泰(tai)國(guo)(guo)是(shi)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)上最(zui)大(da)的(de)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo),產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)三分(fen)之一,自(zi)1991年(nian)其(qi)(qi),成為世(shi)(shi)界(jie)最(zui)大(da)的(de)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)和(he)出口(kou)(kou)國(guo)(guo),超過90%橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)用(yong)于出口(kou)(kou)。泰(tai)國(guo)(guo)從19世(shi)(shi)紀末開始天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)樹的(de)種植(zhi)(zhi),截至2021年(nian),泰(tai)國(guo)(guo)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)總種植(zhi)(zhi)面積約(yue)(yue)390多(duo)萬(wan)公頃,是(shi)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)種植(zhi)(zhi)面積第二(er)大(da)的(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia),僅次于印度尼西亞。泰(tai)國(guo)(guo)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地區(qu)多(duo)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)豐(feng)富(fu),生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)主要分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)泰(tai)國(guo)(guo)南(nan)部、東部和(he)東北(bei)部等地區(qu)。據(ju)天(tian)(tian)膠(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)協會(ANRPC) 數(shu)據(ju),2021年(nian)泰(tai)國(guo)(guo)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)約(yue)(yue)為484萬(wan)噸,產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)占(zhan)全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)的(de)35%,其(qi)(qi)中471萬(wan)噸用(yong)于出口(kou)(kou),產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)與出口(kou)(kou)量(liang)均穩(wen)居全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)第一。另據(ju)聯合國(guo)(guo)糧農(nong)組織數(shu)據(ju),2020年(nian)泰(tai)國(guo)(guo)初級形式的(de)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)為4703171噸。
印度尼(ni)西亞(ya)是世界上橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)最高的(de)國(guo)家(jia)之一,也是全球評(ping)級最高的(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)之一。印尼(ni)天(tian)然(ran)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)植起源于1876年,由于土地廣闊(kuo),勞(lao)動力充沛,天(tian)然(ran)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)植業(ye)發展迅速,2021年種(zhong)植面積(ji)(ji)達378萬(wan)公頃,同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)1.3%,收割面積(ji)(ji)達301萬(wan)公頃,同(tong)比(bi)(bi)微增(zeng)(zeng)0.8%,是世界天(tian)然(ran)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)植面積(ji)(ji)第(di)二大(da)國(guo)家(jia),僅次于泰國(guo)。印尼(ni)天(tian)然(ran)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)植區域主要分布在蘇(su)門答臘(la)(la)島(dao)和加(jia)里曼丹島(dao),整個(ge)蘇(su)門答臘(la)(la)島(dao)占(zhan)總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)75%,加(jia)里曼丹島(dao)占(zhan)20%。印尼(ni)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)約90%用于出口,其余橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)用于國(guo)內(nei)制造和汽車工(gong)業(ye)。據(ju)天(tian)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)協會(hui)(ANRPC) 數據(ju),2021年印度尼(ni)西亞(ya)天(tian)然(ran)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)約為(wei)312.2萬(wan)噸,同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)2.8%。另據(ju)聯合國(guo)糧農組織數據(ju),2020年印尼(ni)初級形式的(de)天(tian)然(ran)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)為(wei)3366415噸。
越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)是全(quan)球十大(da)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)之一(yi),因其獨特地(di)理(li)條件在橡(xiang)(xiang)膠樹種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)具有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然優勢,2021年(nian)(nian)(nian),越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)全(quan)國(guo)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠樹種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積已經超過(guo)100萬公頃,其種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)主要(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)高原地(di)區(qu),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積大(da)約占全(quan)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積的60%。越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)大(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠用于出口,世(shi)界(jie)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠第三大(da)出口國(guo)。據(ju)(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)協會(ANRPC) 數據(ju)(ju),2021年(nian)(nian)(nian),越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠產(chan)(chan)量(liang)120.3萬噸(dun)(dun)。此外,另據(ju)(ju)聯合國(guo)糧(liang)農組(zu)織數據(ju)(ju),越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠自(zi)2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)突(tu)破百萬噸(dun)(dun)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)后,持續(xu)上(shang)升,至2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)越(yue)(yue)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)初級(ji)形式(shi)的天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)到(dao)1226096噸(dun)(dun)。
