候(hou)對托克遜(xun)杏生長(chang)最適宜。
地域范圍
托克(ke)遜(xun)縣位于天山(shan)北(bei)(bei)麓的吐哈盆地(di)西端(duan),是(shi)北(bei)(bei)疆(jiang)(jiang)、南(nan)疆(jiang)(jiang)、東(dong)(dong)疆(jiang)(jiang)三疆(jiang)(jiang)交匯之(zhi)地(di),是(shi)出入南(nan)、北(bei)(bei)、東(dong)(dong)疆(jiang)(jiang)的唯(wei)一通道,北(bei)(bei)與烏(wu)魯木齊市,南(nan)與庫爾(er)勒(le)市,東(dong)(dong)與吐魯番(fan)市,西與和(he)(he)靜、和(he)(he)碩縣接壤。曾是(shi)古絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)上(shang)的一個(ge)著名(ming)驛站,椐史料記載:西漢(han)時期西域三十六國(guo)之(zhi)一的“山(shan)國(guo)”就在托克(ke)遜(xun)境內(nei)。托克(ke)遜(xun)杏地(di)理(li)標志地(di)域保(bao)護范(fan)圍包括博斯(si)坦鄉(xiang)(xiang)、伊拉湖鄉(xiang)(xiang)、郭勒(le)布依鄉(xiang)(xiang)、夏(xia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)等四(si)個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang),涉及30個(ge)村(cun)。地(di)理(li)坐標位于:東(dong)(dong)經88°22′~88°57,北(bei)(bei)緯42°40′~42°53′之(zhi)間(jian),平均海拔高(gao)度為45米,保(bao)護范(fan)圍面(mian)積3500公頃(qing),年(nian)產量9000噸(dun)。
品質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)觀特征:托克遜杏(xing)是(shi)本地土(tu)品種(zhong)又稱(cheng)蘇勒坦杏(xing)、屬極(ji)早(zao)熟品種(zhong)、果形呈近圓形、縫(feng)合線(xian)明顯、果個大可達50克左右,果實表面油亮、色澤黃(huang)艷,杏(xing)肉汁(zhi)多肉厚、口(kou)感(gan)酸甜適口(kou)、杏(xing)香(xiang)濃郁、甜仁,耐(nai)運耐(nai)儲。
(2)內在品質指(zhi)標:托克遜杏總糖含(han)量在13.0-15.5(g/100g)之(zhi)間,可溶性固(gu)形物可達14.5-16.5(%),還原性維生素C含(han)量在5.5-7.4(mg/100g)之(zhi)間。