簡介
皎(jiao)(jiao)口水庫(ku)(ku)所在(zai)(zai)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)――樟溪(xi),是甬江(jiang)水系奉(feng)化江(jiang)上(shang)游的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)之一,發源(yuan)于四明(ming)山(shan)對(dui)崗嶺(ling)東(dong)部(bu)蓮花村,主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)自(zi)西南向(xiang)東(dong)北流(liu)(liu)(liu)經北溪(xi)、李家坑(keng)、周(zhou)公(gong)宅、杜岙(ao)、大皎(jiao)(jiao)等地,與小皎(jiao)(jiao)溪(xi)匯合后出皎(jiao)(jiao)口水庫(ku)(ku),并(bing)折(zhe)向(xiang)東(dong)南流(liu)(liu)(liu)經章水鎮和鄞(yin)江(jiang)鎮,再由鄞(yin)江(jiang)向(xiang)東(dong)入奉(feng)化江(jiang)、鄞(yin)江(jiang)鎮以(yi)上(shang)集(ji)水面積348.7平(ping)方公(gong)里(li),主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)長58.4 Km,其(qi)中已蓄水的周(zhou)公(gong)宅水庫(ku)(ku)壩址集(ji)水面積132 平(ping)方公(gong)里(li),主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)長27.75 Km,流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)地形主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)低山(shan)及丘陵,山(shan)嶺(ling)高程一般在(zai)(zai)300~900之間(jian),最高峰為(wei)(wei)(wei)976米(mi),地勢自(zi)西南向(xiang)北傾斜,河道落(luo)差較(jiao)大,源(yuan)短流(liu)(liu)(liu)急,流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)植被良(liang)好,水土(tu)(tu)保持較(jiao)好。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)及黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)(rang),海拔200米(mi)以(yi)下為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang),500米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)(rang),其(qi)中間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅(hong)黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)亞類土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)并(bing)與紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)穿插。
氣候
本流(liu)域(yu)屬亞(ya)熱帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區,總(zong)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)征是:冬夏(xia)(xia)(xia)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)交(jiao)(jiao)替顯著(zhu)(zhu),年(nian)(nian)溫(wen)適中(zhong),四季(ji)(ji)分明,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)豐(feng)沛(pei),日(ri)照充(chong)足,流(liu)域(yu)多年(nian)(nian)平均降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1781mm,多年(nian)(nian)平均雨(yu)(yu)(yu)日(ri)157日(ri),最多185日(ri),最少年(nian)(nian)126日(ri),降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)空分布不均,年(nian)(nian)際、年(nian)(nian)內變化顯著(zhu)(zhu),實測最豐(feng)年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2225 mm(1981年(nian)(nian)),最枯年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)982.7 mm(1967年(nian)(nian)),豐(feng)枯年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)之比為2.3倍(bei)。本地(di)(di)3、4月份是西北季(ji)(ji)風(feng)減退(tui)和(he)東南季(ji)(ji)風(feng)開始(shi)增(zeng)強期,冷(leng)暖空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)匯,形成綿綿春雨(yu)(yu)(yu),4月中(zhong)旬至7月中(zhong)旬,夏(xia)(xia)(xia)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)的(de)(de)暖氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)與南下的(de)(de)冷(leng)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相遇,本地(di)(di)有持續時(shi)間較(jiao)長的(de)(de)鋒面雨(yu)(yu)(yu)、陰雨(yu)(yu)(yu)連(lian)綿,降水集(ji)中(zhong),俗(su)稱梅雨(yu)(yu)(yu);夏(xia)(xia)(xia)秋季(ji)(ji)常受(shou)副高(gao)壓脊控制,降水主要為臺風(feng)暴雨(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)局部雷陣(zhen)雨(yu)(yu)(yu),若(ruo)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)秋季(ji)(ji)受(shou)臺風(feng)和(he)熱帶風(feng)暴影響較(jiao)少,則易造(zao)成高(gao)溫(wen)干旱,11月至翌年(nian)(nian)2月,受(shou)冷(leng)高(gao)壓控制,天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)晴冷(leng)為主,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)少。
周邊環境
流域內現有水利工程較少,總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容在100萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米以(yi)上(shang)的水庫(ku)(ku)有周(zhou)公(gong)宅水庫(ku)(ku)和榧樹(shu)潭(tan)水庫(ku)(ku),周(zhou)公(gong)宅水庫(ku)(ku)建于2003年(nian),總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容11180萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米,正常蓄水庫(ku)(ku)容9570萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米,榧樹(shu)潭(tan)水庫(ku)(ku)建于1991年(nian),總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容514萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米,正常庫(ku)(ku)容220萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米,上(shang)游河道(dao)(dao)坡陡流急,下游河道(dao)(dao)坡度較為(wei)平緩,流域內植被較好,人類活動(dong)影響較小(xiao)。
功用
皎(jiao)口(kou)(kou)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)是一(yi)座(zuo)以防(fang)洪、灌溉為主(zhu),結合發(fa)電(dian)、養魚、供水(shui)的(de)(de)綜合利用的(de)(de)大(二)型水(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)于(yu)1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)動工(gong)(gong)(gong)興(xing)建,1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)封孔蓄水(shui),1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)主(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong),1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)電(dian)站三臺機組(zu)全部投(tou)入運行,1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)省水(shui)利廳組(zu)織對(dui)皎(jiao)口(kou)(kou)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)進行竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou),1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)機組(zu)容量從原來3×1250千(qian)瓦(wa)增至(zhi)3×1600千(qian)瓦(wa),保壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于(yu)1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)動工(gong)(gong)(gong