一、荊芥穗和荊芥的區別
荊(jing)芥穗為唇形科植(zhi)物荊(jing)芥的花(hua)(hua)穗,為穗狀輪傘(san)花(hua)(hua)序,長約0.5cm,不規則小段。花(hua)(hua)冠多脫落,宿萼鐘(zhong)狀,先端5齒裂,淡棕色(se)或黃綠色(se),被短柔(rou)毛。小堅果棕黑色(se)。氣(qi)芳香(xiang),味微(wei)澀而涼。
二、荊芥穗的功效
荊(jing)芥(jie)有(you)發汗解(jie)(jie)表作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),且有(you)祛風(feng)(feng)功(gong)效(xiao)。荊(jing)芥(jie)穗效(xiao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相同(tong),惟(wei)發散(san)之力較強(qiang)。荊(jing)芥(jie)主要治(zhi)療感(gan)冒(mao)風(feng)(feng)寒(han),發熱惡寒(han)、無汗、頭痛(tong)、身(shen)痛(tong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥(zheng),常與(yu)防(fang)(fang)風(feng)(feng)相需為(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。但(dan)也可(ke)配(pei)(pei)辛涼解(jie)(jie)表藥或清熱解(jie)(jie)毒藥治(zhi)療感(gan)冒(mao)風(feng)(feng)熱、發熱惡寒(han)、目(mu)赤咽痛(tong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥(zheng),如薄(bo)荷(he)、菊花、桑葉(xie)、銀(yin)花等(deng)(deng)(deng)。荊(jing)芥(jie)有(you)辛散(san)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能助(zhu)麻疹透(tou)發,常與(yu)薄(bo)荷(he)、蟬衣(yi)、牛蒡子等(deng)(deng)(deng)配(pei)(pei)合應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。荊(jing)芥(jie)又(you)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于瘡瘍(yang)初起有(you)表癥(zheng)者(zhe),可(ke)配(pei)(pei)伍防(fang)(fang)風(feng)(feng)、銀(yin)花、連翹、赤芍(shao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)同(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),既退寒(han)熱,又(you)消癰腫。荊(jing)芥(jie)炒炭應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),有(you)入血分而止血的作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于便血、崩漏等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥(zheng),在臨(lin)床上常配(pei)(pei)合其它止血藥同(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
三、荊芥穗的作用
1、荊芥穗(sui)治痔漏腫痛:荊芥煮湯,日(ri)(ri)日(ri)(ri)洗之(zhi)。(《簡(jian)便單方》)
2、荊芥(jie)穗治小便(bian)尿血(xue):荊芥(jie)、縮砂(sha),等(deng)分。為末。糯米飲(yin)下三錢日三服。(《瀕湖集簡方》)
3、荊芥(jie)穗治一(yi)切瘡(chuang)疥:荊芥(jie)、金銀花、土茯苓,等分。為(wei)末,熟地黃熬(ao)膏為(wei)丸,梧子大。每旦、晚各服百丸,茶酒任下(xia)。(《本草(cao)匯言》)
4、荊(jing)芥(jie)穗治腳(jiao)椏濕爛:荊(jing)芥(jie)葉搗(dao)敷之。(《簡便(bian)單方》)
5、荊芥穗治(zhi)一(yi)(yi)切風,口眼偏(pian)斜:青荊芥一(yi)(yi)斤,青薄荷一(yi)(yi)斤。一(yi)(yi)處(chu)砂盆內(nei)研,生絹絞汁(zhi)于磁器內(nei),煎(jian)成膏(gao);余滓三(san)分,去一(yi)(yi)分,將二分滓日干為末,以膏(gao)和(he)為丸(wan),如梧桐子大。每(mei)服(fu)(fu)二十丸(wan),早(zao)至暮(mu)可三(san)服(fu)(fu)。忌動風物(wu)。(《經驗后方》)
6、荊芥穗治大便(bian)下血:荊芥二(er)兩,槐(huai)花一兩。炒紫(zi)為末。每服(fu)三錢,清茶送下。(《簡便(bian)單方》)
7、荊(jing)(jing)芥(jie)穗(sui)治風熱肺壅,咽喉腫(zhong)痛,語聲不出(chu),或如有(you)物哽:荊(jing)(jing)芥(jie)穗(sui)半兩,桔梗(geng)二(er)兩,甘草(炙)一(yi)兩。上為粗末。每服四錢,水一(yi)盞,姜三片,煎(jian)六分,去(qu)渣,食(shi)后溫服。(《局方(fang)》荊(jing)(jing)芥(jie)湯)