滇(dian)劇(ju)(ju)是(shi)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)漢(han)(han)族(zu)(zu)戲(xi)(xi)曲(qu)劇(ju)(ju)種(zhong)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。絲弦（源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)較(jiao)早的(de)秦腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)）、襄陽（源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)漢(han)(han)調(diao)襄河(he)派）、胡(hu)琴(qin)（源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)調(diao)）等聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)于(yu)(yu)明末(mo)至清(qing)乾隆年(nian)間(jian)先(xian)(xian)后傳(chuan)入云(yun)南(nan)(nan)而逐(zhu)漸發展形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，流行于(yu)(yu)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)九十多個(ge)縣市的(de)廣大地區和四(si)川、貴州的(de)部分地區。滇(dian)劇(ju)(ju)的(de)表演藝(yi)術(shu)繼承(cheng)和吸收(shou)了(le)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)、漢(han)(han)、秦腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)等劇(ju)(ju)種(zhong)。滇(dian)劇(ju)(ju)是(shi)戲(xi)(xi)曲(qu)劇(ju)(ju)種(zhong)。滇(dian)劇(ju)(ju)包括(kuo)絲弦、襄陽、胡(hu)琴(qin)等3種(zhong)聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和部分。雜(za)調(diao)于(yu)(yu)明末(mo)至清(qing)乾隆年(nian)間(jian)先(xian)(xian)后傳(chuan)入云(yun)南(nan)(nan)而逐(zhu)漸發展形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，逐(zhu)漸吸收(shou)當(dang)地民間(jian)藝(yi)術(shu)，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)具有自(zi)己特色的(de)漢(han)(han)族(zu)(zu)戲(xi)(xi)曲(qu)劇(ju)(ju)種(zhong)。滇(dian)劇(ju)(ju)的(de)絲弦、胡(hu)琴(qin)、襄陽三(san)大聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和一(yi)(yi)些(xie)雜(za)調(diao)，都來(lai)源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)省(sheng)(sheng)外(wai)傳(chuan)人(ren)的(de)戲(xi)(xi)曲(qu)聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)：絲弦源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)秦腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，胡(hu)琴(qin)源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)由腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)演變成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)調(diao)，襄陽源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)楚(chu)調(diao)(辛(xin)亥革(ge)命(ming)后改稱漢(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju))，三(san)種(zhong)聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，傳(chuan)入云(yun)南(nan)(nan)后，結(jie)合云(yun)南(nan)(nan)的(de)方言語音和風土人(ren)情、民間(jian)音樂，變化形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)滇(dian)劇(ju)(ju)的(de)三(san)大聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。此外(wai)，滇(dian)劇(ju)(ju)的(de)昆(kun)頭子、昆(kun)倒(dao)板之(zhi)類，同(tong)昆(kun)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)有關(guan)(guan)，而平板、架(jia)橋、人(ren)參調(diao)、安慶調(diao)等，則同(tong)吹腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(又(you)名石牌腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang))有淵源(yuan)關(guan)(guan)系。這些(xie)聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)在云(yun)南(nan)(nan)戲(xi)(xi)劇(ju)(ju)舞臺上融匯就形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)滇(dian)劇(ju)(ju)。

