一、電池管理系統為什么要進行均衡管理
電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理(li)系統是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)甚至是(shi)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的核心(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)控部件,對提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的安全性,延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命,提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的有效儲能,估算(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量具有重要意義。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理(li)系統一般要求均(jun)衡管(guan)理(li),這是(shi)為什(shen)么呢(ni)?
其實,電池(chi)管理系統之(zhi)所(suo)以需要進行均衡管理,是(shi)因為(wei)BMS是(shi)遵循短板效應(ying)的,因為(wei)某一節電芯(xin)的電壓(ya)比較(jiao)低會導致SOX的估算直接不準,明明其他(ta)電芯(xin)還有電,但(dan)是(shi)確有勁無(wu)處使(shi),對電池(chi)包的影(ying)響(xiang)還是(shi)非常大的。
動力電池在(zai)制作過程中,各個電池內部(bu)存在(zai)不一致(zhi)性,在(zai)使用過程中很容易造成(cheng)電池的過快(kuai)損耗,所(suo)以在(zai)電池的內部(bu)需要均衡管理(li)系統(tong)。
二、電池管理系統均衡管理方法有哪些
電池管理系統均衡(heng)管理(li)方法主要(yao)有被動(dong)均衡(heng)和主動(dong)均衡(heng)兩種:
1、被動均衡
一般采用旁路放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻實現對(dui)高(gao)能(neng)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使其跟模塊中(zhong)具有最小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)單體保(bao)持一致(zhi),該方(fang)案結構簡單,容易(yi)實現,但(dan)由(you)于(yu)每個單體并聯一個放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,從(cong)而損耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)并產(chan)生熱量,給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)熱管理提(ti)出了更高(gao)的(de)要求。
2、主動均衡
通過儲能原(yuan)件實(shi)現不均衡(heng)電(dian)池間的(de)(de)能量轉移(yi)。該類方(fang)案普遍結構(gou)復雜,硬(ying)件成本高,對系統的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性設計也提出了(le)較高的(de)(de)要求;但其能量利用率較高,是目前電(dian)池單體均衡(heng)研(yan)究的(de)(de)一個熱點。