簡介
皎(jiao)口水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫所在河(he)流(liu)(liu)――樟溪,是甬江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系奉化江上游的主(zhu)要支流(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)一,發源于四明山對崗嶺東(dong)部蓮花村(cun),主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)自西(xi)南(nan)向(xiang)東(dong)北(bei)流(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)北(bei)溪、李家坑、周(zhou)(zhou)公宅、杜岙(ao)、大(da)皎(jiao)等地(di),與(yu)小皎(jiao)溪匯合(he)后出皎(jiao)口水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,并折(zhe)向(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)流(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)章水(shui)(shui)(shui)鎮和鄞(yin)江鎮,再由鄞(yin)江向(xiang)東(dong)入奉化江、鄞(yin)江鎮以上集水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積348.7平(ping)方(fang)公里(li),主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)長58.4 Km,其中(zhong)(zhong)已蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)的周(zhou)(zhou)公宅水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫壩址集水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積132 平(ping)方(fang)公里(li),主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)長27.75 Km,流(liu)(liu)域(yu)地(di)形主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)低山及丘陵,山嶺高程(cheng)一般在300~900之(zhi)(zhi)間,最高峰(feng)為(wei)(wei)976米,地(di)勢(shi)自西(xi)南(nan)向(xiang)北(bei)傾斜,河(he)道落差較大(da),源短流(liu)(liu)急(ji),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)植被(bei)良好(hao),水(shui)(shui)(shui)土保持(chi)較好(hao)。土壤(rang)主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)及黃(huang)壤(rang),海拔200米以下為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang),500米以上為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)壤(rang),其中(zhong)(zhong)間為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)(hong)黃(huang)壤(rang)亞類土壤(rang)并與(yu)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)穿插。
氣候
本流域(yu)屬亞(ya)熱帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣候(hou)區,總的(de)氣候(hou)特征(zheng)是(shi):冬夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)交(jiao)替顯(xian)著,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)溫適中,四季(ji)(ji)分明,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)豐沛,日照充足(zu),流域(yu)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)1781mm,多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)日157日,最多185日,最少年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)126日,降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)時空分布不均(jun),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)際、年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內變(bian)化(hua)顯(xian)著,實測最豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)2225 mm(1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),最枯年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)982.7 mm(1967年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),豐枯年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)之比為2.3倍。本地3、4月(yue)(yue)份是(shi)西北季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)減(jian)退和(he)東南季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)開始增強期,冷(leng)(leng)暖空氣交(jiao)匯(hui),形成(cheng)綿綿春雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),4月(yue)(yue)中旬至(zhi)7月(yue)(yue)中旬,夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)暖氣流與南下的(de)冷(leng)(leng)空氣相遇(yu),本地有持續時間較長的(de)鋒面雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、陰雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)連綿,降(jiang)(jiang)水集中,俗稱梅(mei)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu);夏(xia)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)常受(shou)副高壓脊控制,降(jiang)(jiang)水主要為臺(tai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)暴雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)局(ju)部雷(lei)陣(zhen)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),若(ruo)夏(xia)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)受(shou)臺(tai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)熱帶風(feng)(feng)(feng)暴影響較少,則易(yi)造成(cheng)高溫干旱,11月(yue)(yue)至(zhi)翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue),受(shou)冷(leng)(leng)高壓控制,天(tian)氣以晴冷(leng)(leng)為主,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)較少。
周邊環境
流(liu)域(yu)內現(xian)有水(shui)利工程較(jiao)少,總庫(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)在100萬立方(fang)米(mi)以上的(de)水(shui)庫(ku)有周公宅水(shui)庫(ku)和榧樹(shu)(shu)潭水(shui)庫(ku),周公宅水(shui)庫(ku)建于2003年,總庫(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)11180萬立方(fang)米(mi),正常(chang)蓄(xu)水(shui)庫(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)9570萬立方(fang)米(mi),榧樹(shu)(shu)潭水(shui)庫(ku)建于1991年,總庫(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)514萬立方(fang)米(mi),正常(chang)庫(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)220萬立方(fang)米(mi),上游河(he)(he)道坡陡流(liu)急,下(xia)游河(he)(he)道坡度較(jiao)為平緩,流(liu)域(yu)內植被較(jiao)好,人類活(huo)動影響較(jiao)小。
功用
皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)是一座以防洪(hong)、灌(guan)溉為主,結合發電(dian)、養魚、供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的綜合利(li)用(yong)的大(二)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)于1970年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)動(dong)工(gong)(gong)興建,1973年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)封孔蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),1975年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完工(gong)(gong),1980年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)電(dian)站三(san)臺(tai)機組(zu)全部投入運行,1980年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)廳組(zu)織(zhi)對皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)進行竣工(gong)(gong)驗收,1998年(nian)(nian)機組(zu)容量從原來(lai)3×1250千瓦(wa)增至3×1600千瓦(wa),保壩(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于