一、電力電容器是什么
電力電容器是一種電(dian)力系統中(zhong)常用的(de)設備。它是利用電(dian)介質的(de)極化和電(dian)容(rong)效應(ying)來存儲電(dian)能,通(tong)過改(gai)變電(dian)容(rong)器內部(bu)電(dian)場分布(bu)的(de)方式,來實現對電(dian)路中(zhong)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、功率因數等參數的(de)控(kong)制和調節。電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器具有以下性能特點(dian):
1、高容量:電力(li)電容(rong)器可(ke)以提(ti)供較大的(de)電容(rong)量,以滿足電力(li)系統的(de)需求。
2、高電壓:電(dian)力電(dian)容器(qi)能夠承受較(jiao)高的(de)電(dian)壓,以(yi)適(shi)應電(dian)力系統的(de)要(yao)求。
3、低損耗:電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器具有較低(di)的(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)損耗,能(neng)(neng)夠提高功率(lv)因(yin)數并減(jian)少能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)浪費。
4、長壽命:電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)器具有較長的使(shi)用壽命,可以穩(wen)定(ding)地(di)工(gong)作(zuo)多年(nian)。
二、電力電容器容量的單位是什么
電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容器(qi),用于電(dian)力(li)系統和電(dian)工設備的電(dian)容器(qi)。任意兩(liang)塊金屬導體,中間(jian)(jian)用絕緣介質(zhi)隔(ge)開,即構(gou)成一個(ge)電(dian)容器(qi)。電(dian)容器(qi)電(dian)容的大小,由其(qi)(qi)幾何尺寸(cun)和兩(liang)極板間(jian)(jian)絕緣介質(zhi)的特性來(lai)決定。當電(dian)容器(qi)在(zai)交流電(dian)壓(ya)下使用時(shi),常以其(qi)(qi)無功功率表(biao)示電(dian)容器(qi)的容量,單位為乏(fa)(fa)或千乏(fa)(fa)。
三、電力電容器的種類
電(dian)力電(dian)容器按(an)用途可分為8種(zhong):
1、并聯電容器:原稱移相電(dian)容器(qi)。主要用于補(bu)償電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統感性負荷(he)的無功(gong)功(gong)率,以提高功(gong)率因(yin)數,改善電(dian)壓質量,降低線路損耗。
2、串聯電容器:串(chuan)聯于工頻高壓輸、配電(dian)線路(lu)中,用(yong)以補(bu)償線路(lu)的(de)分(fen)布感抗,提(ti)高系統的(de)靜(jing)、動態(tai)穩定性,改(gai)善線路(lu)的(de)電(dian)壓質(zhi)量(liang),加長送電(dian)距離和增大輸送能力(li)。
3、耦合電容器:主要用(yong)于高壓電(dian)力線(xian)路的高頻通信(xin)、測量、控制、保護以及在抽取電(dian)能(neng)的裝置(zhi)中作部件用(yong)。
4、斷路器電容器:原稱均(jun)壓電容器。并聯在超高(gao)壓斷(duan)(duan)路器斷(duan)(duan)口上起(qi)均(jun)壓作(zuo)用,使(shi)各(ge)斷(duan)(duan)口間(jian)的電壓在分(fen)斷(duan)(duan)過程(cheng)中和斷(duan)(duan)開時均(jun)勻,并可改善斷(duan)(duan)路器的滅弧特性,提高(gao)分(fen)斷(duan)(duan)能力。
5、電熱電容器:用于頻(pin)率(lv)為40~24000赫(he)的電(dian)熱設備(bei)系統中,以提(ti)高功率(lv)因數,改善(shan)回路的電(dian)壓或頻(pin)率(lv)等(deng)特性(xing)。
6、脈沖電容器:主(zhu)要起貯能(neng)作(zuo)用,用作(zuo)沖擊電壓發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)、沖擊電流發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)、斷路(lu)器(qi)試(shi)驗用振蕩回(hui)路(lu)等基本貯能(neng)元件。
7、直流和濾波電容器:用于高(gao)壓直流裝(zhuang)置和高(gao)壓整流濾波裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)。
8、標準電容器:用于工(gong)頻高(gao)(gao)壓測(ce)量介質(zhi)損耗(hao)回路中,作(zuo)為(wei)標準電容或用作(zuo)測(ce)量高(gao)(gao)壓的電容分壓裝置。
另外,電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器在電(dian)力(li)系統中(zhong)分高壓電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(6KV以上)和低壓電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(400V),低壓電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器按性質分油浸紙質電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器和自愈式電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器;電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器按功能(neng)分普(pu)通電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器和智能(neng)式電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器。
四、電力電容器的作用
1、提高電路的效率
電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容器是一種存儲電(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)設(she)備,它可以在電(dian)(dian)荷(he)的(de)流動時向電(dian)(dian)路中提供電(dian)(dian)荷(he),從(cong)而減少(shao)電(dian)(dian)路中的(de)電(dian)(dian)流變化。這就可以提高電(dian)(dian)路的(de)效率,在電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備的(de)操作過程(cheng)中,節(jie)約能量。
2、改善電氣系統的穩定性
在電(dian)(dian)路中添加電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)可以降低電(dian)(dian)路的電(dian)(dian)阻,從(cong)而減少電(dian)(dian)路的波(bo)動和干擾。這可以改善設備的穩定(ding)性,在高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)環境下,電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)不可或缺的。
3、減少能量浪費
在(zai)一些電(dian)氣設備中(zhong)(zhong),電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)器還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)來存儲能量(liang),從而(er)減少能量(liang)的浪費。在(zai)電(dian)力(li)系統中(zhong)(zhong),電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)器可(ke)(ke)以(yi)將電(dian)能存儲下(xia)來,并在(zai)需(xu)要的時候釋放(fang),從而(er)提高電(dian)力(li)系統的效率,降低能量(liang)的浪費。
4、提高電氣設備的壽命
電力電容器具有安全可靠的特點,并且能夠提供穩定的電源。在電氣設備中,電力電容器可以提(ti)供(gong)更為穩(wen)定的(de)(de)電源,保(bao)護其他電器(qi)設(she)備不受損(sun)壞,從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高(gao)電氣設(she)備的(de)(de)壽命(ming)。
5、改善電能質量
電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)可以提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)能質量(liang),降低(di)電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓的諧波量(liang)和噪(zao)聲水平(ping),減少(shao)設備的漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)波干擾,提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)能的穩定性(xing)和可靠性(xing)。同時,電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)還(huan)可以平(ping)衡(heng)三相電(dian)(dian)壓,消(xiao)除三相負載不平(ping)衡(heng)現象,保證電(dian)(dian)力(li)設備的正常運(yun)行。
6、補償無功功率,提高功率因數
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器是一種被動(dong)元件,能夠存(cun)儲和釋放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能,補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)中(zhong)的(de)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、變壓器等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)設備(bei)的(de)工作需(xu)要消(xiao)耗無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv),加(jia)上線(xian)路本身的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容和感抗,導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)中(zhong)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)較大(da),功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數較低,影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)穩定運(yun)(yun)行(xing)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能利用效率(lv)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器通過向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)補償無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv),可以提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數,降低線(xian)路損耗,降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓損耗,提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)效率(lv)和穩定性。