印(yin)(yin)度(du)是(shi)世界十大天(tian)(tian)然(ran)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)生產國(guo)(guo)之一(yi),據天(tian)(tian)然(ran)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)生產國(guo)(guo)協會的(de)報告,2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)印(yin)(yin)度(du)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)產量降至第五位(wei),低于越南和(he)中國(guo)(guo)。印(yin)(yin)度(du)種植天(tian)(tian)然(ran)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)區(qu)域分布在西南部咯(ge)拉(la)拉(la)邦(bang)(bang)(bang),占總面積82%,東北部的(de)特(te)里(li)普拉(la)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)、阿薩姆邦(bang)(bang)(bang)、梅加(jia)拉(la)雅邦(bang)(bang)(bang)、那加(jia)蘭邦(bang)(bang)(bang)和(he)曼尼普爾邦(bang)(bang)(bang)等約占10%。據印(yin)(yin)度(du)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)委員(yuan)會數(shu)據,印(yin)(yin)度(du)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)種植面積從(cong)1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)75000公頃(qing)擴大到2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)830000公頃(qing),產量從(cong)1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)16000噸(dun)增(zeng)加(jia)到2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)780000噸(dun)。此外,另據聯合國(guo)(guo)糧(liang)農(nong)組織(zhi)數(shu)據,2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)印(yin)(yin)度(du)初級形式的(de)天(tian)(tian)然(ran)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)產量為962807噸(dun)。
科(ke)特(te)迪瓦(wa),又(you)叫象(xiang)牙海岸,不(bu)僅以可(ke)可(ke)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)而聞名(ming),還是橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)主要的生產(chan)(chan)(chan)國,擁有約75萬萬公頃的橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種植園,大型種植園面積為50080公頃,是非洲(zhou)最大的天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)國。據(ju)特(te)迪瓦(wa)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會數據(ju),科(ke)特(te)迪瓦(wa)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量將(jiang)持續(xu)增(zeng)長,2021年(nian)(nian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達(da)到(dao)(dao)110萬噸,直至(zhi)2025年(nian)(nian)將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)130萬噸的峰值。據(ju)聯合國糧(liang)農組(zu)織數據(ju),科(ke)特(te)迪瓦(wa)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量自2011年(nian)(nian)238717噸,迅猛增(zeng)長,至(zhi)2020年(nian)(nian),科(ke)特(te)迪瓦(wa)初級形(xing)式的天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達(da)到(dao)(dao)936061噸,增(zeng)長了近4倍,在世界(jie)排名(ming)第五。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)僅是(shi)世界天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)主要生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo),也是(shi)合(he)成橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的最大消費國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的主要進口(kou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)引種天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樹已(yi)有百(bai)余年(nian)(nian),截(jie)至2021年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)總種植面積約1125千(qian)公(gong)頃,橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)地主要分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)海(hai)南、云南、廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)海(hai)南、云南和(he)(he)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)建立(li)了(le)三個(ge)天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種植和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地以及廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)(xi)農(nong)墾(ken)植膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)園,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)最大的天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地是(shi)海(hai)南農(nong)墾(ken)。據(ju)天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)協會(ANRPC) 數(shu)據(ju),2021年(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)量85.1萬噸(dun),位(wei)居世界第四。此(ci)外,另據(ju)聯合(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)糧農(nong)組織數(shu)據(ju),2020年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)初級(ji)形式的天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)量為(wei)687600噸(dun),但中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)至2012年(nian)(nian)至2019年(nian)(nian)天(tian)然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)量穩定在(zai)80萬噸(dun)以上,2020年(nian)(nian)有所下(xia)降,2021年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量回升(sheng)。
