【汽車(che)蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)】汽車(che)蓄電(dian)池怎么充電(dian) 汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液比重降(jiang)至1.2以(yi)下(xia)；冬季放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)超(chao)過25%；夏季放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)超(chao)過50%；燈光(guang)暗淡；啟動無力時(shi)應進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有的車(che)主認為，快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可以(yi)節省時(shi)間，只需要3-5個小時(shi)。其(qi)實不(bu)然(ran)，快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只是迅速(su)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表(biao)面激活，而實際上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部是沒(mei)有 完全充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的行(xing)駛性能(neng)。雖說充電是個相當簡單的操作，但也有一些(xie)注意事項：

向鉛酸電池充電時，要穿上保護衣。

充電時，蓄電池附近不能有火花，禁止抽煙(yan)。

對(dui)一個或對(dui)多個蓄電池并聯充電時，充電器電壓不要超過16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當(dang)今汽車上的(de)電(dian)(dian)動設備越(yue)來越(yue)多，車主(zhu)在(zai)使用這些電(dian)(dian)動設備時，盡量不要(yao)讓蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)超(chao)負荷(he)工(gong)作。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)超(chao)負荷(he)工(gong)作會減少蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命。掌(zhang)握正確的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)方法很(hen)重要(yao)。

首先將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正極(ji)接電(dian)(dian)源正極(ji)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)負(fu)極(ji)接電(dian)(dian)源負(fu)極(ji)。

初(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爭(zheng)兩個(ge)階段進行：首先用初(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)放出(chu)氣泡(pao)，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升到2.3~2.4V為止。然后將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)降為1/2初(chu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，繼(ji)續(xu)充(chong)(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)放出(chu)劇烈的氣泡(pao)，比征和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓連續(xu)3h穩(wen)定不(bu)變為止。全部充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間約為45~65h。

充(chong)電過程中應(ying)常測量電解液溫度用電流減半、停止充(chong)電或冷卻(que)的方法，將(jiang)溫度控制(zhi)在35~40℃，初充(chong)電完(wan)畢(bi)時，若電解液比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不合(he)規(gui)定，應(ying)用蒸餾(liu)水或比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為1.4的電解液進行調整(zheng)。調整(zheng)后再充(chong)電2h，直(zhi)至比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)符(fu)合(he)規(gui)定時為止。

提示:蓄電(dian)池一般(ban)二、三年更換一次。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充(chong)電過量(liang)，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后再(zai)用。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕駛(shi)員常忽視對在(zai)(zai)用(yong)車(che)(che)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的補(bu)充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)車(che)(che)上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)徹底，易造成極板(ban)硫(liu)化；同時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)中充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是(shi)不(bu)平衡的，倘若(ruo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)長期(qi)處于(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)極板(ban)就會慢(man)慢(man)硫(liu)化。這種慢(man)性硫(liu)化，會使(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)不(bu)斷降(jiang)低(di)，直到(dao)起動無力，大(da)大(da)縮短蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命。為(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)極板(ban)上的活(huo)性物質(zhi)及(ji)時(shi)得到(dao)還(huan)原，減少極板(ban)硫(liu)化，提(ti)高(gao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量(liang)，延長其使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命，對在(zai)(zai)用(yong)車(che)(che)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)應(ying)定期(qi)進(jin)行補(bu)充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄電(dian)池(chi)經常過量充電(dian)，即使充電(dian)電(dian)流不大，但電(dian)解液(ye)長時間“沸(fei)騰”，除了活性物質表(biao)面的細小顆粒易(yi)于脫(tuo)落外(wai)，還會使柵架過分(fen)氧化，造成(cheng)活性物質與(yu)柵架松散(san)剝離。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成蓄(xu)電池(chi)電荷(he)容量不(bu)足，不(bu)能正常工(gong)作，甚(shen)至導致蓄(xu)電池(chi)報廢。因此，充(chong)電時一定要注(zhu)意極(ji)性，切(qie)不(bu)可極(ji)性充(chong)反。