產品介紹
托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)栽培(pei)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)追溯到1000多(duo)年左右,1959年,在吐魯番阿斯他那—哈拉和卓(zhuo)古墓(mu)群進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)系列考(kao)(kao)古發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)工作中,考(kao)(kao)古學家(jia)挖掘(jue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)干,為(wei)此考(kao)(kao)古學家(jia)分析確定在高(gao)昌(chang)國時(shi)期包括托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)這(zhe)些區(qu)域(yu)內就已(yi)(yi)經開(kai)始(shi)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)、食(shi)用(yong)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)活動。據史(shi)(shi)(shi)料記載,清(qing)代至(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)國時(shi)期,托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)群眾中無育苗習(xi)慣,栽植(zhi)(zhi)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹均是(shi)挖取野生(sheng)苗培(pei)植(zhi)(zhi),新中國解放成(cheng)立(li)后(hou)(hou),托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)政府動員群眾育苗,貫(guan)徹“自(zi)采種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、自(zi)育苗、自(zi)造(zao)林”的(de)(de)方(fang)針。國家(jia)、集(ji)體和個人(ren)(ren)育苗相結(jie)合培(pei)育苗木,滿足托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)造(zao)林所需(xu)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹苗,為(wei)此托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)村農(nong)田(tian)防護林中最南邊一(yi)(yi)行(xing)由杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹組成(cheng),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)村家(jia)家(jia)戶(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)房(fang)前屋(wu)后(hou)(hou)都有(you)(you)(you)幾(ji)棵(ke)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹,只是(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)形成(cheng)如今(jin)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo),一(yi)(yi)直處于零散自(zi)由發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)狀態(tai)。托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)今(jin)已(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)90多(duo)年的(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)70%的(de)(de)農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)(min)從事杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)業。近年來(lai),由于縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委、政府大(da)(da)(da)力發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)品牌(pai)(pai)基地(di)建設(she),又加之托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)價格的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)漲調動了(le)(le)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)廣大(da)(da)(da)農(nong)牧(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)積極(ji)(ji)性,托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)快速擴(kuo)(kuo)大(da)(da)(da),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)由原來(lai)的(de)(de)房(fang)前屋(wu)后(hou)(hou)、小面(mian)(mian)積種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)走向(xiang)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)積、大(da)(da)(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。目前,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)(yi)形成(cheng)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)總面(mian)(mian)積已(yi)(yi)超(chao)過3萬畝,成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)(le)全(quan)地(di)區(qu)乃至(zhi)全(quan)疆名副其實早熟(shu)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)優勢產(chan)(chan)區(qu)。托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)面(mian)(mian)油光、色(se)(se)澤(ze)鮮(xian)亮、口感酸甜(tian),極(ji)(ji)早熟(shu),比小白杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)提前成(cheng)熟(shu)7-10天,耐(nai)儲(chu)運,果(guo)仁甜(tian)。由于成(cheng)熟(shu)極(ji)(ji)早、品質佳,所以市場(chang)上(shang)(shang)供不應求,發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)潛力巨大(da)(da)(da),經濟效益明顯(xian),已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)名副其實的(de)(de)富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)主產(chan)(chan)業。同時(shi),依托(tuo)(tuo)托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)優勢資(zi)源,連年舉辦杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)花節等節慶活動,以此進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)宣傳(chuan)托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)“中國第一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)早熟(shu)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)園”地(di)域(yu)品牌(pai)(pai),打造(zao)海拔零點城的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)旅游品牌(pai)(pai),展(zhan)示歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)、文(wen)化、資(zi)源、美食(shi)、民(min)(min)(min)族民(min)(min)(min)俗風情(qing)獨特魅力,進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)擴(kuo)(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)旅游影響力,提高(gao)知(zhi)名度(du)。由于托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)品質好(hao),再加上(shang)(shang)品牌(pai)(pai)效應,使全(quan)區(qu)廣大(da)(da)(da)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)群眾擺(bai)脫貧困(kun)走上(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)致富(fu)的(de)(de)道路,托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)(ke)遜(xun)(xun)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)業業已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)特色(se)(se)支柱(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業。
