一、電力電容器常見故障及處理方法
1、滲漏油問題
在電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)運行故障中,滲漏油問(wen)(wen)題十(shi)分常見。當電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)出現滲漏油故障且不及時(shi)處理的話,會導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)擊穿放電(dian)(dian),甚(shen)至(zhi)引發電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)爆裂事故。無功補(bu)償時(shi)安裝干式電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi),可以(yi)杜絕電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)滲漏油問(wen)(wen)題。
2、外殼變形、爆裂
電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)運行(xing)時,會(hui)(hui)受到溫度(du)、電(dian)壓等因(yin)素的影響出現膨脹。電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)外殼(ke)變形會(hui)(hui)加(jia)劇電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)絕緣介(jie)質老化分解,最終會(hui)(hui)導致電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)爆(bao)裂事(shi)故發生。采用防爆(bao)型電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的話(hua),可以杜(du)絕電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)爆(bao)裂事(shi)故,保(bao)障電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)安(an)全運行(xing)。
3、電容器溫升異常
通(tong)風(feng)散熱(re)不合理、過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流運行、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)諧波、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器介質老化、絕緣受潮、內(nei)部元件故(gu)障等都會導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器出現溫升(sheng)異(yi)常。如果不及(ji)時處理的(de)(de)話,電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器絕緣介質的(de)(de)熱(re)老化會加(jia)速,從而影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)使用壽命。改善通(tong)風(feng)散熱(re)條件、確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器在額定參數下運行,都可以大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器溫升(sheng)異(yi)常的(de)(de)概率。
4、電力電容閃絡放電
運行中的電力電容器若沒有及時打掃或維護,會造成瓷套表面附著大量贓物,繼而導致其絕緣降低,容易因泄漏電流增大或過電壓作用使瓷套表面出現閃絡放電問題。應對措施為定(ding)期(qi)定(ding)時的對電力電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)進行(xing)檢查清掃(sao),且(qie)電容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)是否可以安裝至室(shi)外需要另行(xing)判斷。
5、端子嚴重發熱
電力電容器的接線端子若安裝不牢,在電流通過導線時會引起接觸電阻的增加,也可能出現“吱吱”的放電聲,導致電容端子嚴重發熱或變形。在(zai)電(dian)容器安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)使用時需(xu)極力避免(mian)端子(zi)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)不牢等問(wen)題,在(zai)有(you)條(tiao)件的情況下企業應定期檢測電(dian)容外殼及端子(zi)處溫(wen)度,避免(mian)出(chu)現發(fa)熱嚴(yan)重的情況。
二、電力電容器如何維護保養
1、電(dian)容器應有值(zhi)班(ban)人員,應做好設(she)備運行情況記(ji)錄。
2、對運行(xing)的電(dian)容器組的外觀巡視檢查,應(ying)按(an)規程規定每天都要(yao)進行(xing),如發現(xian)箱殼(ke)膨(peng)脹應(ying)停止使(shi)用(yong),以免發生故障。
3、檢查電容器(qi)組每相負(fu)荷可用安培表進(jin)行。
4、電容器(qi)(qi)組(zu)投入時環(huan)(huan)境溫(wen)(wen)度不(bu)能低于(yu)-40℃,運行時環(huan)(huan)境溫(wen)(wen)度1小(xiao)時,平均不(bu)超過(guo) 40℃,2小(xiao)時平均不(bu)得超過(guo) 30℃,及(ji)一年平均不(bu)得超過(guo) 20℃。如超過(guo)時,應采(cai)用人工冷卻(安裝風扇)或(huo)將(jiang)電容器(qi)(qi)組(zu)與電網斷開。
5、安裝地點的(de)溫(wen)度檢(jian)查(cha)和電(dian)容器外(wai)殼上最(zui)熱(re)點溫(wen)度的(de)檢(jian)查(cha)可(ke)以通過(guo)水(shui)銀溫(wen)度計等(deng)進(jin)行,并且做好溫(wen)度記錄(lu)(特別是夏季)。
6、電(dian)容器的工作電(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)流(liu),在使用時不得超過1.1倍(bei)額定(ding)電(dian)壓和(he)1.3倍(bei)額定(ding)電(dian)流(liu)。
7、接上電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器后,將引起電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)高,特別是負荷較輕(qing)時(shi),在此(ci)種情況下,應(ying)將部分電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器或全部電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器從(cong)電(dian)(dian)網中斷開。
8、電容器(qi)套管和支(zhi)持絕緣子表面應清(qing)潔(jie)、無破(po)損、無放電痕跡,電容器(qi)外殼應清(qing)潔(jie)、不變形、無滲(shen)油,電容器(qi)和鐵架子上面不應積滿灰塵和其他臟東西。
9、必須(xu)仔細地注意(yi)接(jie)有電(dian)容(rong)器組的電(dian)氣線(xian)路上所有接(jie)觸(chu)處(通(tong)電(dian)匯流排、接(jie)地線(xian)、斷路器、熔斷器、開關等)的可靠性。因為在線(xian)路上一個(ge)接(jie)觸(chu)處出(chu)了故(gu)障,甚至螺(luo)母旋得不緊,都可能(neng)使電(dian)容(rong)器早期損壞(huai)和使整個(ge)設備發生事故(gu)。
10、如果電容器在運行一段時間后,需要(yao)進行耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗(yan),則應按規定值進行試(shi)驗(yan)。
