一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)車發展越來越快，但(dan)人們(men)對于動力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的安全性(xing)一(yi)直(zhi)非常在意(yi)，誰都不希望自己花錢(qian)買來的電(dian)動汽(qi)車存在極大的安全風(feng)險，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護系統就是為了保護電(dian)池(chi)(chi)而設計(ji)的，俗稱電(dian)池(chi)(chi)保姆。

電池管理系統對于電池的(de)(de)保護(hu)，主要是通(tong)過下面兩種方式實現的(de)(de)：

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系統實時(shi)監控每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單元的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫度，通過(guo)精確的數據監測來確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)工(gong)作在(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)的安全參數范圍內。當任何關鍵指(zhi)標(biao)達到或(huo)(huo)(huo)超過(guo)預設(she)(she)閾(yu)值時(shi)，BMS會立即采(cai)取應對措施，例如切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)，從而避(bi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)熱、過(guo)充或(huo)(huo)(huo)過(guo)放，預防可能導致(zhi)的損壞甚至安全事故。

2、BMS電池管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)具備(bei)強大的(de)(de)故(gu)障檢測和診斷功能，它可以(yi)即時(shi)識別出電池系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中的(de)(de)異常行(xing)為，如電壓不穩、電流(liu)異常或是溫度突變(bian)等，并向駕駛(shi)員或維修人員發送(song)警報，這些及(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)反饋(kui)可以(yi)幫助(zhu)迅速解決潛在的(de)(de)問題，從(cong)而保障用戶的(de)(de)行(xing)車(che)安(an)全(quan)。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)保姆(mu)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)保護(hu)是(shi)它的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)功能之(zhi)一，一般電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統主(zhu)要(yao)有四(si)大保護(hu)功能：

1、過充保護

過(guo)(guo)充(chong)保護(hu)是(shi)指鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的升高到(dao)(dao)超出(chu)合理范圍(wei)(wei)后，會帶(dai)來不確(que)定(ding)的危險。而電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統的過(guo)(guo)充(chong)保護(hu)功能(neng)就是(shi)實(shi)時監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)到(dao)(dao)安全電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍(wei)(wei)頂點時，就切斷電(dian)(dian)源，防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的繼續升高，從而起到(dao)(dao)保護(hu)作用。

新能源汽車充電(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)池管理系(xi)統會實時(shi)監測(ce)電(dian)池組的每串電(dian)壓(ya)，只要有其中一(yi)串電(dian)壓(ya)到達過(guo)充保護值（三(san)元(yuan)的過(guo)充電(dian)壓(ya)默(mo)認為(wei)4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰(li)的過(guo)充電(dian)壓(ya)默(mo)認為(wei)3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)池管理系(xi)統就會切斷電(dian)源，整組鋰(li)電(dian)池都停止充電(dian)。

2、過放保護

過放保(bao)護是指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，如果把電(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)部(bu)放完耗(hao)盡(jin)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)的(de)化學材料(liao)就會(hui)失去活性，導致充不進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或容量下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統的(de)過放保(bao)護功(gong)能就是實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，當放電(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓最低點時(shi)，就切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)繼續下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，從而起到(dao)保(bao)護作用。

新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統會實時(shi)監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(zu)的每(mei)串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，只(zhi)要有其中一串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到達過(guo)放(fang)保護值（三元(yuan)的過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認為(wei)2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰的過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認為(wei)2.2V±0.1V），電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統就會切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，整組(zu)(zu)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都停(ting)止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

3、過流保護

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在給負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和功率的(de)(de)變(bian)化而變(bian)化，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很大(da)時(shi)，容(rong)易燒壞保護板、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池或設備。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系統的(de)(de)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保護功能就是(shi)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中實(shi)時(shi)監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超過(guo)安全范圍內(nei)時(shi)，就切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)經過(guo)，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)池或設備，從而起到保護作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實時監測電池(chi)組電流，只要(yao)到達了設定(ding)的過流保護值，電池(chi)管理系統就會切斷電源，整組鋰電池(chi)都停止充放電。

4、溫度保護

電(dian)池管理(li)系統的硬件(jian)保護板(ban)(ban)的溫(wen)控(kong)探頭是(shi)焊接到保護板(ban)(ban)內部主板(ban)(ban)的，不可(ke)拔插。溫(wen)控(kong)探頭能(neng)實時監測電(dian)池組(zu)或工(gong)作環境的溫(wen)度(du)變(bian)化，當監測到溫(wen)度(du)超出設定的值（硬件(jian)的溫(wen)控(kong)保護默認：充電(dian)-20~55℃，放(fang)電(dian)-40~75℃，可(ke)根(gen)據(ju)客(ke)戶的要求更改，客(ke)戶不能(neng)自(zi)行(xing)設置）時，斷開電(dian)池組(zu)的充放(fang)電(dian)，當溫(wen)度(du)恢(hui)復指(zhi)合理(li)范圍后，才可(ke)繼續充放(fang)電(dian)，起(qi)到保護作用(yong)。