),1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)底完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong),1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)通過保壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)驗收(shou),水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)集水(shui)面積259平方公(gong)里,總庫(ku)(ku)容1.198億立方米,樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由攔河大壩(ba)、壩(ba)體(ti)泄洪洞(dong)(dong)、壩(ba)頂(ding)溢洪道、發(fa)電(dian)輸(shu)水(shui)洞(dong)(dong)和壩(ba)后式(shi)電(dian)站組(zu)成(cheng),皎(jiao)口(kou)(kou)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)屬(shu)于(yu)Ⅱ等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),大壩(ba)溢洪道、泄洪洞(dong)(dong)、發(fa)電(dian)輸(shu)水(shui)洞(dong)(dong)按(an)2級建筑(zhu)物(wu)設計(ji)(ji),電(dian)站按(an)四級建筑(zhu)物(wu)設計(ji)(ji),設計(ji)(ji)洪水(shui)為百年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇(yu),校核洪水(shui)二千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)。
修繕
1984年(nian)至(zhi)1988年(nian)根據水(shui)利(li)部頒發的《水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電樞(shu)紐工程(cheng)等級劃分及(ji)(ji)設計(ji)標準(zhun)》及(ji)(ji)省水(shui)利(li)廳下達的浙水(shui)法(78)第(di)520號文要(yao)(yao)求,對皎口水(shui)庫進行保(bao)壩(ba)工程(cheng),主要(yao)(yao)項目壩(ba)體(ti)由原78.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)升(sheng)至(zhi)79.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),加高(gao)(gao)(gao)1.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)頂上游面設混凝土防浪墻,墻高(gao)(gao)(gao)1.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);壩(ba)頂加寬5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),達到10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);溢流壩(ba)段工作(zuo)橋(qiao)(兼交通橋(qiao))抬高(gao)(gao)(gao)0.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),橋(qiao)面增寬3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);新建(jian)改(gai)建(jian)啟閉機室;更新設計(ji)制作(zuo)安裝(zhuang)6扇弧型(xing)閘(zha)門(men),并(bing)改(gai)制啟閉設備。經過保(bao)壩(ba)工程(cheng),最大壩(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達到67.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),總庫容達到1.198億立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
浙江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳浙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管52號文《關于(yu)下達牛頭山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)等水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的通(tong)知》,皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)列入(ru)2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)安(an)(an)鑒(jian)計劃(hua),根據文件精神(shen),鄞州(zhou)區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局(ju)成立皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)領導小組,皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)成立以局(ju)長為組長的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)班子。按照大(da)(da)綱要求,皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管理(li)局(ju)委托水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)部水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)金屬結(jie)(jie)構質(zhi)量檢(jian)驗(yan)測試(shi)中心、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)勘測設(she)計院、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)河口(kou)研(yan)究院等設(she)計,科研(yan)單(dan)位,開展(zhan)《閘門及啟(qi)閉機(ji)安(an)(an)全(quan)檢(jian)測報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)建筑(zhu)物安(an)(an)全(quan)復(fu)核報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)穩定(ding)分析(xi)報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)復(fu)核報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)滲流安(an)(an)全(quan)評價報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量評價報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)應力(li)復(fu)核及變形觀測資(zi)料分析(xi)報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《電(dian)站(zhan)機(ji)組機(ji)電(dian)檢(jian)測報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)綜合報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)》等9項(xiang)專(zhuan)題報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)的檢(jian)測編定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),至2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)底各項(xiang)檢(jian)測及報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)編定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)結(jie)(jie)束,2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月下旬,省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳組織(zhi)有部門專(zhuan)家對皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)進行安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding),2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月,經過(guo)專(zhuan)家組第(di)二(er)會(hui)議,通(tong)過(guo)《大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)書》安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)結(jie)(jie)論,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)安(an)(an)全(quan)等級為二(er)類壩(ba)(ba),(具體(ti)內容(rong)見附錄大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)書)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)勘測設(she)計院完成《皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)加(jia)固(gu)改造初(chu)步設(she)計報(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)》2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月經寧波市(shi)發展(zhan)和(he)改革委員會(hui)批復(fu)立項(xiang),區府(fu)已把皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)加(jia)固(gu)改造工(gong)(gong)(gong)程列入(ru)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程計劃(hua)。