一、電動車控制器的工作原理
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器的(de)基本(ben)原理是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)基本(ben)恒定的(de)條件下,采(cai)(cai)用斷(duan)續(xu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方法(fa),改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)平均值,來控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機速度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)大小。使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)運轉符合控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu),目前主要(yao)采(cai)(cai)取的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方法(fa)是PWM脈寬調制(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)機理(注(zhu):在所(suo)需的(de)時間(jian)內,將直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)調制(zhi)成等幅(fu)不等寬的(de)系列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)脈沖(chong),以達到控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)頻率、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)目的(de))。
電動車控制器(qi)是(shi)借(jie)助(zhu) PWM 電路來控制電機(ji)輸出功(gong)(gong)率(lv)的,實現(xian)開(kai)關調制作用的是(shi)高頻開(kai)關功(gong)(gong)率(lv)器(qi)件 MOS 管,用它(ta)來做執(zhi)行高頻斬波斷(duan)續供(gong)電的開(kai)關,從而(er)有效地解決了電機(ji)的速度和電流(liu)的操控性。
二、電動車控制器怎么接線
1、找(zhao)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正負極(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)門鎖線:正極(ji)(ji)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi))較(jiao)高(gao)的一端;負極(ji)(ji)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi))較(jiao)低的一端。所以(yi)我們用(yong)萬用(yong)表就可(ke)以(yi)找(zhao)到(dao)正負極(ji)(ji),先打(da)直流檔上,看那個電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)較(jiao)高(gao)較(jiao)低就可(ke)以(yi)區分開來了。
2、連接(jie)電源線(xian)(xian)和電門鎖(suo)線(xian)(xian):粗黑線(xian)(xian)為電瓶負(fu)極粗紅線(xian)(xian)為電瓶正(zheng)極在(zai)這兩根(gen)線(xian)(xian)旁邊有根(gen)細紅線(xian)(xian),為電門鎖(suo)線(xian)(xian)。正(zheng)確的(de)方法是找到鎖(suo)線(xian)(xian),把(ba)那兩根(gen)正(zheng)負(fu)極線(xian)(xian)直接(jie)接(jie)鎖(suo)上。接(jie)線(xian)(xian)的(de)時候要仔(zi)細的(de)檢查一下,車體(ti)到控制器的(de)線(xian)(xian)路里是否還(huan)有其他的(de)正(zheng)極線(xian)(xian)是由鎖(suo)控制的(de)。
3、對接白色學習(xi)線:接之前先把反轉線拔開,如(ru)果反轉線已經反拔開,就把電(dian)機正轉后拔開學習(xi)線即可。
4、測試霍(huo)爾(er)好壞(huai)的方法:霍(huo)爾(er)面向(xiang)(xiang)自己(印(yin)章面),管腳向(xiang)(xiang)下,從左(zuo)到右分別為:正極(ji)(開關霍(huo)爾(er)4.5V到24V,線性霍(huo)爾(er)5V)、負極(ji)、輸(shu)岀(信號),在正極(ji)和輸(shu)出(chu)接(jie)(jie)電阻(zu)(1到10K)。在負極(ji)和輸(shu)出(chu)間接(jie)(jie)一個發(fa)光二(er)(er)極(ji)管,用萬用表測量電壓,高電平(ping)等于電源電壓低電平(ping)約等于零。接(jie)(jie)電后用磁鐵靠近或遠離霍(huo)爾(er)可以看到發(fa)光二(er)(er)極(ji)管是(shi)否發(fa)光變(bian)化(hua)(hua)。如有變(bian)化(hua)(hua)就好的,沒變(bian)化(hua)(hua)就是(shi)壞(huai)的。
5、接(jie)儀表線(xian)(xian)(xian)和找(zhao)(zhao)出轉把(ba)線(xian)(xian)(xian):一般轉把(ba)線(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)紅黑藍、剎(cha)車線(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)棕色(se)(se)或白色(se)(se)黃(huang)色(se)(se)。轉把(ba)線(xian)(xian)(xian)比(bi)較(jiao)好(hao)找(zhao)(zhao),在線(xian)(xian)(xian)束(shu)末端找(zhao)(zhao)3極插(cha)頭的(de)端子,有紅色(se)(se)、黑色(se)(se)、藍色(se)(se)的(de)就是(shi)(shi)轉把(ba)線(xian)(xian)(xian);剎(cha)車信號線(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)2極插(cha)頭,一般是(shi)(shi)有棕色(se)(se)和黃(huang)色(se)(se)的(de)。對著顏色(se)(se)就可以(yi)找(zhao)(zhao)到了,實在找(zhao)(zhao)不到可以(yi)用(yong)萬用(yong)表測量。
6、接剎車斷電線:剎車線一般是單獨一根紫色的,同時還有紫色和黑色一起的。有些品牌電動車控制器后(hou)(hou)面有(you)兩(liang)根剎(cha)車斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電線(xian)(xian),只要把這兩(liang)個(ge)剎(cha)車斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電線(xian)(xian)搭在一起就會使車子出現斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電,前面的剎(cha)車把也有(you)想(xiang)通的兩(liang)個(ge)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電線(xian)(xian),和后(hou)(hou)面控制器的斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電線(xian)(xian)是相通的,你只要把后(hou)(hou)面的斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電線(xian)(xian)接到前面的剎(cha)車斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電線(xian)(xian)上久可以了。
7、自(zi)學習(xi)的(de)啟(qi)動:電路一(yi)接通(tong)會很快加(jia)速起來,啟(qi)動后(hou)一(yi)定要(yao)緩慢扭動速度控制(zhi)閥(fa),然后(hou)拔開學習(xi)線。
三、電動車控制器怎么保養
1、電動車控制器首先要注意防水
盡量不讓(rang)控制器淋雨(yu),安(an)裝(zhuang)時裝(zhuang)在座筒(tong),駕駛室內,或者安(an)裝(zhuang)在離地高的(de)地方,防止(zhi)雨(yu)天浸(jin)水。平時要注意控制器外(wai)表(biao)清潔(jie),這樣(yang)有(you)利于散熱(re),控制器使用壽命就會(hui)延長。
2、控制器引線插頭要保持清潔
這一點(dian)也是影響控(kong)制(zhi)器的薄弱環節,當控(kong)制(zhi)器引線接插頭收到污染的雨水浸泡(pao)后,要(yao)及(ji)時用清(qing)水或酒精(jing)清(qing)洗,避免氧化(hua)銹(xiu)蝕,防止造成接茬不實而使控(kong)制(zhi)器失效。
3、控制器不可長時間超負荷運行
時(shi)間久了容易使控(kong)制器內部元件老化,控(kong)制器性能降低,造車(che)車(che)子騎(qi)行(xing)噪音(yin)大動力不(bu)足。
4、在剎車時要注意盡量輕緩
動作過大或(huo)者剎車頻(pin)繁都會對電動車控(kong)制器造成損壞,也(ye)影響(xiang)騎(qi)行(xing)安全,尤其是在雨(yu)雪天,剎車需(xu)要謹(jin)慎,且剎且珍惜。