相傳很久以前,天(tian)和(he)(he)地還沒分開(kai),就(jiu)象很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雞蛋(dan)(dan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang),里(li)面有一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)叫盤古(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)類祖(zu)先。一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬八(ba)千年以后(hou),盤古(gu)心里(li)憋悶,渾(hun)身(shen)(shen)像繩(sheng)子(zi)捆著一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)不好受,想(xiang)活動活動筋骨(gu),胳膊一(yi)(yi)(yi)伸腿一(yi)(yi)(yi)蹬,“咔嚓”一(yi)(yi)(yi)聲,大(da)雞蛋(dan)(dan)被蹬碎了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。蛋(dan)(dan)殼(ke)里(li)輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)東西(xi)慢慢上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)為(wei)(wei)天(tian),重的(de)(de)(de)(de)東西(xi)慢慢下沉為(wei)(wei)地,天(tian)和(he)(he)地裂開(kai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條縫。他想(xiang)站起來(lai)(lai)走(zou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)走(zou),可覺(jue)得天(tian)離地太(tai)(tai)低,就(jiu)手撐天(tian),腳(jiao)蹬地,使勁把天(tian)往上(shang)(shang)拖(tuo)。盤古(gu)手拖(tuo)著天(tian)站起來(lai)(lai),身(shen)(shen)子(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)長一(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang),天(tian)也一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)高一(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)。又過了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬八(ba)千年,盤古(gu)身(shen)(shen)高九萬里(li),天(tian)也升(sheng)高了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)九萬里(li)。盤古(gu)開(kai)天(tian)辟地,流(liu)盡了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)汗水,耗(hao)盡了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)力氣,不久就(jiu)累死了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。盤古(gu)死后(hou),身(shen)(shen)體上(shang)(shang)所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切轉化成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)世(shi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)萬事萬物,嘴里(li)呼出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)風和(he)(he)云彩,聲音變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)雷(lei)霆,左眼變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)陽,右眼變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)月亮,胳膊變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)山(shan)岳,骨(gu)頭變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)地下的(de)(de)(de)(de)寶藏,血液變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)江河(he),經脈變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)地理,肌肉(rou)變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)田土,發(fa)髭變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)草(cao)木(mu),汗流(liu)變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)雨(yu)……后(hou)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)紀念(nian)盤古(gu),在邵原東修建了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)盤古(gu)寺。盤古(gu)出(chu)世(shi)掙(zheng)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)殼(ke),埋在太(tai)(tai)行(xing)山(shan)下,慢慢變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)細(xi)膩的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)頭。后(hou)來(lai)(lai),人(ren)們用這種石(shi)頭制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)不滲水的(de)(de)(de)(de)硯(yan)(yan)臺,這就(jiu)是著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)“盤硯(yan)(yan)”。 [4]
女媧摶土造人
傳說女(nv)媧從西邊天經邵原,走到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)河邊洗(xi)臉,黃(huang)(huang)河水里(li)映(ying)照出了(le)她的(de)身(shen)影(ying),她若(ruo)有所思,能有一(yi)(yi)個和(he)自己(ji)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)物種多好呀!她順手(shou)抓起一(yi)(yi)把黃(huang)(huang)土,摻上(shang)黃(huang)(huang)河水摶了(le)一(yi)(yi)塊黃(huang)(huang)泥,照著(zhu)自己(ji)的(de)影(ying)子揉捏(nie)了(le)一(yi)(yi)個和(he)自己(ji)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)小(xiao)東西。她越揉捏(nie)越像自己(ji),心里(li)一(yi)(yi)高(gao)興,小(xiao)東西失手(shou)掉(diao)到(dao)地上(shang),她趕忙去(qu)抓,抓掉(diao)了(le)小(xiao)龍尾。正在遺憾之間,掉(diao)到(dao)地上(shang)的(de)小(xiao)精(jing)靈一(yi)(yi)沾土地,竟(jing)活了(le)起來,并沖著(zhu)她喊叫“媽媽”,歡(huan)蹦亂跳的(de)慶祝自己(ji)小(xiao)生命的(de)誕(dan)生,她給這(zhe)個小(xiao)生靈起了(le)個名字叫“人(ren)”。