一.滇劇的歷史起源

滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)是絲(si)弦(xian)（源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)較早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)秦腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)）、襄(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)（源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)漢調(diao)(diao)襄(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)河派）、胡(hu)琴(qin)（源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)徽調(diao)(diao)）等聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)于(yu)(yu)明末(mo)至(zhi)清(qing)乾(qian)隆年間先后傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)云南(nan)而(er)逐(zhu)漸發展形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，流(liu)行于(yu)(yu)云南(nan)九十多個縣市的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)大地(di)區和四川、貴州的(de)(de)(de)部分地(di)區。滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)是戲曲(qu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)種。滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)包括絲(si)弦(xian)、襄(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)、胡(hu)琴(qin)等3種聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和部分。雜調(diao)(diao)于(yu)(yu)明末(mo)至(zhi)清(qing)乾(qian)隆年間先后傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)云南(nan)而(er)逐(zhu)漸發展形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，逐(zhu)漸吸收當(dang)地(di)民(min)間藝術，形(xing)成(cheng)具有自己(ji)特色的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方戲曲(qu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)種。滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)絲(si)弦(xian)、胡(hu)琴(qin)、襄(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)三(san)大聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和一些雜調(diao)(diao)，都(dou)來源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)省(sheng)外傳(chuan)(chuan)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)戲曲(qu)聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)：絲(si)弦(xian)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)秦腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，胡(hu)琴(qin)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)由(you)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)演變成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)徽調(diao)(diao)，襄(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)楚調(diao)(diao)(辛(xin)亥革命后改稱漢劇(ju)(ju)(ju))，三(san)種聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)云南(nan)后，結(jie)合云南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)方言語音和風(feng)土人(ren)情(qing)、民(min)間音樂，變化形(xing)成(cheng)了滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)大聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。此外，滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)昆(kun)頭子、昆(kun)倒(dao)板(ban)之類，同(tong)昆(kun)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)有關，而(er)平板(ban)、架橋、人(ren)參(can)調(diao)(diao)、安慶調(diao)(diao)等，則同(tong)吹(chui)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(又名石(shi)牌腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang))有淵源(yuan)(yuan)關系。這些聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)在云南(nan)戲劇(ju)(ju)(ju)舞(wu)臺上融匯就形(xing)成(cheng)了滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)。

滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，已(yi)經歷了(le)(le)(le)清代(dai)、辛(xin)亥革(ge)命時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、民國時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)和新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)國成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)以后(hou)(hou)幾(ji)個階段(duan)。清代(dai)，是(shi)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)孕育、形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發展(zhan)到(dao)逐(zhu)步興盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，繼前邊提到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3個滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)班子之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)， 又出(chu)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)泰洪、慶(qing)壽、福(fu)升(sheng)等(deng)戲(xi)班，曲靖(jing)地(di)區也(ye)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)玉林班。到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)光緒年(nian)(nian)間(jian)，滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)已(yi)經比較(jiao)興盛。不僅(jin)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)職業(ye)戲(xi)班，農村中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些業(ye)余滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)戲(xi)班子也(ye)紛紛成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)。辛(xin)亥革(ge)命時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)逐(zhu)步建(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)戲(xi)園(yuan)，蒙自(zi)、個舊(jiu)、東川等(deng)地(di)也(ye)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)戲(xi)園(yuan)。辛(xin)亥革(ge)命后(hou)(hou)，業(ye)余滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)梁星周(zhou)、葉少(shao)莊等(deng)搜集了(le)(le)(le)200多出(chu)小戲(xi)，印(yin)刷經銷，流傳(chuan)較(jiao)廣。民國時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)由(you)興盛逐(zhu)步走向(xiang)衰(shuai)落。特別(bie)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)抗日(ri)戰(zhan)爭期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)，反動軍(jun)官楊(yang)據(ju)之(zhi)對藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)抓、打、關、罵，進(jin)行人(ren)身侮辱(ru)，許(xu)多藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)被迫流離失所(suo)，逃奔外鄉。楊(yang)據(ju)之(zhi)還搞來一些青(qing)年(nian)(nian)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)科班，大肆演出(chu)宣揚封(feng)建(jian)(jian)迷信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目(mu)。由(you)于反動派的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摧殘，到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)國成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)前夕，滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)已(yi)瀕臨(lin)絕境。據(ju)云南省戲(xi)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)家(jia)協會(hui)副(fu)主席兼(jian)秘書長喬嘉瑞介(jie)紹，新(xin)(xin)中(zhong)國建(jian)(jian)立(li)以后(hou)(hou)，經過(guo)“改(gai)人(ren)、改(gai)戲(xi)、改(gai)制(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3改(gai)活(huo)(huo)動，省和許(xu)多地(di)、州、市、縣都建(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)國營滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團。1950年(nian)(nian)，省里成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)實(shi)驗滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團，1953年(nian)(nian)改(gai)為(wei)省滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團，1960年(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)省滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院。在這(zhe)段(duan)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，很(hen)(hen)多優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)科大學畢(bi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)被分配到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團，記錄、整理了(le)(le)(le)一批(pi)又一批(pi)傳(chuan)統劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目(mu)，劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團和省文(wen)藝(yi)(yi)學校先(xian)后(hou)(hou)招收和培(pei)養了(le)(le)(le)數百名滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)演員及(ji)編導、音(yin)樂(le)、舞(wu)美人(ren)才，大大充實(shi)了(le)(le)(le)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)力量(liang)。滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)獲得(de)了(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)和迅速發展(zhan)。任(ren)何事物都有(you)興盛和衰(shuai)敗，到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)末，大家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)水平(ping)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)很(hen)(hen)大提高，精神方(fang)面有(you)了(le)(le)(le)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求，滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)在各種文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊下也(ye)有(you)了(le)(le)(le)衰(shuai)敗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跡象(xiang)。雖然滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)具有(you)很(hen)(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)形態(tai)，講(jiang)究“四功(gong)五法、唱念(nian)坐打”，具有(you)“雅俗共賞、古今(jin)同(tong)趣(qu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)趣(qu)，但(dan)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)在一定程(cheng)度上需要(yao)“解(jie)碼”，一個完全不懂(dong)古老(lao)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)種文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)，剛接觸時(shi)會(hui)有(you)摸不著頭(tou)腦(nao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)覺，新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)一代(dai)難免會(hui)被更(geng)(geng)易于接受、更(geng)(geng)有(you)娛樂(le)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東西(xi)吸(xi)引。90年(nian)(nian)代(dai)后(hou)(hou)提出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)精神文(wen)明重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)設，文(wen)化如水、潤(run)物無聲，古老(lao)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)種需要(yao)保護(hu)，“文(wen)華獎”、“梅花獎”等(deng)各種獎項的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設立(li)保護(hu)了(le)(le)(le)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。這(zhe)次舉辦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)花燈藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)周(zhou)也(ye)促(cu)進(jin)了(le)(le)(le)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)花燈等(deng)地(di)方(fang)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振興。