馬(ma)(ma)來(lai)(lai)(lai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)亞地處(chu)東(dong)南亞,屬熱(re)帶雨(yu)林氣候,農業資源豐(feng)富,以經濟作物為(wei)(wei)主,棕(zong)櫚油、橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和水果(guo)的(de)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)和出(chu)口量(liang)(liang)居世界(jie)(jie)前列,也(ye)是世界(jie)(jie)十(shi)大天(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)國(guo)之(zhi)一。馬(ma)(ma)來(lai)(lai)(lai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)亞的(de)地理條件十(shi)分(fen)適宜橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樹(shu)生(sheng)長,全(quan)境日照(zhao)充足(zu),一年(nian)四季高溫多(duo)雨(yu)。馬(ma)(ma)來(lai)(lai)(lai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)亞作為(wei)(wei)世界(jie)(jie)人工(gong)栽(zai)培(pei)巴西(xi)(xi)(xi)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樹(shu)最早的(de)國(guo)家之(zhi)一,1970年(nian)種植面(mian)(mian)積達(da)到(dao)最高值201.9萬(wan)公(gong)頃,進入21世紀,橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樹(shu)的(de)種植面(mian)(mian)積開始減少,2021年(nian)種植面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)(wei)113.7萬(wan)公(gong)頃。2004年(nian),馬(ma)(ma)來(lai)(lai)(lai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)亞產(chan)量(liang)(liang)達(da)117萬(wan)噸,當時居世界(jie)(jie)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)國(guo)第三位。據天(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)國(guo)協(xie)會(hui)(ANRPC) 數據,2021年(nian),馬(ma)(ma)來(lai)(lai)(lai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)亞天(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)約為(wei)(wei)47萬(wan)噸,產(chan)量(liang)(liang)占全(quan)球總產(chan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)3.3%。此外,據聯合國(guo)糧農組織數據,馬(ma)(ma)來(lai)(lai)(lai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)亞天(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)從1988年(nian)峰(feng)值1661600噸,逐(zhu)年(nian)下降(jiang),至2020年(nian)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)僅514702噸。
危地馬(ma)拉位于北美(mei)洲大陸的(de)(de)南(nan)部(bu),1940年左(zuo)右,危地馬(ma)拉就通(tong)過(guo)美(mei)國(guo)農業(ye)部(bu)開始引進(jin)巴西(xi)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)樹(shu)(shu)進(jin)行橡(xiang)膠(jiao)種植,擁有超過(guo)10萬公(gong)頃的(de)(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)樹(shu)(shu)種植園(yuan)(yuan),是美(mei)洲第一大天(tian)然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)國(guo)。危地馬(ma)拉大多(duo)數種植園(yuan)(yuan)都位于南(nan)部(bu)海岸,主要產(chan)區(qu)在Retalhuleu、Suchitepéquez、Northern Transversal Strip、Alta Verapaz和Izabal。據聯合國(guo)糧農組織數據,危地馬(ma)拉初級(ji)形式的(de)(de)天(tian)然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)產(chan)量達到436409噸,超過(guo)巴西(xi),成為西(xi)半(ban)球(qiu)最大的(de)(de)天(tian)然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)國(guo)。
菲(fei)律(lv)賓是世界主要(yao)的(de)(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)國之(zhi)一(yi),以生產(chan)各種高品質橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)品來滿足客戶需求(qiu)而聞名(ming),屬于(yu)非常適合種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)國家之(zhi)一(yi),商業橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有著100多年的(de)(de)歷史。菲(fei)律(lv)賓天(tian)然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)南部,擁有約400萬(wan)英畝的(de)(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)園(161.87萬(wan)公(gong)頃)。據聯合國糧農(nong)組織數據,菲(fei)律(lv)賓天(tian)然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)飛速發(fa)展是在(zai)21世紀,在(zai)1998年天(tian)然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)量突破20萬(wan)噸,持續上升,至(zhi)2020年,菲(fei)律(lv)賓初(chu)級(ji)形式的(de)(de)天(tian)然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)量達到422407噸,成為世界十(shi)大天(tian)然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)國之(zhi)一(yi)。
柬埔(pu)寨位于中(zhong)(zhong)南半島南部,具備(bei)發展天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)橡膠產(chan)(chan)業(ye)的自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)條件,也是世(shi)界天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)橡膠主要生產(chan)(chan)國(guo)之一。柬埔(pu)寨的種植橡膠分布在中(zhong)(zhong)東(dong)部,種植園(yuan)(yuan)分為(wei)三大類型:小膠園(yuan)(yuan)、大膠園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)特許(xu)經(jing)濟土地膠園(yuan)(yuan)。據柬埔(pu)寨橡膠總(zong)局數(shu)據,柬埔(pu)寨共有404044公頃(qing)橡膠種植園(yuan)(yuan),其中(zhong)(zhong)310193公頃(qing)或(huo)77%可收(shou)獲(huo),2021年該國(guo)橡膠產(chan)(chan)量為(wei)36.8萬(wan)噸(dun),畝產(chan)(chan)為(wei)1200公斤/公頃(qing)。其中(zhong)(zhong),36.63萬(wan)噸(dun)(占(zhan)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)量99.5%)用于出口(kou),橡膠主要出口(kou)至馬來西亞、越南、新(xin)加坡和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)。此外,另(ling)據聯合(he)國(guo)糧農(nong)組織(zhi)數(shu)據,近(jin)年來,柬埔(pu)寨天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)橡膠產(chan)(chan)量逐年上升,在2007年天(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)橡膠產(chan)(chan)量僅179230噸(dun),至2020年增長至349300噸(dun),翻了一倍。
研究聲明:世(shi)界十(shi)大(da)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡膠生產(chan)國排行榜,是(shi)MAIGOO小編依據(ju)世(shi)界天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡膠產(chan)量最多的國家進行篩(shai)選(xuan),對比(bi)聯(lian)合國糧(liang)農組織(zhi)數(shu)據(ju)及(ji)各國官方統計的天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡膠產(chan)量、天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡膠種植面積等數(shu)據(ju),排名以聯(lian)合國糧(liang)農組織(zhi)關于2020年(nian)初級(ji)形(xing)式(shi)的天(tian)(tian)(tian)然橡膠產(chan)量數(shu)據(ju)為標準(zhun),數(shu)據(ju)僅供參(can)考(kao),具體以官方發(fa)布為準(zhun),歡迎(ying)在末尾評論/交流。