女媧(wa)在(zai)歡喜(xi)之中,就不(bu)停手的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個一(yi)(yi)個不(bu)斷地(di)揉捏(nie),伏羲又來幫(bang)助小(xiao)生(sheng)靈生(sheng)出(chu)陰陽,分為男女。他(ta)們這樣揉來捏(nie)去,時間久(jiu)了也覺得(de)太過勞神,就用藤(teng)條抖甩黃(huang)泥(ni),沒想到(dao)泥(ni)點子落(luo)(luo)到(dao)地(di)上,竟(jing)然也變成(cheng)了活蹦歡跳的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)人。女媧(wa)一(yi)(yi)高(gao)興(xing),用力過大,將泥(ni)點子濺到(dao)待落(luo)(luo)嶺上的(de)(de)(de)石崖(ya)上。因娃(wa)(wa)娃(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)腳踏不(bu)到(dao)黃(huang)土地(di)上,也就沒有(you)生(sheng)命,形成(cheng)了光滑(hua)的(de)(de)(de)雕塑圖(tu)(tu)案。這些圖(tu)(tu)案極似嬰兒之臂(bei)、臀、腿、后腦,憨態可掬,酷似無數個形態各異的(de)(de)(de)淺黃(huang)色娃(wa)(wa)娃(wa)(wa)爬滿崖(ya)壁,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生(sheng),人們叫(jiao)(jiao)它(ta)“娃(wa)(wa)娃(wa)(wa)崖(ya)”。后人也一(yi)(yi)直在(zai)這里燒香祈(qi)子,所以也有(you)人叫(jiao)(jiao)她(ta)“祈(qi)子崖(ya)”。
女媧(wa)親手摶造的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)人聰明富貴,用(yong)藤條抽出的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)人平凡貧窮。女媧(wa)看著周圍的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)生命高興地說:“我(wo)創造了你們(men)(men)(men),給了你們(men)(men)(men)生命,你們(men)(men)(men)要結成伴侶(lv)繁衍生息,使生命永(yong)存(cun)。”從此,便有了人類,男女聯(lian)姻,繁衍生息不斷。
傳說(shuo)黃帝與(yu)蚩(chi)尤(you)大戰(zhan)邵(shao)原之(zhi)后,這里(li)又(you)發生(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)共(gong)工與(yu)顓頊(xu)爭帝大戰(zhan)。共(gong)工久戰(zhan)不(bu)(bu)勝,憤(fen)怒之(zhi)下(xia)用頭撞(zhuang)向不(bu)(bu)周山(shan)(shan)(shan)。只聽得“轟隆”一(yi)(yi)聲巨(ju)(ju)響,霎時(shi)間,天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)昏(hun)地暗,地動(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)搖(yao),不(bu)(bu)周山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱峰(feng)被撞(zhuang)倒(dao)(dao)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱倒(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le),東南方(fang)的(de)地陷下(xia)去(qu)了(le)(le)(le),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)像西北(bei)倒(dao)(dao)去(qu),日月星(xing)星(xing)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)照位了(le)(le)(le),銀河(he)(he)水(shui)流下(xia)人間。毒蛇(she)猛獸也(ye)趁機(ji)傷害人,特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)黑龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)那(nei)(nei)條殘(can)暴的(de)黑龍,更是(shi)(shi)(shi)乘(cheng)機(ji)興風(feng)作浪,毀壞田壟(long),掀翻房屋(wu),吞噬(shi)人和牲畜。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi),女(nv)(nv)媧要煉(lian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。女(nv)(nv)媧撿來(lai)(lai)各種(zhong)顏色的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭,堆積在銀洞河(he)(he)旁,又(you)用她(ta)那(nei)(nei)無限(xian)伸長的(de)蛇(she)尾,卷(juan)來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)黃河(he)(he)泥漿(jiang),把(ba)石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭粘(zhan)合(he)在一(yi)(yi)起,并從山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)采來(lai)(lai)柴草,從昆侖山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)取來(lai)(lai)火(huo)種(zhong),點燃柴草,開始冶煉(lian)補(bu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。熊熊大火(huo)整整燒了(le)(le)(le)九九八十一(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),土石(shi)(shi)(shi)融合(he),光(guang)亮(liang)透明,五(wu)(wu)色石(shi)(shi)(shi)煉(lian)成了(le)(le)(le)。女(nv)(nv)媧娘娘用力吹出(chu)一(yi)(yi)口真氣(qi),于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在鰲背山(shan)(shan)(shan)和待落(luo)嶺上(shang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)升起五(wu)(wu)彩祥云(yun)。又(you)伸開無限(xian)伸長的(de)蛇(she)尾,卷(juan)來(lai)(lai)煉(lian)好的(de)五(wu)(wu)色石(shi)(shi)(shi),放在云(yun)團(tuan)上(shang),然(ran)后雙手(shou)托起云(yun)朵,直(zhi)向天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)空(kong)(kong)(kong)。她(ta)的(de)軀體在增長,胳膊在伸長,一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)舉到天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)空(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)裂縫,隨(sui)即咬(yao)破舌頭,朝著裂縫口噴出(chu)鮮血。轟隆一(yi)(yi)聲巨(ju)(ju)響,震得山(shan)(shan)(shan)搖(yao)地動(dong),一(yi)(yi)道閃電劃破了(le)(le)(le)長空(kong)(kong)(kong),把(ba)整個宇(yu)宙照得通亮(liang)。霎時(shi),風(feng)停了(le)(le)(le),雨住了(le)(le)(le),一(yi)(yi)切(qie)平靜了(le)(le)(le),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)空(kong)(kong)(kong)終(zhong)于(yu)補(bu)好了(le)(le)(le)!