二.滇劇藝術特點

滇劇的(de)(de)(de)表演(yan)藝術繼承和(he)吸(xi)收了徽、漢、秦腔等(deng)劇種。云南是多民族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)省份，向有(you)“民族(zu)藝術海洋”之(zhi)稱，滇劇在發展過程中(zhong)(zhong)，長(chang)期(qi)在農(nong)村草臺演(yan)出，吸(xi)收了民間藝術，具(ju)有(you)民族(zu)鄉土特色(se)。不(bu)少名(ming)藝人(ren)都有(you)自己的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)招，如李少白飾(shi)《審潘(pan)洪》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)潘(pan)洪，能通過頭上紗帽的(de)(de)(de)高低移位(wei)，表現(xian)出潘(pan)洪驚悸(ji)、焦急(ji)的(de)(de)(de)復雜心情；花臉卜金山(shan)在《梅花簪》中(zhong)(zhong)飾(shi)禁子(zi)，只用一個(ge)鎖(suo)(suo)牢(lao)門的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作，使(shi)觀眾似乎聽(ting)見(jian)鎖(suo)(suo)簧入鎖(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)聲音，從(cong)而(er)表現(xian)了他對犯人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)情和(he)對官府的(de)(de)(de)憤恨；又如名(ming)須生栗成之(zhi)，他所扮演(yan)的(de)(de)(de)《清風亭》中(zhong)(zhong)忠厚老實的(de)(de)(de)張元秀，《馬房失火》中(zhong)(zhong)機智沉著的(de)(de)(de)白槐，《四進士》中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)畏權(quan)勢的(de)(de)(de)宋士杰等(deng)角色(se)，個(ge)個(ge)栩栩如生。尤其(qi)是《七星燈》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)孔明，唱工(gong)相(xiang)當吃重,為了表現(xian)他鞠躬盡瘁,死(si)而(er)后已的(de)(de)(de)精神(shen)，必(bi)須越唱越衰(shuai)，而(er)身衰(shuai)心不(bu)衰(shuai)，栗成之(zhi)都表演(yan)得(de)恰(qia)到好處，被(bei)譽為“滇劇泰斗”。