自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史因素(su)
(1)地(di)貌(mao)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)情況:托(tuo)克遜縣的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)分為山地(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)和綠(lv)洲(zhou)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)等(deng)兩(liang)大(da)類,綠(lv)洲(zhou)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)潮土(tu)(tu)最多,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機質含量(liang)為2.7%,全(quan)氮(dan)0.076%,全(quan)磷(lin)0.064%,速效鉀124 ppm,非常(chang)適(shi)合(he)托(tuo)克遜杏(xing)生長。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:托克(ke)遜(xun)縣的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)要有(you)白楊河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和阿拉溝水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)兩(liang)大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)以北部博格(ge)達峰(feng)和西部高山冰雪(xue)融化水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),用富(fu)含各(ge)種礦物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元素(su)的無污染、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好的冰雪(xue)融化水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),賦予了托克(ke)遜(xun)杏(xing)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),全(quan)年水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)總量5.96億方(fang)米,年用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量3.92億方(fang),人均5050立方(fang)米,為(wei)(wei)綠洲灌溉農業發展提供了重要條(tiao)件。
(3)氣候情況:
①氣(qi)(qi)候類型:托(tuo)克遜縣為(wei)暖溫帶典型的大陸性(xing)干旱(han)少雨荒漠氣(qi)(qi)候,風能和光(guang)熱(re)資(zi)源(yuan)得(de)天獨(du)厚,干旱(han)少雨多(duo)風、日(ri)照時間長,晝夜溫差大對托(tuo)克遜杏提高品質質量和富含營養提供(gong)了獨(du)特的條件。
②熱量(liang)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen):托克遜縣熱量(liang)資源(yuan)豐富,年均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.5℃,年平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)日較(jiao)差13.6℃,極端(duan)最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)48℃,極端(duan)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-21.8℃,無(wu)霜(shuang)期約(yue)219天,年有(you)效(xiao)積溫(wen)6400℃以上,春季升溫(wen)早而快,秋季降(jiang)溫(wen)晚(wan)而慢(man)。年日照平均(jun)(jun)長達3233.5小時。年平均(jun)(jun)日照率,年平均(jun)(jun)日照時數及太陽總輻(fu)射量(liang)均(jun)(jun)居(ju)全國前列,最(zui)適宜(yi)喜光的托克遜杏生長。
③降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)與蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang):降(jiang)水(shui)稀少,主要集中在夏季(ji),6、7、8月為(wei)多,年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)6.3mm,最(zui)(zui)長(chang)(chang)連續無(wu)降(jiang)水(shui)日(ri)數(shu)達315天,年(nian)(nian)平均蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)為(wei)3744mm,夏季(ji)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)為(wei)1381.5占全年(nian)(nian)總蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)46.1%,托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)遜縣降(jiang)水(shui)極少、氣候干燥、蒸(zheng)發(fa)強的特殊氣候對托(tuo)(tuo)克(ke)遜杏生長(chang)(chang)最(zui)(zui)適宜。
地域范圍
托克(ke)遜縣(xian)(xian)位于天(tian)山(shan)北麓的(de)吐哈(ha)盆地西(xi)(xi)端,是北疆、南(nan)疆、東(dong)(dong)(dong)疆三疆交匯(hui)之(zhi)地,是出入南(nan)、北、東(dong)(dong)(dong)疆的(de)唯一通道(dao),北與烏魯木(mu)齊市(shi),南(nan)與庫爾勒(le)市(shi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)與吐魯番市(shi),西(xi)(xi)與和靜、和碩縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤。曾是古絲綢之(zhi)路上的(de)一個(ge)著名驛站(zhan),椐史料記載:西(xi)(xi)漢時期(qi)西(xi)(xi)域三十六國(guo)之(zhi)一的(de)“山(shan)國(guo)”就在托克(ke)遜境內。托克(ke)遜杏地理標(biao)志地域保護范(fan)圍(wei)包括博斯坦(tan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、伊拉湖鄉(xiang)(xiang)、郭勒(le)布(bu)依鄉(xiang)(xiang)、夏鄉(xiang)(xiang)等四個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang),涉及30個(ge)村。地理坐標(biao)位于:東(dong)(dong)(dong)經88°22′~88°57,北緯(wei)42°40′~42°53′之(zhi)間,平均海(hai)拔(ba)高度為45米,保護范(fan)圍(wei)面積3500公(gong)頃,年(nian)產量9000噸(dun)。
品質特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感觀特征:托(tuo)克(ke)遜杏是本地土品種(zhong)(zhong)又稱蘇勒(le)坦杏、屬極早熟品種(zhong)(zhong)、果形呈(cheng)近(jin)圓形、縫合線明顯、果個大(da)可達50克(ke)左右,果實(shi)表(biao)面(mian)油亮、色澤黃艷,杏肉(rou)汁(zhi)多肉(rou)厚(hou)、口感酸甜適口、杏香(xiang)濃郁(yu)、甜仁,耐(nai)運耐(nai)儲。
(2)內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標:托克(ke)遜杏總糖含(han)量在(zai)13.0-15.5(g/100g)之(zhi)間,可(ke)溶性固形物可(ke)達14.5-16.5(%),還原性維(wei)生素C含(han)量在(zai)5.5-7.4(mg/100g)之(zhi)間。