媧(wa)娘(niang)補(bu)好天后,又(you)捉來一只(zhi)東海巨鰲,砍去四只(zhi)腳,頂住了補(bu)好的(de)天空。那條盤踞黑龍山(shan)興風(feng)作浪(lang)的(de)黑龍見(jian)勢(shi)不妙,急忙(mang)逃向析城山(shan),見(jian)無處(chu)躲藏,便(bian)在(zai)地下(xia)拱出七(qi)十二個洞,但還是(shi)被(bei)媧(wa)娘(niang)抓個正著,栓在(zai)石柱上(shang)斬了。女媧(wa)又(you)將煉石所遺留的(de)灰燼堵塞(sai)洪(hong)水。
軒轅祭天與戰神蚩尤
傳(chuan)說(shuo)古時候(hou),黃帝(di)(di)與蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)從山西一(yi)直打(da)到(dao)邵(shao)原,在(zai)(zai)邵(shao)原東(dong)面的(de)(de)馬(ma)坡(po)(po)村打(da)了一(yi)場惡仗。蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)特(te)別兇猛,不但會使(shi)用金屬制作的(de)(de)武器,還會使(shi)用法(fa)(fa)術,能(neng)吞(tun)云吐霧,呼風喚(huan)雨(yu)(yu)。黃帝(di)(di)與蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)九(jiu)戰九(jiu)敗(bai),最(zui)后被蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)使(shi)洪(hong)水彌霧圍困。黃帝(di)(di)苦(ku)想沒有辦法(fa)(fa),仰(yang)天(tian)長嘆(tan),正在(zai)(zai)他憂愁的(de)(de)時候(hou),眼前忽然一(yi)亮,云霧中露出(chu)一(yi)座山峰,氣(qi)勢非(fei)(fei)凡(fan),像王者的(de)(de)宮殿,還有兩座山峰左右護衛(wei),這山就是(shi)現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)王屋山。黃帝(di)(di)非(fei)(fei)常高興,以(yi)為圣母在(zai)(zai)此,于(yu)是(shi)就帶領(ling)隨從馬(ma)坡(po)(po)淌水過東(dong)陽(yang)河,在(zai)(zai)王屋山腳下的(de)(de)十方院齋戒三日,沐浴凈身(shen)(shen)后登上天(tian)壇山頂,以(yi)牛頭(tou)(tou)、羊頭(tou)(tou)為供品,壘石設(she)壇祭天(tian)數(shu)日,誠(cheng)心誠(cheng)意地祈求(qiu)上天(tian)保(bao)佑,打(da)敗(bai)蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)。黃帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)真誠(cheng)和正義感動了天(tian)帝(di)(di),王母娘娘派(pai)九(jiu)天(tian)玄(xuan)女(nv)下凡(fan),給黃帝(di)(di)九(jiu)鼎符。黃帝(di)(di)以(yi)九(jiu)鼎符造指南(nan)車,不再迷失方向,蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)施雨(yu)(yu),黃帝(di)(di)以(yi)女(nv)魃止雨(yu)(yu)。……又(you)是(shi)一(yi)番惡戰后,黃帝(di)(di)終(zhong)于(yu)在(zai)(zai)太(tai)行山東(dong)側(ce)的(de)(de)冀州將蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)捉住(zhu)并殺了。邵(shao)原人說(shuo),砍頭(tou)(tou)山是(shi)蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)的(de)(de)化身(shen)(shen),尤(you)(you)顱寨是(shi)蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)的(de)(de)頭(tou)(tou),人們為紀念蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you),在(zai)(zai)馬(ma)坡(po)(po)還建有蚩(chi)(chi)尤(you)(you)觀。
傳說,伏羲(xi)在青龍腰發現鰲背山南(nan)端(duan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)崖上(shang)(shang)有一(yi)(yi)塊大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou),像(xiang)金雞啄米形狀。他便到南(nan)洼找到了(le)一(yi)(yi)塊形狀像(xiang)魚(yu)(yu)的大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou),仔細(xi)觀察后,心想(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)有金魚(yu)(yu)。伏羲(xi)舉手開(kai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),果真魚(yu)(yu)從(cong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中一(yi)(yi)躍(yue)逃(tao)出,只在石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)留下魚(yu)(yu)狀石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紋。伏羲(xi)琢磨,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)一(yi)(yi)分(fen)為(wei)二(er),魚(yu)(yu)有陰陽兩個(ge),天(tian)(tian)地(di)未分(fen)之(zhi)前(qian),不也(ye)像(xiang)大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)一(yi)(yi)樣混混沌沌?天(tian)(tian)地(di)分(fen)離,也(ye)應有陰陽,上(shang)(shang)則(ze)為(wei)陽,下則(ze)為(wei)陰。伏羲(xi)坐(zuo)在金魚(yu)(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang),耳聽(ting)八方之(zhi)風,仰觀天(tian)(tian)象,采天(tian)(tian)地(di)萬物的靈氣,一(yi)(yi)口(kou)氣畫了(le)八卦,又(you)將二(er)龍圖形畫在石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)。