滇劇的(de)表(biao)演(yan)善(shan)于刻畫人(ren)(ren)物和富(fu)于生活氣息，如(ru)《牛皋扯旨》中的(de)牛皋與陸文(wen)亮，《烤火下山》中的(de)倪駿與尹碧蓮，都是通(tong)(tong)過(guo)具有豐富(fu)生活內(nei)容的(de)動作，表(biao)現出人(ren)(ren)物矛盾的(de)過(guo)程，體(ti)現角色的(de)思(si)想感情。另一特點是語言生動，通(tong)(tong)俗流暢，具有漢(han)族(zu)民(min)間歌謠(yao)的(de)風(feng)格，如(ru)《秦香(xiang)蓮》一劇中的(de)許(xu)多唱(chang)詞。

三.滇劇的劇種分類

1.宜良滇劇

昆明市宜(yi)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)縣滇劇(ju)(ju)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)代較(jiao)早。據(ju)《曲(qu)靖地(di)區(qu)戲(xi)曲(qu)志(zhi)》記載，清(qing)末民(min)初，宜(yi)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)縣就(jiu)有(you)陳維純組(zu)建的(de)(de)(de)滇劇(ju)(ju)班(ban)子，主要演(yan)(yan)折(zhe)子戲(xi)，也演(yan)(yan)出(chu)根據(ju)地(di)方民(min)間(jian)(jian)故事改編的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)綱戲(xi)。由于(yu)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)活(huo)動較(jiao)頻繁，就(jiu)在當地(di)培(pei)養了(le)一(yi)(yi)大批(pi)滇劇(ju)(ju)藝人。1953年(nian)(nian)，宜(yi)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)成(cheng)立(li)了(le)“協(xie)興滇劇(ju)(ju)社(she)”，把一(yi)(yi)些分散(san)在民(min)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)滇劇(ju)(ju)藝人吸收(shou)入社(she)。1955年(nian)(nian)，宜(yi)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)滇劇(ju)(ju)班(ban)子合(he)并于(yu)曲(qu)靖地(di)區(qu)滇劇(ju)(ju)團，在宜(yi)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)成(cheng)立(li)了(le)曲(qu)靖地(di)區(qu)滇劇(ju)(ju)團一(yi)(yi)隊。1959年(nian)(nian)，宜(yi)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在滇劇(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)隊的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上成(cheng)立(li)了(le)宜(yi)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)縣滇劇(ju)(ju)團，云南省著名滇劇(ju)(ju)演(yan)(yan)員彭國珍(zhen)、竹八(ba)音、小(xiao)八(ba)音、戚少斌(bin)及琴(qin)師殷質泰等都曾是該(gai)團早期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)骨干。

1967年，宜良縣滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)團(tuan)解散(san)。1979年，以宜良縣文藝宣傳隊為基礎恢復(fu)了滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)團(tuan)，不(bu)但招回了一(yi)部分(fen)滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)老藝人，還吸收(shou)了一(yi)批(pi)年輕演員，演出(chu)了滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)連臺本戲《貍(li)貓(mao)換太子(zi)》、《七俠五義》、《三姐下凡》、《楊家將》、《樊(fan)梨花》等(deng)，觀(guan)眾十(shi)分(fen)踴(yong)躍，滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)演出(chu)日(ri)益興盛(sheng)。1975年后(hou)，宜良縣滇(dian)(dian)劇(ju)團(tuan)創作了歷(li)史(shi)劇(ju)《天(tian)波潮》、《穿袈裟(sha)的軍人》等(deng)劇(ju)目(mu)，參加曲(qu)靖地區文藝匯(hui)演并(bing)獲(huo)獎。后(hou)來又(you)創作了民間故(gu)事劇(ju)《兔仙救龍記》、現代(dai)劇(ju)《野菊花》、《綠林新傳奇》等(deng)劇(ju)目(mu)，在昆明戲劇(ju)匯(hui)演中均獲(huo)獎。