11、對電容器(qi)電容和熔絲(si)的(de)(de)檢查,每(mei)個月不得少于一次(ci)。在一年內要測(ce)電容器(qi)的(de)(de)tg2~3次(ci),目的(de)(de)是(shi)檢查電容器(qi)的(de)(de)可靠情(qing)況,每(mei)次(ci)測(ce)量都應在額(e)定電壓下或近于額(e)定值的(de)(de)條件下進行(xing)。
12、由于繼電器(qi)(qi)動作而使電容器(qi)(qi)組的斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)跳開,此時在未找出跳開的原(yuan)因之前,不得重新合上。
13、在(zai)運行(xing)或運輸過程中如發現電容(rong)器外殼漏油,可以用錫鉛(qian)焊料(liao)釬焊的(de)方法(fa)修理。
三、電力電容器保護措施有哪些
1、過電壓保護
過電壓是指電壓超過電力電容器的(de)額定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)壓(ya),嚴重的(de)情況下會(hui)導致電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器短路甚至(zhi)損壞(huai)。為了避免(mian)過電(dian)壓(ya)對電(dian)容(rong)器的(de)影響,我們可以(yi)采取以(yi)下措(cuo)施:
(1)安(an)裝過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護(hu)器(qi)(qi):過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)可以迅速檢測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的過(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)情況,并通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)觸發斷路器(qi)(qi)迅速切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)的供電(dian)(dian)(dian),以保護(hu)其安(an)全運(yun)行。
(2)合(he)理的電容(rong)器電壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)選擇(ze)(ze):在電容(rong)器的選型階(jie)段,應根(gen)據實際(ji)工作(zuo)環境和電網(wang)特性選擇(ze)(ze)合(he)適的電容(rong)器電壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji),以避免因電壓(ya)(ya)過高(gao)造(zao)成的損(sun)壞。
2、過電流保護
過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)其額(e)定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。過(guo)(guo)大(da)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會(hui)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)熱,損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)內部的介質。為了(le)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)免受過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的影響,我們可以(yi)采取(qu)以(yi)下措施:
(1)安裝過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護裝置:過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護裝置可以及時檢測(ce)到電(dian)(dian)流(liu)超過(guo)設(she)定值時的情況,并采(cai)取相應的措(cuo)施,如切斷電(dian)(dian)流(liu)或(huo)降低電(dian)(dian)流(liu),以保護電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的安全運行(xing)。
(2)合理(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器容(rong)(rong)量選(xuan)擇:在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)選(xuan)型過程中,應(ying)根據實際負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)選(xuan)擇適當的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器容(rong)(rong)量,以(yi)確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器在(zai)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)范圍內正常工作。
3、溫度保護
電(dian)(dian)容器在工(gong)作(zuo)過程(cheng)中會(hui)產(chan)生熱量(liang),過高的溫度會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容器內(nei)部介質老(lao)化(hua)甚至破裂。為了保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)容器的溫度不超過安(an)全范圍,我們可以(yi)(yi)采取以(yi)(yi)下(xia)措施:
(1)安裝溫(wen)度保(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置:溫(wen)度保(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置可以監測電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的溫(wen)度,當溫(wen)度超(chao)過設定值時,及時采取降溫(wen)措(cuo)施,以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的安全運(yun)行。
(2)合理的(de)散(san)熱(re)(re)設(she)計(ji)(ji):在電容器的(de)安裝過(guo)程中,應(ying)該(gai)考慮到(dao)散(san)熱(re)(re)條件,合理設(she)計(ji)(ji)電容器的(de)散(san)熱(re)(re)結構,以(yi)提(ti)高電容器的(de)散(san)熱(re)(re)效(xiao)果,降低(di)溫度。
4、電力電容器的防雷保護
雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)是電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的常見故障(zhang)原(yuan)因(yin)之一,強大的雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流會導致電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)瞬間損壞。為了保護電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)免受雷(lei)擊的影響(xiang),我們可以(yi)采取以(yi)下措(cuo)施:
(1)設置(zhi)防(fang)雷(lei)裝置(zhi):在電容器的安裝位置(zhi)上安裝防(fang)雷(lei)裝置(zhi),有效地將(jiang)雷(lei)電導入(ru)接(jie)地,減少對電容器的影響(xiang)。
(2)合(he)理的接地(di)措施:在(zai)電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的接地(di)過程中,應該采取合(he)理的接地(di)措施,確保接地(di)電阻符合(he)要求,減(jian)少雷電對電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的影(ying)響。