1984年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)動(dong)工(gong)(gong),1988年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)底完工(gong)(gong),1990年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)通過保壩(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)驗收,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)集水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積259平(ping)方公里,總庫(ku)容1.198億立方米,樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由攔河大壩(ba)(ba)、壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)泄洪(hong)洞(dong)、壩(ba)(ba)頂溢(yi)洪(hong)道、發電(dian)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)和壩(ba)(ba)后式電(dian)站組(zu)成,皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)屬于Ⅱ等(deng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),大壩(ba)(ba)溢(yi)洪(hong)道、泄洪(hong)洞(dong)、發電(dian)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)按2級建筑物(wu)設(she)計,電(dian)站按四級建筑物(wu)設(she)計,設(she)計洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為百(bai)年(nian)(nian)一遇,校核洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)二千年(nian)(nian)一遇。
修繕
1984年至1988年根(gen)據水(shui)(shui)利(li)部頒(ban)發的《水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電樞紐工(gong)程(cheng)等(deng)級劃分及設計標(biao)準(zhun)》及省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)廳下達(da)的浙水(shui)(shui)法(78)第520號文要(yao)求(qiu),對皎口水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)進(jin)行保壩(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)程(cheng),主要(yao)項目(mu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體由原78.0米(mi)高程(cheng)升至79.4米(mi),加高1.4米(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂上游面(mian)設混凝土(tu)防浪(lang)墻,墻高1.2米(mi);壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂加寬5米(mi),達(da)到10米(mi);溢流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段工(gong)作橋(qiao)(兼交通橋(qiao))抬高0.6米(mi),橋(qiao)面(mian)增寬3.2米(mi);新建改(gai)建啟(qi)(qi)閉機(ji)室;更新設計制(zhi)(zhi)作安裝(zhuang)6扇弧型(xing)閘門(men),并(bing)改(gai)制(zhi)(zhi)啟(qi)(qi)閉設備。經(jing)過保壩(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)程(cheng),最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高達(da)到67.4米(mi),總庫(ku)容達(da)到1.198億立(li)方米(mi)。
浙(zhe)江省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)廳浙(zhe)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管52號文《關于下達牛(niu)頭(tou)山水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)等水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)的通知》,皎(jiao)(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)列(lie)入(ru)2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)安(an)(an)鑒(jian)計(ji)(ji)劃,根(gen)據文件(jian)精神,鄞(yin)州區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)局(ju)成立(li)皎(jiao)(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)領導(dao)小組(zu),皎(jiao)(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)成立(li)以局(ju)長(chang)為(wei)組(zu)長(chang)的工(gong)作(zuo)班子。按照(zhao)大(da)(da)(da)綱要(yao)求,皎(jiao)(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)管理局(ju)委(wei)托水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)部水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)金屬(shu)結(jie)構質量(liang)檢(jian)驗測(ce)試中心、省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)勘(kan)測(ce)設(she)計(ji)(ji)院(yuan)(yuan)、省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)河口(kou)研究院(yuan)(yuan)等設(she)計(ji)(ji),科研單位,開(kai)展《閘門(men)及(ji)啟閉(bi)機(ji)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)檢(jian)測(ce)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑物(wu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)復(fu)核(he)(he)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)穩定(ding)分析(xi)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)復(fu)核(he)(he)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)滲流(liu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評價報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)工(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)評價報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)應力復(fu)核(he)(he)及(ji)變形觀測(ce)資料分析(xi)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《電(dian)站(zhan)機(ji)組(zu)機(ji)電(dian)檢(jian)測(ce)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)綜合報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》等9項專(zhuan)題(ti)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的檢(jian)測(ce)編定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo),至2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)底各項檢(jian)測(ce)及(ji)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)編定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)結(jie)束(shu),2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月下旬,省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)廳組(zu)織有(you)部門(men)專(zhuan)家(jia)對皎(jiao)(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)進(jin)行安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding),2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,經過(guo)專(zhuan)家(jia)組(zu)第二會議,通過(guo)《大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)書(shu)》安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)結(jie)論,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)等級為(wei)二類壩(ba)(ba),(具體內容見(jian)附(fu)錄大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)書(shu))2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)勘(kan)測(ce)設(she)計(ji)(ji)院(yuan)(yuan)完成《皎(jiao)(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)加(jia)固改造(zao)初(chu)步(bu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月經寧波市發展和改革委(wei)員(yuan)會批(pi)復(fu)立(li)項,區府(fu)已把皎(jiao)(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)加(jia)固改造(zao)工(gong)程(cheng)列(lie)入(ru)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)計(ji)(ji)劃。