2.鳳慶滇劇

臨滄市鳳(feng)慶(qing)(qing)縣(xian)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)歷史(shi)悠久，有史(shi)可考的(de)(de)最(zui)早傳(chuan)(chuan)入時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)清(qing)光(guang)緒三十二年(nian)（1906年(nian)），劉金玉的(de)(de)“天慶(qing)(qing)班(ban)”到該地(di)演(yan)出(chu)(chu)，受到當地(di)群眾的(de)(de)喜愛，后產生了(le)一批滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)票友。一些地(di)方官(guan)紳(shen)等籌(chou)款(kuan)建戲(xi)臺購戲(xi)裝，組織演(yan)出(chu)(chu)，并(bing)不斷邀(yao)請滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)班(ban)和著(zhu)名演(yan)員演(yan)出(chu)(chu)了(le)許多(duo)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目(mu)，滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)在鳳(feng)慶(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)演(yan)出(chu)(chu)活動(dong)影響增大，流布更(geng)廣(guang)。在此過(guo)程(cheng)中產生了(le)一批有一定造(zao)詣的(de)(de)當地(di)票友，生、旦、凈(jing)、丑都有，有的(de)(de)還搭班(ban)下海，以演(yan)出(chu)(chu)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)為(wei)生。1933年(nian)成立第一個業余滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)社“尚友社”，所演(yan)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)本大多(duo)為(wei)1935年(nian)由(you)務本堂(tang)、云(yun)南(nan)大新書店、瑞華書局出(chu)(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)《滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)大觀(guan)》、《新滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)》、《滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)曲譜(pu)》等，并(bing)移(yi)植了(le)一些川(chuan)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目(mu)。抗戰(zhan)期間(jian)，“尚友社”多(duo)次募捐義(yi)演(yan)《木蘭(lan)從(cong)軍》、《蘇武(wu)牧羊》、《岳飛(fei)傳(chuan)(chuan)》等劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目(mu)，所得收入全部捐給前方或災區，受到當時(shi)的(de)(de)省政(zheng)府表(biao)彰。1953年(nian)順寧(ning)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團成立，后改(gai)為(wei)鳳(feng)慶(qing)(qing)滇(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團。

經過(guo)多年演出實踐，鳳慶滇劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團(tuan)已基(ji)本形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)支行當齊全(quan)，陣容整齊，唱、念、做、打各具(ju)風格(ge)，有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)滇劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)演出隊伍，在保留傳(chuan)統劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目的(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，為改革(ge)滇劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)唱腔作出了(le)貢(gong)獻(xian)。如趙興仁(ren)創(chuang)出的(de)(de)“反絲弦”、“反二黃”及(ji)融(rong)“襄陽”、“胡琴”、“絲弦”和(he)雜牌小調(diao)為一(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)“五(wu)音聯蟬”，豐富(fu)發展了(le)滇劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)唱腔。在演繹好移(yi)植劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目的(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，產生了(le)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)諸如《夜梅(mei)》、《雙冤案(an)》、《生日蛋糕》、《借(jie)嫁妝》、《陽雀(que)叫醒夢中人》、《涌金烈(lie)火》、《心愿(yuan)》、《對象(xiang)》、《金秋(qiu)宴》、《蜂王選婿》等(deng)重要(yao)的(de)(de)、具(ju)有(you)代表性的(de)(de)地方原創(chuang)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目，參加過(guo)省(sheng)級匯演并獲獎，培養了(le)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)表演者(zhe)和(he)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)作者(zhe)。

由(you)于生產生活方式的變(bian)化加上文化消費(fei)的多元化，該(gai)縣滇劇(ju)團于1990年解散后，已很少(shao)演滇劇(ju)，但不(bu)少(shao)業(ye)余愛(ai)好者和民間藝人仍(reng)然在(zai)節假日(ri)或紅白喜(xi)事等場(chang)合，組織(zhi)一些圍鼓演唱(chang)“板凳戲”。

