一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車的朋(peng)友對ESP（車身電子(zi)穩定系(xi)統(tong)）、ABS（防抱死制動系(xi)統(tong)）、TCS（牽(qian)引力控制系(xi)統(tong)）等(deng)車載系(xi)統(tong)不會(hui)感到陌生(sheng)，在新能源車上還有一個非常重要的系(xi)統(tong)，它(ta)就是(shi)BMS（電池(chi)管理系(xi)統(tong)），它(ta)又叫(jiao)電池(chi)管家，那么它(ta)有什么作用呢？

據(ju)了(le)解，新(xin)能源汽車上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池管家是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)很龐大(da)的(de)(de)軟硬件集合體，包括(kuo)傳感器(qi)、中央處理器(qi)、執(zhi)行(xing)機構等(deng)(deng)，它的(de)(de)作(zuo)用主要是(shi)采集動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池系統的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、溫(wen)度(du)、電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)阻等(deng)(deng)數據(ju)，然后分(fen)析數據(ju)狀(zhuang)態和電(dian)(dian)池使用環境，對電(dian)(dian)池系統充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)進行(xing)監測和控制，從而(er)保證電(dian)(dian)池組在安全(quan)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)區間內，提供(gong)車輛控制所需(xu)的(de)(de)必需(xu)信息，在出現異常時(shi)及時(shi)響應并進行(xing)處理，它也會根據(ju)環境溫(wen)度(du)、電(dian)(dian)池狀(zhuang)態及車輛需(xu)求等(deng)(deng)決定電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)功率(lv)等(deng)(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統(tong)是對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行監(jian)控與控制的系統(tong)，將采(cai)集(ji)的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)信息實時反饋給用(yong)戶，同(tong)時根據采(cai)集(ji)的信息調(diao)節(jie)參數，充分(fen)發揮電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的性能(neng)，其功能(neng)主要有：

1、電池狀態分析

電池狀態分(fen)(fen)析最常見的(de)一種(zhong)就(jiu)是動力電池系統荷(he)電狀態（SOC）估算，SOC其實指的(de)就(jiu)是電池剩余電量和電池容量的(de)百(bai)分(fen)(fen)比。

SOC估算(suan)(suan)是(shi)BMS的(de)(de)核心功(gong)能，同時(shi)也是(shi)評估電(dian)(dian)動車續航里程的(de)(de)主(zhu)要參數(shu)。BMS通過(guo)遍布整個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)包的(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)檢測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)參數(shu)（電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流和溫度等）信(xin)息，有的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)精度非常高，1mv的(de)(de)變化(hua)都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)被識別出來，由于(yu)探測的(de)(de)信(xin)息準確外(wai)加優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)處理，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)量就可(ke)以(yi)被非常準確的(de)(de)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)出來。

在日常用車(che)過程中，車(che)主可(ke)以通過中控屏自(zi)主設置(zhi)SOC，SOC目標值可(ke)以理(li)解(jie)成車(che)輛電量平衡的目標值。當車(che)輛電量高(gao)于設置(zhi)值時(shi)，系統動(dong)力(li)分配(pei)會(hui)優先用電，降低(di)能耗；當車(che)輛電量低(di)于設置(zhi)值時(shi)，車(che)輛行駛時(shi)會(hui)有一部分動(dong)力(li)用于發電使電量上升，以保(bao)證用電需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過高或者過低(di)都會影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)活性，甚至(zhi)會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)不可逆(ni)的(de)物理損(sun)傷(shang)，最終影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)壽(shou)命，而BMS能夠為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池營造(zao)(zao)良好的(de)運行環境。比如在寒冷的(de)地區，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率降低(di)，這個時候BMS會調用(yong)(yong)加(jia)熱系(xi)統(tong)來(lai)讓(rang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)升溫(wen)(wen)使其達到舒適的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環境；如果在夏季(ji)或者是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池發熱的(de)情況(kuang)下，BMS會調用(yong)(yong)冷卻系(xi)統(tong)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)降溫(wen)(wen)，利用(yong)(yong)智能溫(wen)(wen)控系(xi)統(tong)大大提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)系統(tong)(tong)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)單體最(zui)(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高溫度、當前(qian)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以(yi)及當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等信(xin)息與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進(jin)(jin)行(xing)交互(hu)，從而使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)系統(tong)(tong)按照適配的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進(jin)(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高位后，BMS會限(xian)制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進(jin)(jin)入到“涓流模式”（使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正飽(bao)和、延(yan)長使(shi)用壽命(ming)），直到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結(jie)束(shu)最(zui)(zui)后斷開連接。

此(ci)外，BMS還(huan)會(hui)起到“均(jun)(jun)衡管(guan)理”的(de)作用，減小電(dian)(dian)池單(dan)體之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差，從而保證電(dian)(dian)芯充電(dian)(dian)的(de)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)性。這是因為電(dian)(dian)芯由于先(xian)天因素或者(zhe)工作溫度不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)各有不(bu)同，所(suo)以(yi)在充電(dian)(dian)的(de)過(guo)程中電(dian)(dian)芯里的(de)電(dian)(dian)容量會(hui)出現(xian)不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)情況，比如有的(de)電(dian)(dian)芯已(yi)經(jing)充滿電(dian)(dian)了，有的(de)卻還(huan)沒有充滿。BMS系(xi)統可以(yi)起到調節作用，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)芯充電(dian)(dian)幾乎可以(yi)同時完成(cheng)，比如通過(guo)旁路電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較高(gao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)芯放電(dian)(dian)，使(shi)其(qi)達到和其(qi)他電(dian)(dian)芯相同的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，最終達到整體均(jun)(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對(dui)故障信(xin)息進行分析，通(tong)過相關(guan)策略對(dui)電池(chi)系統進行保護和控制，同(tong)時讓(rang)故障燈點亮以(yi)便提醒車(che)主。

5、故障診斷

除(chu)了通信功(gong)(gong)能(neng)外，BMS還(huan)能(neng)起到(dao)故障診斷的功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。BMS會(hui)根據電芯參數和電池(chi)系統(tong)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)制定相應的故障閾值(zhi)表(biao)，BMS通過故障閾值(zhi)表(biao)對電池(chi)系統(tong)進行保(bao)護并上報故障類型，方便后期的故障排查以及檢修維護。