地(di)母(mu)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)即后(hou)土(tu)(tu),也(ye)稱地(di)姥娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)、地(di)母(mu)元君、虛空地(di)母(mu)至尊、后(hou)土(tu)(tu)夫人。天(tian)地(di)動靜,陰(yin)陽互(hu)根。天(tian)欲化(hua)物,陰(yin)陽交合(he),上取天(tian)精(jing),下(xia)取地(di)精(jing),陰(yin)陽孕(yun)化(hua),氣運(yun)成塵,塵有(you)玄道,精(jing)微聚合(he),漸始初生,生生之類,人立其中(zhong)。女(nv)媧為鳳,玄始天(tian)尊,補(bu)天(tian)造人,確立婚姻。后(hou)土(tu)(tu)神(shen)的(de)產生,源(yuan)于古人自然(ran)崇拜(bai)中(zhong)的(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)與女(nv)性崇拜(bai),大約在唐朝(chao)(公(gong)元618年)以(yi)后(hou),民間乃稱為后(hou)土娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)。宋代以(yi)后(hou),道教(jiao)列為四御尊神之(zhi)一(yi),執掌陰陽生育(yu)、萬物(wu)之(zhi)美與山川之(zhi)秀,道觀(guan)并設后(hou)土殿。民間建后(hou)土娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)祠,每年農歷十(shi)月十(shi)八日(ri)相傳是(shi)后(hou)土娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)圣誕(dan)日(ri),隆(long)重(zhong)祭祀之(zhi)。她被稱為大地之(zhi)母,是(shi)最早的(de)地上之(zhi)王。
拜地母娘娘可求什么?
千百年(nian)來,民眾為了(le)生存達(da)到(dao)豐衣(yi)足食、安居樂(le)業之目(mu)的,建廟塑像祭祀地(di)母,以求(qiu)賜福滅災,給眾生帶(dai)來吉祥康(kang)泰。敬(jing)奉祈祀地(di)母神已(yi)成為歷代民眾極為虔誠的宗教(jiao)信仰之盛舉。
地母娘娘祭祀
地母(mu)祭,又稱(cheng)“祭土主”,是梁河一帶阿昌族為祭祀先祖遮帕麻和遮米瑪而舉行的民間宗教節日,一年舉行3次,分(fen)別在農歷(li)二(er)月(yue)馬日(ri),五(wu)月(yue)廿八日(ri),六(liu)月(yue)廿五(wu)日(ri)。第(di)一(yi)次祭(ji)(ji)祀祈(qi)求(qiu)先祖(zu)保佑子民平安,第(di)二(er)次祭(ji)(ji)祀祈(qi)求(qiu)先祖(zu)保佑六(liu)畜(chu)興(xing)旺,第(di)三次祭(ji)(ji)祀祈(qi)求(qiu)先祖(zu)保佑五(wu)谷豐(feng)登。祭(ji)(ji)日(ri)要停工一(yi)天,禁動土、舂(chong)米、外(wai)人進寨。
立誓(shi)永遠保佑藏(zang)土的十二尊主要地(di)(di)(di)祇女(nv)神(shen):遐邇(er)名揚(yang)地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、頁巖(yan)孚佑地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、普賢地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、魔后(hou)(hou)地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)為四魔女(nv)神(shen);獨具支眼地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、賢德明(ming)妃地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、剛烈尊勝地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、白衣龍后(hou)(hou)地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)為四藥叉女(nv)神(shen);藏(zang)土孚佑地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、太一濟世地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、麗質冰(bing)心地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、翠聰綠(lv)炬地(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)為四女(nv)醫神(shen)。
地母娘娘象征意義
地(di)母神(shen)、大地(di)之母或母神(shen)是(shi)指專司繁殖力及象征大地(di)恩(en)惠(hui)的女(nv)(nv)神(shen),在(zai)這個(ge)范疇中(zhong)并不是(shi)所有(you)的女(nv)(nv)神(shen)都能被稱(cheng)呼(hu)為地(di)母神(shen)。在(zai)世界各(ge)地(di)的神(shen)話里,能被歸類為地(di)母神(shen)的神(shen)祇在(zai)其神(shen)話體系中(zhong)都是(shi)強力母權的掌握者(zhe)。在(zai)性(xing)力派中(zhong)各(ge)女(nv)(nv)神(shen)是(shi)她化身。有(you)些女(nv)(nv)性(xing)主(zhu)義者(zhe)相信信仰(yang)宗(zong)教(jiao)的男(nan)性(xing)希望透(tou)過丑化這些女(nv)(nv)性(xing)神(shen)祇從(cong)而以另(ling)一個(ge)男(nan)性(xing)神(shen)去(qu)取(qu)代異性(xing)的主(zhu)權。
地母廟
地(di)母廟位于(yu)省級名(ming)勝南沙河風景區內的佛教圣(sheng)地(di)五郎關,距縣城約(yue)20公里(li),相(xiang)關古(gu)建筑有“回龍寺”,大雄寶殿等(deng)。五座(zuo)大殿雕梁畫棟(dong)、飛檐翹(qiao)角、琉璃綠(lv)瓦、龍纏紅柱,在蒼松古(gu)柏掩映下顯(xian)得雄壯(zhuang)巍峨,金碧(bi)輝煌。
城固地(di)母廟興建于東漢獻帝二(er)年(公元191年)。距(ju)今(jin)已有1800多(duo)年(nian)(nian),歷(li)朝歷(li)代民(min)眾虔誠拜竭,香火鼎盛。清代后期信奉地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)傳(chuan)(chuan)入臺(tai)(tai)灣,蜚聲海內外,故臺(tai)(tai)灣地(di)(di)區流傳(chuan)(chuan)的《地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)經(jing)(jing)》卷首載有“光緒九年(nian)(nian)正月初九陜西漢(han)中府城固地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)廟飛(fei)鸞傳(chuan)(chuan)經(jing)(jing)”之說。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來臺(tai)(tai)灣宗教人(ren)士和旅游團體(ti),頻(pin)繁前(qian)來城固旅游觀光、尋(xun)根問祖(zu),拜竭地(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)圣神。
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