鮮(xian)(xian)雪(xue)菜(cai)葉(xie)面(mian)綠色(se)、葉(xie)柄及中肋綠白色(se),葉(xie)片半碎葉(xie)型、倒(dao)卵形,葉(xie)面(mian)較(jiao)光滑(hua),無蠟(la)粉和刺毛,質地(di)脆嫩。腌雪(xue)菜(cai)色(se)澤黃亮,香氣濃郁、爽脆味鮮(xian)(xian)。嘉善縣地(di)處杭嘉湖平(ping)原,位于浙江省(sheng)(sheng)東北部、江浙滬兩省(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)市交(jiao)匯處。境域(yu)輪廓呈田字形,地(di)勢(shi)南高北低,平(ping)均海拔3.67米。宜種性(xing)廣,生產水平(ping)高。
楊廟雪菜(cai)地(di)(di)理標志地(di)(di)域(yu)保護(hu)(hu)范圍為:東經(jing)120°44′50〞-121°02′15〞,北緯30°45′31〞- 31°01′48〞。生產地(di)(di)域(yu)范圍為嘉善(shan)縣所轄天(tian)凝鎮(zhen)、陶(tao)莊鎮(zhen)、西塘鎮(zhen)、干(gan)窯鎮(zhen)、姚莊鎮(zhen)、大(da)云(yun)鎮(zhen)、魏塘街道(dao)(dao)、羅星街道(dao)(dao)、惠(hui)民街道(dao)(dao)等9個鄉鎮(zhen)(街道(dao)(dao)),104個行政村(cun)。現有(you)種植面積(ji)500公頃(qing),年產量4.5萬噸(dun),保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)域(yu)面積(ji)22811公頃(qing)。
嘉善縣(xian)地(di)處(chu)(chu)杭(hang)嘉湖平(ping)原,位于浙江(jiang)省東北部、江(jiang)浙滬兩省一市交匯處(chu)(chu)。境域(yu)輪廓呈田字形,地(di)勢南高(gao)北低(di),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)海拔3.67米。嘉善縣(xian)地(di)處(chu)(chu)沿海中緯(wei)度地(di)帶(dai),屬亞熱帶(dai)季風氣(qi)候,四季分明、溫和濕潤、光照充足、雨(yu)量充沛,具有春濕、夏熱、秋(qiu)燥、冬(dong)冷的特點。年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫15.8℃,極端最低(di)氣(qi)溫-10.8℃,極端最高(gao)氣(qi)溫40.7℃,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)量1155.7毫米,無霜期233.6天,日照時數1927.3小時,適合雪菜生(sheng)產(chan)。境內水網(wang)交織,水資源豐富。土壤以水稻土、潮土為(wei)主,質地(di)中壤至(zhi)輕粘(zhan),微(wei)酸性(xing)至(zhi)中性(xing),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)有機質37.38g/kg,宜種(zhong)性(xing)廣,生(sheng)產(chan)水平(ping)高(gao)。
鮮雪(xue)菜葉面綠(lv)色(se)、葉柄及中肋綠(lv)白(bai)色(se),葉片(pian)半碎(sui)葉型、倒卵形(xing),葉面較(jiao)光滑,無(wu)蠟粉和刺毛,質(zhi)地脆嫩。 腌雪(xue)菜色(se)澤(ze)黃亮,香氣濃郁、爽(shuang)脆味鮮。
選(xuan)(xuan)擇在距離交通主干(gan)道200m以外、生(sheng)態環境良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)塊,土壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃,有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量豐(feng)富,排(pai)灌方便(bian)。選(xuan)(xuan)擇嘉雪四(si)月(yue)蕻等(deng)分(fen)蘗力(li)強、耐低(di)溫、優質(zhi)高產的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)。選(xuan)(xuan)擇保(bao)(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)好、陽光充足的(de)(de)(de)(de)土壤(rang)作苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang),苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)地每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)輪換。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)腐(fu)(fu)熟(shu)(shu)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1000kg、過磷(lin)酸(suan)鈣25kg。春雪播種(zhong)期(qi)為9月(yue)下旬(xun),秧田(tian)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)播種(zhong)量300g-350g,秧本比1:10-1:12。適(shi)時(shi)刪(shan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),最終留苗(miao)(miao)(miao)控(kong)制(zhi)在100株(zhu)/㎡-120株(zhu)/㎡。晚稻收(shou)割后(hou),開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)作畦(qi),畦(qi)寬(kuan)1.2m,溝(gou)(gou)寬(kuan)0.25m。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)腐(fu)(fu)熟(shu)(shu)廄肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1000kg-1500kg或生(sheng)物有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)150kg-200kg,N、P2O5、K2O各15%的(de)(de)(de)(de)復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg-40kg。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)齡35d-45d、5葉(xie)-6葉(xie)時(shi),即(ji)10月(yue)下旬(xun)至(zhi)11月(yue)上旬(xun)定植(zhi)。行距35cm-38cm,株(zhu)距25cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)栽6000株(zhu)左(zuo)右。定植(zhi)后(hou)及時(shi)澆定根水(shui)(shui)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)土壤(rang)濕潤,定植(zhi)后(hou)20d,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)10kg、尿素5kg,以后(hou)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)隔15d-20d每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素7.5kg,采(cai)收(shou)前20d停止追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)綜合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)控(kong)貫徹“預防(fang)為主,綜合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)治”的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)方針。