很早(zao)很早(zao)以(yi)前,炎帝與黃(huang)帝征戰數(shu)年,在販泉戰敗,于(yu)是就在黃(huang)河北岸中條山(shan)(shan)、太行山(shan)(shan)和王屋山(shan)(shan)一(yi)帶游生。當時,人們(men)只能靠捕(bu)野(ye)獸(shou)食野(ye)果(guo)為生,更不會(hui)用藥物治病。天(tian)上(shang)(shang)的飛(fei)禽越(yue)打越(yue)少,地上(shang)(shang)的走獸(shou)越(yue)捕(bu)越(yue)稀,人們(men)忍饑挨餓,饑寒交迫,死傷無(wu)數(shu)。百姓的痛(tong)苦,炎帝看在眼(yan)里(li),急在心上(shang)(shang),就暗下(xia)決心要救子民(min)于(yu)水深火(huo)熱(re)之中。
他(ta)來到(dao)鰲(ao)背山(shan)(shan)(shan),走(zou)遍(bian)了角角落(luo)落(luo),溝溝岔岔,嘗遍(bian)了山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)千萬(wan)種(zhong)野草(cao)(cao)、野果,危險的(de)(de)(de)是在品(pin)嘗百草(cao)(cao)時(shi)多(duo)次(ci)中(zhong)毒,甚至多(duo)次(ci)昏死過(guo)去。神(shen)農氏(shi)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)感動(dong)了天(tian)(tian)帝,天(tian)(tian)帝便賜(si)“神(shen)鞭”一條(tiao)。神(shen)鞭抽到(dao)草(cao)(cao)木上(shang),鞭子(zi)立刻變(bian)色(se),若是白色(se),草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是涼(liang)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de);若是紅色(se),草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是熱性(xing)的(de)(de)(de);若是黑(hei)色(se),草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是有(you)(you)(you)劇毒的(de)(de)(de);若無變(bian)化,證明此(ci)草(cao)(cao)木無藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)。神(shen)農氏(shi)靠鞭子(zi)抽和品(pin)嘗這兩種(zhong)方(fang)法,認(ren)識(shi)了許(xu)許(xu)多(duo)多(duo)中(zhong)草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),掌握(wo)了它們的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)性(xing)。于是神(shen)農背著藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)簍,爬山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡,攀懸崖,越(yue)絕(jue)壁,歷盡(jin)千辛萬(wan)苦在鰲(ao)背山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)采(cai)(cai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。一次(ci),不小心從(cong)(cong)(cong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡上(shang)滾下來,藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)簍里的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)撒(sa)到(dao)了山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡上(shang),從(cong)(cong)(cong)此(ci),這山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)又(you)神(shen)奇地(di)長出了許(xu)多(duo)種(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材。神(shen)農氏(shi)把采(cai)(cai)來的(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分發給人(ren)們治病(bing),并教人(ren)們認(ren)識(shi)草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),從(cong)(cong)(cong)此(ci),人(ren)們患病(bing)就有(you)(you)(you)草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)醫治了。后來,他(ta)還撰寫了一部醫書(shu),名(ming)叫《百草(cao)(cao)醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)書(shu)》,后人(ren)把它稱為經典《神(shen)農百草(cao)(cao)》,鰲(ao)背山(shan)(shan)(shan)從(cong)(cong)(cong)此(ci)就有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)叫它藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)柜(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。據傳說,后來曾有(you)(you)(you)無數(shu)仙道醫家,紛(fen)紛(fen)上(shang)鰲(ao)背山(shan)(shan)(shan)修煉采(cai)(cai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),廣傳有(you)(you)(you)孫思邈(miao)、李(li)時(shi)珍、呂(lv)洞賓等。
炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝在(zai)藥(yao)柜山(shan)采(cai)藥(yao)時,發現了(le)(le)(le)許多(duo)(duo)能(neng)吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東西,就叫(jiao)人們(men)采(cai)野果(guo)(guo)充(chong)饑。野果(guo)(guo)越采(cai)越少,人們(men)還是(shi)(shi)忍饑挨餓(e),饑寒交迫(po),炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝心(xin)(xin)里更是(shi)(shi)著(zhu)(zhu)急。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)采(cai)食物時累得筋疲力盡,就靠著(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)棵很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大樹(shu)睡(shui)著(zhu)(zhu)了(le)(le)(le)。夢中,他(ta)輕飄飄來到(dao)(dao)天(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粟(su)宮。這粟(su)宮是(shi)(shi)專管種(zhong)植五谷(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方,到(dao)(dao)處是(shi)(shi)無邊無際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)稼。這可(ke)喜壞(huai)了(le)(le)(le)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝,他(ta)趕(gan)緊采(cai)了(le)(le)(le)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)子(zi),可(ke)怎么也(ye)拿不(bu)動,著(zhu)(zhu)急的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)身汗,心(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)激靈(ling),睜開了(le)(le)(le)眼睛,原來是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)場夢。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝心(xin)(xin)想,難道天(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)真有有五谷(gu)(gu)(gu)?于是(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)農氏就變成了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)蒼(cang)龍(long),飛到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)天(tian)庭粟(su)宮,果(guo)(guo)然(ran)找到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)。可(ke)是(shi)(shi)那里當官的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)別小氣,只(zhi)給(gei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小匣(xia)(xia)子(zi)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝很(hen)不(bu)高興,十分珍惜(xi)地(di)(di)(di)懷揣谷(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)回(hui)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)他(ta)居(ju)住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方待(dai)落(luo)嶺(ling)。神(shen)(shen)農氏就在(zai)待(dai)落(luo)嶺(ling)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)挑選雙(shuang)合寨北面土地(di)(di)(di)肥沃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洼地(di)(di)(di),精耕細作(zuo),又(you)在(zai)鍘刀(dao)縫(feng)開鑿天(tian)井“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)碗(wan)水(shui)”,取(qu)水(shui)澆地(di)(di)(di),然(ran)后小心(xin)(xin)翼(yi)翼(yi)地(di)(di)(di)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)下從(cong)天(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)取(qu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)種(zhong)。誰知道這匣(xia)(xia)子(zi)雖小,匣(xia)(xia)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)物多(duo)(duo)得很(hen),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)往外倒一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)有。更驚奇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),他(ta)從(cong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)頭下種(zhong),達到(dao)(dao)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)頭后,莊(zhuang)稼就熟了(le)(le)(le)。這就是(shi)(shi)人們(men)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)傳說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)奇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)耬地(di)(di)(di)。他(ta)急忙找來許多(duo)(duo)子(zi)孫幫忙,并把收(shou)獲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)分發給(gei)他(ta)們(men),教他(ta)們(men)如何開墾土地(di)(di)(di),鑿井引(yin)泉,供人食用和(he)(he)灌(guan)溉田(tian)地(di)(di)(di)。從(cong)此,人們(men)寒來暑往,春種(zhong)夏播(bo)(bo),秋收(shou)冬藏,炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)民生活溫(wen)飽有了(le)(le)(le)保障。據(ju)傳,他(ta)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)稼,就是(shi)(shi)后世(shi)所說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五谷(gu)(gu)(gu):麥、稻(dao)、黍、稷、菽。