新能源車電池種類

新能源汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為兩大類，即(ji)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)適(shi)用于(yu)純新能(neng)源汽(qi)車，可(ke)以(yi)歸(gui)類為鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)基電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（鎳(nie)一氫及(ji)(ji)鎳(nie)一金屬氫化物電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)一福及(ji)(ji)鎳(nie)一鋅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)）、鈉(na)(na)?電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（鈉(na)(na)一硫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)鈉(na)(na)一氯化鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)）、二次鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等(deng)類型(xing)。而(er)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)專用于(yu)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)新能(neng)源汽(qi)車，可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為堿性燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(AFC)、磷酸燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(PAFC)、熔(rong)融碳(tan)酸鹽(yan)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(MCFC)、固體氧化物燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(SOFC)、質(zhi)子交換膜燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(PEMFC)、直接(jie)甲醇燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(DMFC)等(deng)類型(xing)。

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新能源車電池壽命

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)(shou)命有(you)“干貯(zhu)(zhu)存壽(shou)(shou)命“和”濕貯(zhu)(zhu)存壽(shou)(shou)命“。這兩個概(gai)念僅(jin)是針對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)自放電(dian)(dian)大(da)小而言的(de)，并非電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)實(shi)際使用(yong)期限(xian)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)真(zhen)正壽(shou)(shou)命是指電(dian)(dian)池(chi)實(shi)際使用(yong)的(de)時間長短。對一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)(shou)命是表征給出額定容(rong)量(liang)的(de)工(gong)作時間（與放電(dian)(dian)倍(bei)率大(da)小有(you)關(guan)）。

對二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)而言，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)壽(shou)(shou)命分充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環壽(shou)(shou)命和(he)濕(shi)擱(ge)置使用壽(shou)(shou)命兩種。充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環壽(shou)(shou)命，是(shi)衡量二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要參(can)數。經受一(yi)(yi)次(ci)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，稱(cheng)為一(yi)(yi)次(ci)循環（或一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)周期）。在一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)制度下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量降至(zhi)某一(yi)(yi)規定值之前(qian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)能耐受的(de)(de)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數，稱(cheng)為二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環壽(shou)(shou)命。

充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)循環壽命越長，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的性能越好。在目前(qian)常用(yong)的二(er)次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中，鎘鎳(nie)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)循環壽命500~800次(ci)，鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)200~500次(ci)，鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)600~1000次(ci)，鋅(xin)銀電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)很短(duan)，約100次(ci)左右。

二次電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環壽(shou)(shou)命與放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)深度(du)(du)、溫度(du)(du)、充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)制式等(deng)條件(jian)有(you)關。所謂”放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)深度(du)(du)“是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)池放(fang)(fang)出的(de)(de)容量占額定容量的(de)(de)百(bai)分數。減少放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)深度(du)(du)（即“淺放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)”），二次電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環壽(shou)(shou)命可以大(da)大(da)延長。

濕(shi)擱(ge)(ge)置(zhi)使用(yong)壽命，也是衡量二次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性(xing)能(neng)的重要參數(shu)之一。它是指電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)加入了電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)后開始進行(xing)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循環直至充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循環壽命終止的時間（包(bao)括充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循環過(guo)程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處于放(fang)電(dian)(dian)態濕(shi)擱(ge)(ge)置(zhi)的時間）。濕(shi)擱(ge)(ge)置(zhi)使用(yong)壽命越長(chang)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性(xing)能(neng)越好。在目(mu)前常(chang)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)濕(shi)擱(ge)(ge)置(zhi)使用(yong)壽命2~3年，鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)3~5年，鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)5~8年，鋅銀(yin)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最短，只有1年左右。

新能源車充電方式

1、便攜充電

便(bian)攜充電(dian)(dian)是(shi)指使用隨車附帶的(de)便(bian)攜充電(dian)(dian)線連接普通(tong)家用插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)充電(dian)(dian)。這是(shi)一種非常方便(bian)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)方式，只(zhi)要能(neng)找到插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)，就可以充電(dian)(dian)。但(dan)是(shi)其充電(dian)(dian)速(su)度就不敢恭維了(le)。一般來說，普通(tong)家用插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓為220V，電(dian)(dian)流為10A，理(li)論(lun)上(shang)(shang)功(gong)率為2.2kW，而在實際使用中(zhong)，充電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率一般來說只(zhi)有1.5kW。奇瑞(rui)eQ電(dian)(dian)動汽車上(shang)(shang)配(pei)備的(de)便(bian)攜充電(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)。

也就是說，使(shi)用(yong)便(bian)攜充(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝置，為(wei)一(yi)輛(liang)北汽(qi)新能源EV200純電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(續(xu)航里(li)程200km，電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)30.4kWh)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)需要20小(xiao)時(shi)，為(wei)一(yi)輛(liang)比亞迪e6純電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(續(xu)航300km，電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)57kWh)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)需要近40小(xiao)時(shi)。這(zhe)種速度簡直(zhi)讓人無法忍受，只(zhi)能是作為(wei)其他(ta)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式的一(yi)種補充(chong)，方(fang)便(bian)用(yong)戶隨(sui)時(shi)補電(dian)(dian)。

