通常情況下,新能源汽車保養項(xiang)目分別為制動(dong)系統(tong)(tong)、空調系統(tong)(tong)、充電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)、底盤部(bu)分檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、車身部(bu)分檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池系統(tong)(tong)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、冷卻系統(tong)(tong)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、轉向系統(tong)(tong)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、附加(jia)項(xiang)目等9個大項(xiang)目,共計(ji)近50項(xiang)小項(xiang)。
這(zhe)個環(huan)節主要是(shi)檢查高壓線束的(de)導電性(xing)和絕緣性(xing)。像傳統(tong)汽(qi)車的(de)燃油系統(tong)一樣,高壓線束的(de)好壞直(zhi)接(jie)決定著這(zhe)臺車能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)開和安(an)全(quan)與(yu)否的(de)問題。檢測的(de)儀(yi)器是(shi)萬用表,檢測過程(cheng)是(shi)將(jiang)連(lian)接(jie)動力電池(chi)的(de)線束與(yu)電源控制器分離,然(ran)后用探針逐個測試,如在規定數值(zhi)內則判定為合格。值(zhi)得注意的(de)是(shi),大多數汽(qi)車廠家對(dui)高壓線束保修時間為5年。
大(da)家(jia)在(zai)購買電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)時,都會關心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming),國內汽(qi)車(che)(che)廠商的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che),多采用磷(lin)酸鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),它(ta)比普通(tong)手機中使(shi)用的(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)更長、充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)更快、安全(quan)性更高。通(tong)常,磷(lin)酸鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)滿充(chong)滿放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2000次以上,按照一年(nian)充(chong)200次計算,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)以有將近(jin)10年(nian)的(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)。
動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)檢測是通(tong)過一臺(tai)檢測電(dian)(dian)腦和數據連接器實現的(de)(de),檢測過程(cheng)需要拆下新能源汽車的(de)(de)儀表盤下擋板。鏈(lian)接電(dian)(dian)腦后,就可(ke)以使用電(dian)(dian)池(chi)檢測軟件輕松看到各(ge)類電(dian)(dian)池(chi)信息(xi),包括電(dian)(dian)池(chi)成組的(de)(de)情況、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)量、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度、CAN總線通(tong)訊(xun)狀態等。一旦有個別電(dian)(dian)池(chi)單體出現問題,就會影(ying)響(xiang)整個動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)狀態。
一次保養(yang)的時間(jian)大概(gai)在45分鐘左右。隨著(zhu)使用的時間(jian),由于功能(neng)(neng)性(xing)組件的性(xing)能(neng)(neng)磨損、老化、腐蝕等原因(yin),可能(neng)(neng)致(zhi)使行車(che)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)逐漸(jian)降(jiang)低(di),定期按(an)照規定進行保養(yang),才能(neng)(neng)保障新能(neng)(neng)源汽車(che)的安(an)全(quan)行駛。
1、充電時間
每個(ge)車主對(dui)車的(de)使用情況各不同的(de),因此,充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)根據自己的(de)實際情況進行,供(gong)選(xuan)擇的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式有(you)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。沒必要(yao)(yao)(yao)過(guo)于相信(xin)別人經驗之談,要(yao)(yao)(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)幾小(xiao)時才行,或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)(man)后在過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)1小(xiao)時,這都(dou)不科學(xue),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在出廠前都(dou)進行過(guo)擴容(rong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系統顯(xian)示以充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)(man)就真的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)(man)了(le),過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)會帶來很多隱形的(de)危害。還有(you)就是盡量不要(yao)(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),除非(fei)你應急時,選(xuan)擇快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)危害就不贅述(shu)了(le)。
切記不要過度充電、過度放電,盡量使用交流充電(慢充)。
2、充電頻次