從(cong)此,神(shen)(shen)農氏雙(shuang)合寨上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)播(bo)(bo)百谷(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)傳為佳話(hua)。人們(men)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)說,回(hui)耬地(di)(di)(di)就是(shi)(shi)民間百谷(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)源,待(dai)落(luo)嶺(ling)雙(shuang)合寨也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)農氏住和(he)(he)生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方。
傳說中(zhong)的(de)顓(zhuan)(zhuan)頊(xu),是(shi)統治(zhi)宇宙的(de)黃帝后裔;傳說中(zhong)的(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),是(shi)統治(zhi)地上十(shi)分之七水(shui)(shui)域的(de)水(shui)(shui)神共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)炎帝后裔火(huo)神祝融的(de)兒子(zi),生著(zhu)人面蛇(she)身赤(chi)發,性(xing)(xing)情暴(bao)烈,身乘二龍“振滔(tao)(掀動(dong))洪水(shui)(shui)”,去(qu)攻(gong)顓(zhuan)(zhuan)頊(xu)一(yi)方(fang)。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)手下兩(liang)員大將,一(yi)個叫浮(fu)(fu)游(you),一(yi)個叫相(xiang)柳(liu)。那相(xiang)柳(liu)也是(shi)人面蛇(she)身,渾身青黑(hei),長(chang)著(zhu)九個腦袋,十(shi)分勇猛好(hao)戰。顓(zhuan)(zhuan)頊(xu)對(dui)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來犯早有準備,即刻帶兵相(xiang)迎。這(zhe)場(chang)爭(zheng)斗十(shi)分殘(can)酷,雙(shuang)方(fang)都把自(zi)己所有的(de)兵力(li)智謀(mou)全使了(le)出(chu)(chu)來。他們從邵原直戰到昆侖山(shan)腳下。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)掀起狂波惡浪,用水(shui)(shui)去(qu)攻(gong)顓(zhuan)(zhuan)頊(xu)一(yi)方(fang);顓(zhuan)(zhuan)頊(xu)則(ze)放出(chu)(chu)熊熊的(de)烈焰去(qu)燒共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)方(fang)。終(zhong)于共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)方(fang)敵不(bu)(bu)過顓(zhuan)(zhuan)頊(xu),九頭相(xiang)柳(liu)當場(chang)被燒死。浮(fu)(fu)游(you)被燒得(de)焦頭爛額,拼死沖(chong)出(chu)(chu)火(huo)圍,終(zhong)因傷(shang)勢過重而死。性(xing)(xing)高(gao)氣盛(sheng)的(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)見狀大怒,猛的(de)一(yi)頭撞(zhuang)向(xiang)昆侖山(shan),只(zhi)聽(ting)得(de)轟(hong)隆隆、嘩啦(la)啦(la)一(yi)聲巨響(xiang),昆侖山(shan)頂(ding)峰(feng)天柱(zhu)峰(feng)被撞(zhuang)倒(dao)。天柱(zhu)峰(feng)倒(dao)地,昆侖山(shan)變得(de)不(bu)(bu)周(zhou)正了(le),即更(geng)名為(wei)“不(bu)(bu)周(zhou)山(shan)”,那被共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用頭頂(ding)倒(dao)的(de)峰(feng)頂(ding)更(geng)名為(wei)“頭頂(ding)”(頭頂(ding))。天柱(zhu)峰(feng)乃是(shi)“西邊天”撐天的(de)柱(zhu)子(zi),天柱(zhu)一(yi)倒(dao),大地傾斜,天空的(de)日(ri)月星辰(chen)站(zhan)不(bu)(bu)住腳,不(bu)(bu)由自(zi)主(zhu)的(de)向(xiang)西移動(dong),銀(yin)河(he)水(shui)(shui)泄漏(lou)下來,大雨傾盆。大地的(de)東(dong)南部下沉,大川(chuan)小河(he)日(ri)夜(ye)不(bu)(bu)停地向(xiang)東(dong)南方(fang)奔流。
大禹治水
傳說大(da)(da)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)邵(shao)州(zhou)一帶治(zhi)水(shui)時(shi),要用木(mu)(mu)(mu)棍(gun)(gun)(gun)探(tan)水(shui)深(shen)淺(qian),因為水(shui)的(de)浮力(li)大(da)(da),所以木(mu)(mu)(mu)棍(gun)(gun)(gun)探(tan)不(bu)(bu)到水(shui)底,大(da)(da)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)心中(zhong)十分著急。這時(shi),一位老農雙膝跪地,手(shou)捧一根(gen)發紅透亮(liang),分量(liang)較(jiao)輕(qing)的(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)棍(gun)(gun)(gun)說:“我主勿躁,小(xiao)民獻上一物(wu)可以幫你探(tan)測水(shui)的(de)深(shen)淺(qian)。”大(da)(da)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)接過木(mu)(mu)(mu)棍(gun)(gun)(gun),半信半疑地探(tan)入河中(zhong),誰知此棍(gun)(gun)(gun)竟立于(yu)河中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)漂不(bu)(bu)倒直至(zhi)河底。大(da)(da)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)興極了,驚嘆道:“真乃神棍(gun)(gun)(gun)也!”后來大(da)(da)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)稱皇帝后,“龍持(chi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)棍(gun)(gun)(gun)”的(de)美名(ming)遍(bian)傳天下,價增百(bai)倍(bei)。時(shi)至(zhi)今(jin)日,邵(shao)原北山原始森林中(zhong)仍有幾棵珍貴的(de)龍持(chi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)樹。