四.滇劇的傳承保護

據1962年初步統(tong)計,傳(chuan)統(tong)劇目已記(ji)錄大(da)小劇本(ben)有1600多(duo)本(ben)。其中有秦(qin)腔(qiang)路(lu)(lu)子(zi)、川路(lu)(lu)子(zi)、京(jing)路(lu)(lu)子(zi)和滇(dian)路(lu)(lu)子(zi)之分。秦(qin)腔(qiang)路(lu)(lu)子(zi)與絲弦(xian)腔(qiang)一起(qi)傳(chuan)入(ru),

滇劇(ju)(ju)如(ru)(ru)《春秋配(pei)》、《花田錯》、《高平關》等。川路子來自(zi)川劇(ju)(ju)，如(ru)(ru)“五(wu)(wu)袍(pao)”：《黃袍(pao)記》（趙匡胤雪夜訪普）、《青(qing)袍(pao)記》（梁灝八十(shi)中(zhong)狀元）、《白(bai)袍(pao)記》(尉遲恭(gong)訪薛仁貴)、《綠袍(pao)記》（蕭何月下(xia)追韓信）、《紅袍(pao)記》（劉知(zhi)遠(yuan)打天(tian)下(xia)）；“四柱”：《炮烙柱》（紂(zhou)王誅梅伯）、《水(shui)晶柱》（觀音收黿(yuan)妖(yao)）、《五(wu)(wu)行柱》（孫悟(wu)空鬧(nao)天(tian)宮(gong)）、《碰天(tian)柱》（共(gong)(gong)工觸不周山(shan)）等。京路子來自(zi)皮簧戲(xi)(xi)（徽、漢、京劇(ju)(ju)）,如(ru)(ru)《打漁殺家》、《坐宮(gong)》等。滇路子分兩種(zhong)(zhong):一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是本省(sheng)作者或藝人編寫的當地歷史故事戲(xi)(xi)，如(ru)(ru)《薛爾望投潭(tan)》、《逼死坡》、《寧北妃》、《陳圓(yuan)圓(yuan)出(chu)家》，以(yi)及辛亥(hai)革命后編的時裝戲(xi)(xi)，如(ru)(ru)《一(yi)(yi)碗蝦(xia)仁》、《新探親》等；另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是移(yi)植外地劇(ju)(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)的劇(ju)(ju)目(mu)，發展后自(zi)成一(yi)(yi)格，如(ru)(ru)《三(san)國》、《水(shui)滸》、《紅樓》等戲(xi)(xi)中(zhong)的部(bu)分節目(mu)。此外尚有《打面缸(gang)》、《大(da)裁衣》等雜(za)調小戲(xi)(xi)。中(zhong)華人民(min)共(gong)(gong)和國成立后，整理(li)了(le)大(da)批傳統劇(ju)(ju)目(mu)，并創作了(le)一(yi)(yi)批反映(ying)白(bai)、傣、佤(wa)、哈尼等少數民(min)族斗爭生(sheng)活(huo)的劇(ju)(ju)目(mu)，如(ru)(ru)《蝴蝶(die)泉》、《望夫云》、《版納(na)風光》、《獨手英雄》、《佤(wa)山(shan)前哨》等。較有影響的劇(ju)(ju)目(mu)有《牛皋扯旨》、《闖(chuang)宮(gong)》、《送京娘》和已攝(she)制成影片的《借親配(pei)》等。

新中國(guo)成立前后；活(huo)動在滇劇舞臺上的著名演員(yuan)就有(you)羅香圃、張禹(yu)卿、栗(li)成之、戚少(shao)斌、碧 金(jin)玉、彭國(guo)珍等等，建國(guo)以后培養起(qi)來的在觀(guan)眾中較有(you)影響的知名演員(yuan)有(you)萬象貞(zhen)、周惠依、李廉森、邱云蘇、李少(shao)虞、王玉珍等。

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