關于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)頻次這個問題,也要(yao)根(gen)據自己的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)駛來(lai)進行(xing)(xing)判斷。在正常行(xing)(xing)駛的(de)(de)情況下,如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)提(ti)示該充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)了,就(jiu)真的(de)(de)該當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)了;千萬不要(yao)硬抗,應盡快停(ting)止運(yun)行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian),否則電(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)因為過(guo)度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)而(er)縮短壽(shou)命。有(you)(you)些人習慣(guan)每次出門前都充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian),有(you)(you)時(shi)只運(yun)行(xing)(xing)了很(hen)短的(de)(de)時(shi)間就(jiu)續充(chong)(chong),這個時(shi)候(hou)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間不宜過(guo)長,否則就(jiu)會(hui)過(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)從而(er)使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)熱(re)。
可(ke)以發現(xian),純電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)對(dui)散熱(re)系統(tong)(tong)的要求(qiu)還是(shi)很高(gao)的,常規保養項目雖然少,周期(qi)長,省(sheng)錢省(sheng)心,只是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)腦過(guo)一(yi)遍各(ge)項參數就差不(bu)多了,但該有的定期(qi)檢查必須(xu)得(de)去(qu),而(er)且(qie)很重要。對(dui)燃油車(che)來說(shuo),保養不(bu)到位頂多是(shi)車(che)子磨損厲害(hai)一(yi)點,油耗高(gao)一(yi)點,而(er)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)來說(shuo),檢查不(bu)到位,一(yi)旦出現(xian)動力系統(tong)(tong)故障(特別(bie)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池),就一(yi)定不(bu)是(shi)小事情(qing)。
每位車(che)主在購車(che)時都(dou)會得到一(yi)本車(che)主手冊,里(li)面會附(fu)有一(yi)張保養(yang)周期(qi)表(biao),明確告知車(che)主在什么(me)時候進行保養(yang)、該如何(he)維(wei)護保養(yang)。不(bu)同車(che)系(xi)和品牌(pai)的新能源車(che)型(xing),其保養(yang)周期(qi)是不(bu)同的,最短的1個月/3000公里(li)就要(yao)做首保,而大部分車(che)型(xing)則是1萬公里(li)或1年才(cai)需要(yao)首次保養(yang)。所以,按照保養(yang)手冊來進行保養(yang)就好了。
需(xu)要(yao)(yao)提醒的(de)是(shi),也要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據車輛(liang)的(de)具體使用環境來(lai)確(que)定保養里(li)程(cheng)(cheng),比如(ru)說你(ni)經常(chang)跑山(shan)路(lu),或者經常(chang)在高(gao)速上行駛等等情況要(yao)(yao)自行縮短保養里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)。
1、避免大電流放電
電(dian)(dian)動車在起步、載人、上坡時,盡量避免猛踩加速,形成(cheng)瞬間大(da)電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)。大(da)電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)容易導致產生(sheng)硫酸(suan)鉛結晶,從而損害(hai)電(dian)(dian)池極板(ban)的物(wu)理(li)性能。
2、嚴禁存放時虧電
所謂的(de)虧電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態,即是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用后沒有及時(shi)充電(dian)(dian),虧電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)容(rong)易引起電(dian)(dian)池(chi)硫酸(suan)鹽化(hua),堵塞電(dian)(dian)離子通(tong)道(dao),造成充電(dian)(dian)不足(zu),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)下(xia)降。
正確的(de)做法是電池閑置(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用時(shi),應每月充電一次(ci),讓電池保持健康的(de)狀態。不(bu)(bu)(bu)過得益于電池現代(dai)化的(de)BMS電池管理系統,即使充電時(shi)間稍(shao)長(chang)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)會對車輛造成影響(xiang)哦(e)。
3、正確掌握充電時間
在使(shi)用過(guo)程(cheng)中,應根據實際情況準確把(ba)握(wo)充電時間,參考平時使(shi)用頻率及行駛里程(cheng)情況,把(ba)握(wo)充電頻次。正(zheng)常行駛時,如(ru)(ru)果電量表指示(shi)紅燈和黃燈亮,就應充電了;如(ru)(ru)只剩下(xia)紅燈亮,應停止運行,盡快充電,否則(ze)電瓶過(guo)度放電會嚴重縮短(duan)其壽命。
充滿電(dian)(dian)后運行時間較(jiao)短就充電(dian)(dian),充電(dian)(dian)時間不宜(yi)過長,否則會形成過度充電(dian)(dian),使電(dian)(dian)瓶發(fa)熱。過度充電(dian)(dian)、過度放電(dian)(dian)和充電(dian)(dian)不足都會縮(suo)短電(dian)(dian)瓶壽命。
一般情況蓄電(dian)池平(ping)均(jun)充(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)在(zai)10小時左右。充(chong)電(dian)過程如(ru)電(dian)瓶(ping)溫(wen)度超過65℃,應停止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)。
4、經常檢查輪胎氣壓
將(jiang)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)氣壓(ya)保(bao)持在正(zheng)確的(de)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)壓(ya),必須每(mei)兩(liang)星期或至少每(mei)月檢查一次輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)氣壓(ya)。不正(zheng)確的(de)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)氣壓(ya)會(hui)造成耗電、行駛里(li)程(cheng)短,降低駕駛的(de)舒適(shi)性(xing),降低輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)壽(shou)命并降低行車安(an)全性(xing)。
6、防止暴曬
電動車嚴禁在陽光下暴曬。溫(wen)度(du)過高的環境(jing)會使(shi)蓄電池(chi)內部壓力增加而使(shi)電池(chi)失水,引發電池(chi)活(huo)性下降,加速極(ji)板老(lao)化。
7、定期檢查
在使用過程中,如果電動汽車的續航里程(cheng)在短時間內(nei)突然大幅度下降十(shi)幾公里,則很有可(ke)能是電池組(zu)中最(zui)少有一塊電池出現(xian)問(wen)題。此(ci)時,應(ying)及時到銷售中心(xin)或代(dai)理商維修部進行檢查、修復或配組(zu)。這樣能相對延長電池組(zu)的壽命,最(zui)大程(cheng)度地節省您(nin)的開支(zhi)。