禹治(zhi)水(shui)前黃河(he)水(shui)在邵州(zhou)一(yi)帶汪洋一(yi)片,泛濫(lan)成災,大禹經過充分勘察后(hou),決計導(dao)北(bei)(bei)水(shui)南(nan)流。他首(shou)先在邵原(yuan)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)積石成山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)把南(nan)北(bei)(bei)走(zou)向的太行山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)阻斷,使北(bei)(bei)水(shui)東流入濟。這“積石之山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”就是現在陽城縣境內的“鎖泉(quan)嶺”。為疏導(dao)北(bei)(bei)水(shui)入黃河(he),用神鞭(bian)趕水(shui),至今東陽河(he)一(yi)峽谷中石壁上(shang)仍留(liu)有(you)神鞭(bian)印,人(ren)你“鞭(bian)壁崖”。大水(shui)流至邵原(yuan)正南(nan),那時伏(fu)牛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相連(lian),齊(qi)刷(shua)刷(shua)阻斷了黃河(he)水(shui)去(qu)向。禹王斧劈大山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),放(fang)水(shui)東去(qu),形成了后(hou)來的“八(ba)里(li)峽”,也叫“八(ba)里(li)胡同”。“八(ba)里(li)胡同”北(bei)(bei)邊有(you)一(yi)個村莊(zhuang)叫“老禹洼”,相傳是因大禹治(zhi)水(shui)時居住而(er)得(de)名。村莊(zhuang)邊有(you)一(yi)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)叫“八(ba)角山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,八(ba)角山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)有(you)一(yi)個“神仙(xian)洞(dong)”,傳說大禹曾取計“神仙(xian)洞(dong)”,石壁上(shang)還留(liu)有(you)大禹治(zhi)水(shui)圖。
邵原北邊的(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山原來是從(cong)天上下來的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)條黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)所管,黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)生性(xing)殘暴(bao),常(chang)(chang)(chang)給民間降(jiang)災,人間常(chang)(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)(chang)久(jiu)旱不雨(yu),莊(zhuang)稼枯死,百姓日子(zi)沒法過(guo)。在天上分(fen)管銀河(he)的(de)(de)(de)那條白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)就私(si)自降(jiang)了一(yi)場雨(yu),觸犯了“天條”,也被(bei)天帝貶到黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山,與黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)同管黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山。從(cong)這兒以后,白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)經常(chang)(chang)(chang)體察(cha)民情,適時降(jiang)雨(yu)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)獨霸黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山、想怎樣干就怎樣干的(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)對白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)做法很不滿,心里特別(bie)恨白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long),就專(zhuan)和白(bai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)作對,他們倆爭(zheng)斗不息(xi)。
人們對黑(hei)龍的狂暴極為不平,又十(shi)分同情(qing)白(bai)龍的不幸(xing)遭(zao)遇,經常祈求天(tian)帝(di)赦免(mian)白(bai)龍之(zhi)罪,掌管黑(hei)龍山。天(tian)帝(di)沒(mei)辦法,傳話民(min)間:“要想(xiang)重登靈宵閣,除非金(jin)豆開花時。”
有(you)一年二月(yue)二,邵原一老太(tai)(tai)太(tai)(tai)上(shang)市(shi)趕(gan)集(ji),無(wu)意中將玉米(mi)撒了(le)一地,在太(tai)(tai)陽照(zhao)耀下(xia)金(jin)(jin)(jin)光燦爛(lan),好像滿地金(jin)(jin)(jin)豆。有(you)讀書人見(jian)了(le)大醒悟(wu)過(guo)來,趕(gan)緊把(ba)玉米(mi)粒放(fang)鍋內(nei)炒熟,把(ba)玉米(mi)花(hua)獻給上(shang)天。太(tai)(tai)上(shang)老君眼(yan)花(hua),誤認為金(jin)(jin)(jin)豆開(kai)了(le)花(hua),奏本天帝,赦免了(le)白(bai)龍(long)之(zhi)罪。白(bai)龍(long)這(zhe)才回到天界,而人間那個白(bai)龍(long)池和白(bai)龍(long)溝仍留在邵原人們的(de)心上(shang)。邵原一帶的(de)老百(bai)姓,每年二月(yue)二家(jia)家(jia)戶戶炒玉米(mi)花(hua),就(jiu)是為了(le)紀念這(zhe)件事。
