一、四輪驅動是什么意思
四輪驅動,又稱全輪驅動,是指汽車前后輪都有動力的一種汽車驅動形式,一般用4X4或4WD來表示,如果你看見一輛車上標有上述字樣,那就表示該車輛擁有4輪驅動的功能,屬于四驅車。
四輪驅(qu)動(dong)可按行駛(shi)路面狀態不(bu)同,將發動(dong)機(ji)輸(shu)出扭矩按不(bu)同比例分布在前后所有(you)的(de)輪子上(shang),以提高汽車的(de)行駛(shi)能力,因(yin)此具有(you)良(liang)好的(de)通(tong)過性(xing)能。
現如今很多汽車品牌都有(you)四輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)汽車車型,其中又(you)可分為(wei)全時(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(Full-Time)、兼(jian)時(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(Part-Time)、適時(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(Real-Time)和兼(jian)時(shi)/適時(shi)混(hun)和驅(qu)動(dong)四種(zhong)驅(qu)動(dong)模式。
二、四輪驅動系統的結構原理
四輪驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統由(you)離合器(qi)、變速器(qi)、傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸、分動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)箱、前(qian)萬向(xiang)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置、前(qian)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋、后(hou)萬向(xiang)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置和后(hou)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋組成。
工(gong)作時,分動器用(yong)來分配(pei)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞到(dao)前軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)后軸(zhou)(zhou)的轉矩,?鏈(lian)條(tiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)動裝置將轉矩傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)到(dao)前橋(qiao),差速器通過與輸(shu)入軸(zhou)(zhou)同軸(zhou)(zhou)布置的輸(shu)出(chu)軸(zhou)(zhou)來驅(qu)(qu)動后橋(qiao)。前橋(qiao)轉矩傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)到(dao)上(shang)(shang)鏈(lian)輪(lun)上(shang)(shang)。鏈(lian)輪(lun)位于上(shang)(shang)輸(shu)出(chu)軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)(shang),可自由(you)轉動,它通過鏈(lian)條(tiao)驅(qu)(qu)動下鏈(lian)輪(lun)。下鏈(lian)輪(lun)與法蘭軸(zhou)(zhou)固定在一起,形成前橋(qiao)主減速器的驅(qu)(qu)動力,驅(qu)(qu)動汽車。
三、四輪驅動系統的結構特點
四驅車的(de)(de)四輪(lun)(lun)驅動裝置(zhi)(zhi)是常(chang)嚙(nie)合式,增加了(le)粘性耦合器(qi),省去了(le)手(shou)動分力器(qi),自(zi)動將(jiang)扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)按(an)需分配在前(qian)(qian)后輪(lun)(lun)子上。在正(zheng)常(chang)路(lu)面(mian)上,四輪(lun)(lun)驅動裝置(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)引擎輸(shu)出扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)92%分配到前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun),8%分配到后輪(lun)(lun);在滑(hua)溜的(de)(de)路(lu)面(mian)上,將(jiang)至(zhi)少40%的(de)(de)引擎機輸(shu)出扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)分配給后輪(lun)(lun);當(dang)前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)開始(shi)打滑(hua)時,前(qian)(qian)、后輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)轉速差(cha)異會使耦合器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)粘液立即變稠并(bing)鎖住耦合器(qi),從而使傳動軸只(zhi)將(jiang)扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)傳遞至(zhi)后輪(lun)(lun),待前(qian)(qian)、后輪(lun)(lun)地轉速差(cha)異消失就自(zi)動回復原有驅動形式。