堅持(chi)物理(li)防(fang)治和(he)化(hua)學防(fang)治相結合(he)(he)(he),合(he)(he)(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao),禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高殘留農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao),嚴格執行農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)關規定。針對病(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)、菌核病(bing)(bing)、根腫(zhong)病(bing)(bing)和(he)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)等(deng)主要病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai),采(cai)取(qu)培育壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao),深溝(gou)(gou)高畦(qi),配方施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、合(he)(he)(he)理(li)輪作、合(he)(he)(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高效、低(di)毒(du)、低(di)殘留農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)等(deng)防(fang)治措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。3月(yue)下旬(xun)—4月(yue)上旬(xun)抽薹前收(shou)割。原輔(fu)料選(xuan)(xuan)擇以老(lao)嫩適(shi)中(zhong)、干(gan)凈(jing)整齊、無病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)侵(qin)蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)雪菜(cai)作為原料,去(qu)除黃(huang)葉(xie)和(he)腐(fu)(fu)爛葉(xie),在田(tian)間適(shi)度失水(shui)(shui)變軟。腌(a)制(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)應(ying)符合(he)(he)(he)GB2721的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。加工環境選(xuan)(xuan)擇干(gan)凈(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)泥池和(he)陶(tao)缸類容器(qi)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)甏(beng)封口(kou)后(hou)選(xuan)(xuan)擇陰(yin)涼通風(feng)(feng)、地面易(yi)于排(pai)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)內(nei)存(cun)放。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)100kg雪菜(cai)控(kong)制(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)9kg-12kg。腌(a)制(zhi)分(fen)兩次(ci)進(jin)行,第(di)一次(ci)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)量為總鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)60%,分(fen)層放入(ru)腌(a)制(zhi)容器(qi),一層雪菜(cai)一層鹽(yan)(yan)(yan),踏平、壓(ya)實,腌(a)制(zhi)1-2天(tian)(tian)后(hou)進(jin)行第(di)二(er)次(ci)腌(a)制(zhi)。第(di)二(er)次(ci)腌(a)制(zhi)時(shi)將(jiang)咸坯(pi)翻踩(cai)至(zhi)另一個腌(a)制(zhi)容器(qi)中(zhong),并將(jiang)剩余的(de)(de)(de)(de)40%食鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)層加入(ru),腌(a)制(zhi)1-2天(tian)(tian)后(hou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)甏(beng)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)容量10kg左(zuo)右清潔的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣口(kou)甏(beng)腌(a)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)并保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)甏(beng)時(shi),按每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)甏(beng)分(fen)3-4次(ci)分(fen)層裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)咸坯(pi),壓(ya)實,加面鹽(yan)(yan)(yan),薄膜覆蓋后(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)含(han)12%食鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)礱糠軟泥封口(kou)。將(jiang)封口(kou)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)菜(cai)甏(beng)倒置疊放于陰(yin)涼通風(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)室(shi)內(nei),讓(rang)其自然發酵30-45天(tian)(tian)后(hou)達(da)到成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)。甏(beng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)雪菜(cai)在陰(yin)涼通風(feng)(feng)處可保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)1年(nian)。將(jiang)發酵成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雪菜(cai)分(fen)切、定型包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。