2、家用充電

家用(yong)(yong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)是(shi)最常(chang)見(jian)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般私人用(yong)(yong)戶購買電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車都(dou)會附(fu)贈一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)家用(yong)(yong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。當然，光有樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)是(shi)不夠的(de)，還需要有車位并(bing)且物業(ye)同(tong)意安裝(zhuang)。寶馬(ma)i3所(suo)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)的(de)i Wallbox Pro充電(dian)(dian)(dian)墻盒，功率(lv)為7.4kWh。在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度方面，由于每個(ge)廠(chang)商提(ti)供的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)規格都(dou)不一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，所(suo)以(yi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度也不盡相同(tong)。寶馬(ma)i3所(suo)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)的(de)i Wallbox Pro充電(dian)(dian)(dian)墻盒功率(lv)為7.4kW。啟辰晨風(feng)有2種家用(yong)(yong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，低配(pei)(pei)版的(de)是(shi)3.6kW，高配(pei)(pei)版的(de)則是(shi)6.6kW。騰勢同(tong)樣提(ti)供2種家用(yong)(yong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜可供使用(yong)(yong)，功率(lv)分別為10kW和20kW。

3、公共充電

家(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)雖(sui)然不錯，但(dan)還有很多用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)由于(yu)沒有固定車位或是物業不配合，無(wu)法安裝家(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。對他(ta)們來說(shuo)，公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)就(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)了唯一(yi)的(de)選擇。如果家(jia)(jia)里(li)不能(neng)建(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，就(jiu)只能(neng)到公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)般由國家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、南方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網這(zhe)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業建(jian)設并(bing)維(wei)護經營。在(zai)(zai)今后，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車產業的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，也會有不少民營資本進入(ru)這(zhe)一(yi)領域。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)般分(fen)為快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和慢(man)(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前(qian)者(zhe)使用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后者(zhe)使用(yong)(yong)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：以常(chang)見的(de)國家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)為例，其(qi)輸出的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為380V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可(ke)以達到50A，輸出功(gong)率可(ke)達19kW。不過(guo)，為了保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量達到80%以后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)會慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)下降到10A左右。所以，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到80%以后，應該換到慢(man)(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，這(zhe)樣效率更高一(yi)些。交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)慢(man)(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：由于(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)本等方面有優勢(shi)，交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)慢(man)(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)數量較多。雖(sui)然直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度更快(kuai)，但(dan)是受用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷和建(jian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)限制(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站里(li)，直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)數量肯定是占少數的(de)。為了利(li)用(yong)(yong)有限的(de)資源(yuan)為更多人提供充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務，必須補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)些交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)慢(man)(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。

如何快速找到充電樁

電動汽車車主可以通過網上城市服務內“汽車充電站”，通過地圖篩查和關鍵字查詢迅速找到最近的充電站，在手機里實時(shi)查看充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)槍的(de)使用狀態。以(yi)(yi)后，車主不會再(zai)發(fa)生趕到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)站才發(fa)現充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)已(yi)經被占用，需(xu)要等至少一兩(liang)個小時(shi)的(de)窘境。而且，通過汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)站可以(yi)(yi)直(zhi)接操作啟動或(huo)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，并在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)結束后一站式(shi)完成支付(fu)。

目前,“汽車充電站”充電網路已覆(fu)蓋119個(ge)城市(shi)。這意(yi)味著(zhu)這119個(ge)城市(shi)內(nei)近(jin)80萬電動汽車車主可以享受上述查找、支(zhi)付等服(fu)務。電動汽車充電一(yi)直(zhi)面臨著(zhu)找充電樁(zhuang)難的(de)問題，制約了(le)行業(ye)的(de)發展。此前，市(shi)面上各(ge)類(lei)充電樁(zhuang)都是由不同的(de)運營商各(ge)自為政，使用獨立的(de)APP。車主的(de)手機必須裝十幾個(ge)甚至二十幾個(ge)APP才能保(bao)證(zheng)能在就近(jin)不同運營商的(de)充電站充電。

如今，網上推出“汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站”之后，車(che)主只需(xu)(xu)要(yao)用(yong)一個APP便(bian)可以完成。只要(yao)你(ni)打(da)開網上汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站，便(bian)會顯示附(fu)近的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，你(ni)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)點擊距離你(ni)最(zui)近的一個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，頁(ye)面便(bian)會顯示其地址(zhi)，那么你(ni)可以直(zhi)接導航過去，非常便(bian)利。

新能源車充電注意事項

1、充電時間

正確掌(zhang)握充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間一般情(qing)況蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間在十小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左右(you)，要(yao)避免過度(du)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。準(zhun)備出(chu)行(xing)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)提前安排好(hao)途中(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，避免行(xing)駛中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)量不足。

2、充電頻率

建(jian)(jian)議(yi)每(mei)天都(dou)充(chong)電(dian)就算(suan)平時(shi)行(xing)駛(shi)路程不多，還(huan)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)議(yi)每(mei)天都(dou)充(chong)電(dian)，這樣使電(dian)池(chi)處(chu)于淺循環狀態，電(dian)池(chi)的壽命會延長。原理就像手機(ji)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)一樣，隨時(shi)都(dou)可(ke)以充(chong)。

3、存放

嚴禁存(cun)放(fang)時虧電(dian)在(zai)虧電(dian)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)存(cun)放(fang)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，很容易出(chu)現(xian)硫酸(suan)(suan)鹽化，硫酸(suan)(suan)鉛(qian)結晶(jing)物附著在(zai)極(ji)板(ban)上，會堵塞電(dian)離子通(tong)道，造成充電(dian)不(bu)足，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量下(xia)降。虧電(dian)狀(zhuang)態閑(xian)(xian)置(zhi)時間越長，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)損壞越重(zhong)。因此，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)閑(xian)(xian)置(zhi)不(bu)用時，應每月補充電(dian)一(yi)次，這樣(yang)能較好(hao)地保(bao)持電(dian)池(chi)(chi)健康狀(zhuang)態。所以，平(ping)時若不(bu)經(jing)常用車(che)，也必須要(yao)打著車(che)。這樣(yang)才不(bu)會造成車(che)輛不(bu)必要(yao)的問題出(chu)現(xian)。