一、電池管理系統的基本功能
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)監控與控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),將采(cai)集的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)實時(shi)(shi)反饋給(gei)用(yong)戶,同時(shi)(shi)根據(ju)采(cai)集的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)調節參數(shu),充(chong)(chong)(chong)分發揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),其(qi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主(zhu)要有(you):1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)狀態分析:SOC估算是BMS的(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),同時(shi)(shi)也是評估電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車續(xu)航里程的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要參數(shu)。BMS通過遍布整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳感器(qi)檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)參數(shu)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和溫(wen)度(du)等)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi),由于探測的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)準(zhun)確(que)(que)外(wai)加優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)算法(fa)處(chu)理,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)就可以(yi)(yi)(yi)被(bei)非常(chang)準(zhun)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計算出來(lai)。2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)安全保護:BMS能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)營造良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)環境(jing)。比如在寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地區,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)降低,這(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)(shi)候BMS會調用(yong)加熱(re)(re)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)來(lai)讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)升溫(wen)使其(qi)達到舒適(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環境(jing);如果(guo)在夏季或者是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)發熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,BMS會調用(yong)冷(leng)卻(que)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)降溫(wen),利用(yong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)溫(wen)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)大(da)大(da)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理:充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi),BMS會把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)體(ti)最(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、最(zui)高(gao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、最(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)度(du)、當前允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)交(jiao)互,從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)按照適(shi)(shi)配的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)處(chu)于高(gao)位后(hou),BMS會限制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),進(jin)入到“涓(juan)流(liu)模(mo)式”(使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)真(zhen)正飽和、延長使用(yong)壽命),直(zhi)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結束最(zui)后(hou)斷(duan)開連接。4、通信(xin)(xin)(xin):BMS把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、溫(wen)度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC等數(shu)據(ju)通過CAN通信(xin)(xin)(xin)傳遞,最(zui)終我們在儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)上才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)很直(zhi)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)看到續(xu)航里程、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)等信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)。不僅如此,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對故障信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分析,通過相關(guan)策(ce)略(lve)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)保護和控制(zhi),同時(shi)(shi)讓故障燈點亮(liang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)便提醒(xing)車主(zhu)。5、故障診(zhen)斷(duan):除了通信(xin)(xin)(xin)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)外(wai),BMS還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)起到故障診(zhen)斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。BMS會根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)參數(shu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)定(ding)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障閾值表(biao)(biao),BMS通過故障閾值表(biao)(biao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)保護并上報故障類型,方(fang)便后(hou)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障排查以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)檢(jian)修(xiu)維護。
二、電池管理系統的英文縮寫為什么
電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)的(de)英(ying)文縮寫是BMS,它(ta)是英(ying)文BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM的(de)首字(zi)母縮寫,翻譯過(guo)來就是電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)。隨著新能源電(dian)動汽車的(de)廣泛應用(yong),電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容量、安全性、健康狀態與續航能力(li)日益成(cheng)為(wei)關注重點,電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)通過(guo)對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行監(jian)控與控制,可以將采(cai)集(ji)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)信(xin)息實時(shi)(shi)反饋給(gei)用(yong)戶(hu),同時(shi)(shi)根據采(cai)集(ji)的(de)信(xin)息調節參數,充(chong)分發揮電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)性能。
三、電池管理系統開發流程
1、電池管理系統開發的前期工作:電池管理系統的開發過程是從“確定BMS的拓撲結構”、“確定BMS的各項功能”、“動力電池特性測試”這三項工作開始的。2、電池管理系統軟硬件設計及實現:軟硬件設計及其實現是電池管理系統開發的主體工作,軟件的開發與硬件的開發工作是相輔相成的,即進行軟件開發的時候需要兼顧到各部分硬件的可執行為,而進行硬件設計的時候需要充分考慮到軟件算法復雜度。3、BMS單元測試及動力電池組整體測試:在完成電池管理系統硬件設計、制作以及軟件系統的編程、調試以后,所制訂的電池管理系統的各項基本功能就可以實現了。接下來需要做的就是大量的測試工作,其中包含BMS本身的單元測試以及整個動力電池組的整體測試。電池管理系統是一個比較復雜的系統,對開發要求較高,好的電池管理系統通常是專業的電池管理系統廠家開發出來的。
四、電池管理系統的工作原理是什么
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)由電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(主要進(jin)(jin)行數(shu)據(ju)采集,如:電(dian)(dian)壓參數(shu)、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)參數(shu)、溫(wen)度(du)、通信信號等(deng))、中間(jian)控制模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(主要與整車系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行通訊,控制充電(dian)(dian)機等(deng))和(he)顯示(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(主要進(jin)(jin)行數(shu)據(ju)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian),實現(xian)(xian)人機交互)三(san)部分組(zu)成,采用內部CAN總(zong)線(xian)技術實現(xian)(xian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之間(jian)的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)信息(xi)通訊。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)工作時,通過電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)檢測動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)中各單體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)來確定整個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai),并根據(ju)它們的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)對動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行對應的(de)(de)控制調整和(he)策略實施,實現(xian)(xian)對動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)及各單體的(de)(de)充放電(dian)(dian)管理(li)以保證動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)安全穩定地(di)運行。