一、電力電容器怎么測量好壞

1、進行外觀檢查

檢查外觀是檢測電力電容器好(hao)壞的基本方法(fa)，主要是(shi)檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)容器(qi)外部是(shi)否(fou)有(you)明(ming)顯損壞，是(shi)否(fou)有(you)裂(lie)縫(feng)、鼓包、滲漏油的情況。此外，也需要檢(jian)查(cha)鏈接部分是(shi)否(fou)有(you)松動(dong)或腐(fu)蝕現象(xiang)，接觸是(shi)否(fou)良好(hao)。

2、進行電路檢查

通過使(shi)用數字萬用表、LCR表等測試儀器(qi)(qi)，在斷(duan)開電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)情況下，分別測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)兩(liang)端的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)等參數，以判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)是否正(zheng)常工作(zuo)。

3、進行絕緣測試

絕(jue)緣(yuan)測(ce)試(shi)是判(pan)斷電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能好壞的(de)(de)(de)重要手(shou)段。可(ke)以(yi)使用(yong)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻測(ce)試(shi)儀或萬用(yong)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)測(ce)試(shi)功能，將電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器與地之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)試(shi)。通常要求電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻應(ying)大(da)于一定閾值，否則說明電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能差，可(ke)能存在(zai)故障。

4、進行容量測試

需要使用(yong)專用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)測試(shi)設備或(huo)數字(zi)萬用(yong)表對(dui)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)進行(xing)測試(shi)，把(ba)測試(shi)結(jie)果(guo)與電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)標定值進行(xing)比較，如果(guo)差異較大(da)，則可能存在電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)下降(jiang)的問題，如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)下降(jiang)到一定程度則代表電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)失效。

5、進行運行溫度測試

電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器的運(yun)行溫(wen)(wen)度(du)是否正常(chang)(chang)是判(pan)斷電(dian)容(rong)運(yun)行狀態的重(zhong)要(yao)指標之(zhi)一，工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)可以使用紅外測(ce)溫(wen)(wen)儀或(huo)接觸式溫(wen)(wen)度(du)計(ji)進(jin)行測(ce)試，測(ce)量電(dian)容(rong)器外殼表面的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)。如果電(dian)容(rong)器表面溫(wen)(wen)度(du)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)高或(huo)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)低，則可能存在(zai)內部故障或(huo)不正常(chang)(chang)的工(gong)作(zuo)狀態。

二、電力電容器損壞的原因

1、電力電容器質量差

如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)廠(chang)家生(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)不良(liang)、加工(gong)(gong)粗糙(cao)，電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)運行(xing)時(shi)會出(chu)現放電(dian)(dian)擊穿，從而引發(fa)一系列故障(zhang)。

2、密封不良

由于廠家焊(han)接原(yuan)因、運(yun)輸(shu)或安裝(zhuang)不(bu)當，可能會造成電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)器密封不(bu)良，從(cong)而出現滲(shen)漏油故障，造成電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)器損壞。

3、環境溫度太高

當(dang)運行環境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)太(tai)高時，電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器內部會溫(wen)升(sheng)異(yi)常，導致電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器熱擊穿，從而加速絕緣介質(zhi)老化，造成電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器損壞。

4、過電壓、過電流運行

長(chang)期(qi)過電(dian)壓、過電(dian)流運行，會導致電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器內部擊穿放電(dian)，從而出(chu)現鼓肚損(sun)壞(huai)等故障。

5、合閘涌流

當電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)合閘(zha)瞬間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為零時(shi)，涌流(liu)數值(zhi)一切正常；當電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)合閘(zha)瞬間電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為較大時(shi)，合閘(zha)涌流(liu)的大小是幾十倍額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。這(zhe)會(hui)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的運行產生影響，甚至會(hui)導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)損壞(huai)。

6、帶電荷合閘

帶電(dian)荷合閘是明(ming)令禁止(zhi)的(de)(de)，因為帶電(dian)荷合閘造成爆(bao)炸(zha)事故的(de)(de)發生(sheng)，對(dui)企業的(de)(de)影響十(shi)分嚴重。

三、電力電容器損壞抑制措施

1、配置可調電抗器，操作過電壓過電流以及諧波放大有很好的抑制作用

（1）將電抗器(qi)調制到6%-9%范圍，可限(xian)制合閘電流(liu)。

（2）分(fen)閘(zha)操作錢，可(ke)以將電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)調(diao)制零，以降斷口恢復(fu)電(dian)(dian)壓，減少電(dian)(dian)弧重。

（3）進入(ru)穩定運(yun)行后，諧波(bo)很(hen)小時把電抗(kang)器的電感調制0，以便電力(li)電容器組(zu)發揮比較(jiao)高的補償效率，并式電力(li)電容器組(zu)極間電壓(ya)比較(jiao)低(di)。

2、利用晶閘管投切電力電容器組

（1）在電力電容器的(de)電壓變化率dUc/dt=0時投入，可使(shi)沖擊電流(liu)比較小。

（2）在晶閘(zha)管端電壓(ya)為0時投(tou)入(ru)，也可以使沖(chong)擊(ji)電流比較小。

兩(liang)種方法選擇一(yi)種就行，都可有效解決電力(li)電容器(qi)投入時(shi)產生的電流沖擊問題。

3、加裝避雷器抑制操作

加裝避雷器抑(yi)制(zhi)操作過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，建議采用限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器串聯在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器組之前的接(jie)(jie)線方(fang)式，利用MOA接(jie)(jie)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器進(jin)線端對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器組進(jin)行保護。

根據以上(shang)三種方(fang)法(fa)，采取相(xiang)應的抑制措施，有針(zhen)對性的進行(xing)解(jie)決(jue)。