一、荊芥穗和荊芥的區別
荊(jing)(jing)芥穗(sui)(sui)為(wei)唇形(xing)科植(zhi)物(wu)荊(jing)(jing)芥的花穗(sui)(sui),為(wei)穗(sui)(sui)狀(zhuang)輪傘花序,長(chang)約0.5cm,不(bu)規則小(xiao)段。花冠多脫落,宿萼鐘(zhong)狀(zhuang),先端5齒裂,淡棕(zong)色(se)或黃綠色(se),被短柔毛。小(xiao)堅果棕(zong)黑色(se)。氣(qi)芳香,味微(wei)澀而涼。
二、荊芥穗的功效
荊(jing)(jing)芥(jie)有(you)(you)發汗(han)解表作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),且有(you)(you)祛風(feng)功效。荊(jing)(jing)芥(jie)穗(sui)效用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相同(tong)(tong)(tong),惟(wei)發散(san)之力較強。荊(jing)(jing)芥(jie)主要治(zhi)療(liao)感冒(mao)風(feng)寒,發熱(re)(re)惡寒、無(wu)汗(han)、頭痛、身痛等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥(zheng),常(chang)與防風(feng)相需為用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。但(dan)也可(ke)(ke)配(pei)(pei)(pei)辛(xin)涼解表藥(yao)或清熱(re)(re)解毒藥(yao)治(zhi)療(liao)感冒(mao)風(feng)熱(re)(re)、發熱(re)(re)惡寒、目赤咽痛等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥(zheng),如薄荷、菊花、桑葉、銀(yin)花等(deng)(deng)(deng)。荊(jing)(jing)芥(jie)有(you)(you)辛(xin)散(san)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能助麻疹(zhen)透發,常(chang)與薄荷、蟬衣、牛蒡子等(deng)(deng)(deng)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。荊(jing)(jing)芥(jie)又常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)瘡(chuang)瘍初(chu)起有(you)(you)表癥(zheng)者(zhe),可(ke)(ke)配(pei)(pei)(pei)伍防風(feng)、銀(yin)花、連翹、赤芍(shao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),既退寒熱(re)(re),又消癰腫(zhong)。荊(jing)(jing)芥(jie)炒炭應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),有(you)(you)入血(xue)分(fen)而止血(xue)的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)便(bian)血(xue)、崩漏等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥(zheng),在(zai)臨(lin)床上常(chang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合其它止血(xue)藥(yao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
三、荊芥穗的作用
1、荊(jing)芥穗治痔(zhi)漏腫痛:荊(jing)芥煮湯,日日洗之(zhi)。(《簡便單方》)
2、荊(jing)芥(jie)穗治小便尿血(xue):荊(jing)芥(jie)、縮砂(sha),等分。為(wei)末。糯米飲下三(san)錢日(ri)三(san)服。(《瀕湖集簡方》)
3、荊芥(jie)(jie)穗(sui)治一(yi)切瘡疥:荊芥(jie)(jie)、金銀花、土茯(fu)苓(ling),等分。為末,熟地黃(huang)熬膏為丸(wan)(wan),梧子大。每(mei)旦、晚各服百丸(wan)(wan),茶酒任下。(《本草(cao)匯言》)
4、荊(jing)芥穗治腳椏濕爛:荊(jing)芥葉搗(dao)敷(fu)之(zhi)。(《簡便單方》)
5、荊(jing)芥穗治(zhi)一(yi)切(qie)風(feng),口眼偏斜(xie):青(qing)荊(jing)芥一(yi)斤(jin),青(qing)薄荷一(yi)斤(jin)。一(yi)處砂盆內研,生絹(juan)絞汁于磁器內,煎成膏(gao);余滓(zi)三分(fen),去一(yi)分(fen),將二分(fen)滓(zi)日干(gan)為(wei)末(mo),以膏(gao)和為(wei)丸(wan),如梧桐(tong)子(zi)大。每(mei)服(fu)(fu)二十丸(wan),早至暮可三服(fu)(fu)。忌動風(feng)物。(《經(jing)驗后(hou)方》)
6、荊芥穗治大便(bian)下血:荊芥二(er)兩(liang),槐花一兩(liang)。炒(chao)紫為末。每服三錢,清茶送(song)下。(《簡(jian)便(bian)單(dan)方》)
7、荊(jing)芥穗治風熱肺(fei)壅,咽喉腫痛(tong),語聲不出,或如有物哽(geng):荊(jing)芥穗半兩(liang),桔梗(geng)二(er)兩(liang),甘草(炙)一(yi)兩(liang)。上為粗末(mo)。每(mei)服四(si)錢(qian),水一(yi)盞(zhan),姜三片,煎六(liu)分,去渣,食后溫服。(《局方》荊(jing)芥湯)