一、電力電容器里面是什么材料
電力電容器內部主要(yao)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)極和介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)料構成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)極通常使(shi)用金屬箔(bo),介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)料則用于隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)極并固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。金屬箔(bo)之間(jian)通過介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)料隔離,這樣就形成了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)料通常被涂覆在箔(bo)上,或者(zhe)為箔(bo)包裹在中(zhong)間(jian)層。介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)料也稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)材(cai)料。
1、金屬箔
金(jin)屬(shu)箔(bo)是電容器的電極,用(yong)(yong)于傳遞電荷。箔(bo)通(tong)常(chang)使用(yong)(yong)鋁箔(bo)或(huo)銅箔(bo),表(biao)面被涂(tu)覆了(le)一(yi)層(ceng)氧(yang)化物。這(zhe)層(ceng)氧(yang)化物的作用(yong)(yong)是防止金(jin)屬(shu)腐(fu)蝕(shi),并(bing)且(qie)增(zeng)加(jia)硬度和耐(nai)磨性。金(jin)屬(shu)箔(bo)的寬度和長度通(tong)常(chang)根據(ju)需要進行定制。
2、介電材料
介電(dian)材料是電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的重要組成部分,它(ta)用(yong)于隔離電(dian)極并固定(ding)電(dian)場(chang)。介電(dian)材料應具有高(gao)介電(dian)常數和低損耗角正切值(zhi),這(zhe)樣它(ta)就可以(yi)將電(dian)場(chang)集中在箔之間(jian),從(cong)而增加(jia)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)。常用(yong)的介電(dian)材料有聚丙烯、聚酯、陶瓷、瓷紙等。
二、電力電容器里面有銅嗎
通常情況(kuang)下,電力電容器中(zhong)不(bu)含銅元(yuan)素。雖然一些金屬箔是由(you)涂有銅的鋁箔制成,但(dan)涂層為了防止(zhi)氧化往往只是非常薄的一層,含銅量非常小,對電力電容器的整體(ti)材料成分影響(xiang)極小。電介質也一般不(bu)含銅元(yuan)素,因此電力電容器中(zhong)的主要材料并(bing)不(bu)包(bao)括銅。
三、電力電容器里面的液體是什么東西
電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)運(yun)行時(shi)出現的(de)液(ye)體,是電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)浸漬介(jie)質(zhi)。采(cai)用(yong)蓖麻(ma)油、礦(kuang)物油等(deng)油脂作為浸漬介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi),滲漏出來(lai)的(de)液(ye)體是絕(jue)緣油。采(cai)用(yong)微晶(jing)蠟(la)作為浸漬介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi),滲漏出來(lai)的(de)液(ye)體是液(ye)態蠟(la)。當電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)發生著火(huo)、爆炸事故時(shi),這些液(ye)體會(hui)起(qi)到(dao)助燃作用(yong)。
1、絕緣油填充的電容器
在(zai)市面上,有不(bu)少(shao)絕緣(yuan)油(you)(you)填充(chong)的油(you)(you)浸式電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。在(zai)油(you)(you)浸式電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)內部(bu),主要用礦物(wu)油(you)(you)、植物(wu)油(you)(you)等填充(chong)。當油(you)(you)浸式電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)運行(xing)時出(chu)現(xian)漏(lou)液(ye)現(xian)象,一般是填充(chong)的絕緣(yuan)油(you)(you)泄漏(lou)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)出(chu)現(xian)漏(lou)油(you)(you)的話,不(bu)僅(jin)會造(zao)成(cheng)內部(bu)絕緣(yuan)水平(ping)降低,還會造(zao)成(cheng)外(wai)部(bu)潮氣侵入(ru),同時會引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)絕緣(yuan)受(shou)潮、絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻降低,進而導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)內部(bu)元件的擊穿放電(dian)(dian)(dian),甚至發生(sheng)爆炸。
2、微晶石蠟填充的電容器
由于油浸式電容器存在滲漏油、易燃等風險,不少電力電容器廠家(jia)開始用微晶(jing)石(shi)蠟代替絕緣油。而微晶(jing)石(shi)蠟在常溫下為固體,不會(hui)出現漏(lou)液現象;但是電(dian)容器運行時會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)熱量,這會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)微晶(jing)石(shi)蠟溶(rong)解變為液態;而溶(rong)解后(hou)的微晶(jing)石(shi)蠟和電(dian)容器金(jin)屬化膜(mo)結構相似,會(hui)起到溶(rong)脹(zhang)作用,進而導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)容器介質損(sun)耗增加(jia),甚至(zhi)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)力電(dian)容器損(sun)壞(huai)。