白(bai)龍(long)(long)回(hui)天庭(ting)后(hou),黑龍(long)(long)更加殘暴,經(jing)常出來(lai)傷害人(ren)。“神住溝(gou)”有一位(wei)剛成親的(de)(de)(de)年輕獵(lie)人(ren),決意上(shang)山(shan)除掉黑龍(long)(long)。年輕獵(lie)人(ren)剛走到(dao)黑龍(long)(long)山(shan)腳下,山(shan)頂(ding)那(nei)個黑龍(long)(long)使來(lai)滾滾的(de)(de)(de)黑云,夾雜著(zhu)雷鳴電閃向(xiang)他(ta)撲來(lai)。獵(lie)手(shou)(shou)情(qing)知不妙,急忙拈弓搭箭,一股(gu)難以抗(kang)拒的(de)(de)(de)強大吸力向(xiang)他(ta)襲(xi)來(lai),他(ta)頓覺眼花(hua)體軟(ruan)被(bei)黑龍(long)(long)吸入嘴里(li),只有那(nei)只繡鞋隨(sui)風(feng)被(bei)吹到(dao)鰲(ao)背山(shan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)崖坎里(li)。直到(dao)共工怒觸不周(zhou)山(shan)后(hou),作惡多端的(de)(de)(de)黑龍(long)(long),才被(bei)女(nv)媧把他(ta)斬首在待落嶺(ling)上(shang)了(le)。人(ren)們為了(le)紀念那(nei)位(wei)勇敢(gan)善良的(de)(de)(de)獵(lie)手(shou)(shou),把鰲(ao)背山(shan)上(shang)那(nei)個崖坎取名(ming)為“繡鞋龕”。婦女(nv)們為效仿那(nei)位(wei)賢惠多情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)妻子,便在這里(li)留下了(le)丈夫死后(hou)女(nv)人(ren)須穿白(bai)鞋行孝三年的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)俗。
邵原(yuan)創世神(shen)話的(de)(de)豐富內容,表現(xian)了(le)中(zhong)原(yuan)先民(min)同(tong)時(shi)也表現(xian)了(le)中(zhong)華民(min)族在人與(yu)自然(ran)、人與(yu)社(she)會、人與(yu)人、人自身之間的(de)(de)關系以(yi)及(ji)矛盾、沖突和抗爭,并在對立統一(yi)的(de)(de)進程中(zhong)走向和諧(xie),積(ji)淀著民(min)族的(de)(de)人文(wen)精神(shen)。
邵(shao)原(yuan)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)世神(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)被(bei)譽之為“唯(wei)美”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua),具有道德(de)化(hua)、倫理(li)化(hua)、哲理(li)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魅力。邵(shao)原(yuan)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)世神(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)人文(wen)(wen)(wen)底(di)蘊(yun)厚重,哲理(li)思想(xiang)古今傳承。盤(pan)古、女(nv)媧作為中華民(min)族(zu)血脈同根的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先祖和(he)英雄形象,其(qi)蘊(yun)涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)天辟(pi)地、開(kai)拓(tuo)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新、無所畏懼、勇往(wang)直前(qian)、自(zi)(zi)強(qiang)(qiang)不(bu)息、繼往(wang)開(kai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen);其(qi)鞠躬盡瘁、垂死化(hua)身、甘于奉獻、不(bu)怕犧牲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美德(de);其(qi)造福人類(lei)、懲惡揚善、以人為本、護民(min)佑民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)貴(gui)(gui)品格;其(qi)自(zi)(zi)強(qiang)(qiang)、自(zi)(zi)信、自(zi)(zi)勤、自(zi)(zi)愛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen),都對(dui)我國(guo)人文(wen)(wen)(wen)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成和(he)豐富,具有極為珍貴(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值,對(dui)提升民(min)族(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)覺(jue)起到促進作用。濟源邵(shao)原(yuan)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)世神(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)群(qun)(qun)厚重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)容量,必將與時俱進地釋放出新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光彩(cai),成為中華民(min)族(zu)共享的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)財富。邵(shao)原(yuan)是中國(guo)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)世文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然遺(yi)存,極其(qi)珍貴(gui)(gui),研究(jiu)邵(shao)原(yuan)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)世神(shen)(shen)(shen)話(hua)群(qun)(qun),從一定意義上來說對(dui)提升民(min)族(zu)自(zi)(zi)信心,增強(qiang)(qiang)民(min)族(zu)凝聚力,是非常有意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。