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基本介紹

董家茭(jiao)(jiao)白外形(xing)粗壯勻稱，表皮(pi)光滑潔白，肉(rou)質鮮嫩(nen)無渣，微甜爽口清香。董家茭(jiao)(jiao)白種(zhong)植品種(zhong)以‘龍茭(jiao)(jiao)2號’等雙季茭(jiao)(jiao)為主，秋茭(jiao)(jiao)采收期(qi)間選(xuan)種(zhong)，選(xuan)擇茭(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)好、孕茭(jiao)(jiao)率高(gao)、孕茭(jiao)(jiao)一致，肉(rou)色淡白柔嫩(nen)，苔管短，茭(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)肥大(da)，整(zheng)齊度好，結茭(jiao)(jiao)部位低的植株作為種(zhong)墩(dun)。

地域產地

董(dong)家(jia)茭白區域(yu)保(bao)護范圍為(wei)：東經120°26′09″～120°33′43″，北緯(wei)30°38′14″～30°47′48″，即(ji)浙江(jiang)省桐(tong)鄉市烏鎮鎮所轄行政區域(yu)，包括(kuo)董(dong)家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、皂林村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南王(wang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、金牛村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、正福村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、元豐村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、楊園(yuan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、翔厚村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、單橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、分(fen)水墩(dun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、虹橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、浮瀾橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、橫(heng)港村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、陳(chen)莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、白馬(ma)墩(dun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、西浜村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、南莊橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、碓坊橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、陳(chen)家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、彭(peng)家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、雙塔村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、顏家(jia)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、民(min)合(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、五(wu)星村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、浙月村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、新翁(weng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)，共26個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)。現有種植(zhi)面積867公頃，總產量50000余噸。保(bao)護區域(yu)面積5467公頃。

品質特點

外形粗壯(zhuang)勻稱，表皮光滑潔白，肉質鮮嫩無渣，微甜爽口清(qing)香。

生產情況

董(dong)家茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)品種(zhong)(zhong)以‘龍茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2號’等雙季(ji)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為主(zhu)。秋茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽培選種(zhong)(zhong)及育苗(miao)秋茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)選種(zhong)(zhong)，選擇茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形好、孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)率高、孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)致，肉色淡白(bai)(bai)柔嫩，苔(tai)管短，茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形肥(fei)(fei)大，整(zheng)齊度好，結茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)低的(de)(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)作(zuo)為種(zhong)(zhong)墩。種(zhong)(zhong)墩分(fen)(fen)(fen)苗(miao)后(hou)，采(cai)(cai)用假(jia)植(zhi)（寄(ji)秧）方(fang)式育苗(miao)，按假(jia)植(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)與大田(tian)(tian)(tian)1:10選好留(liu)足寄(ji)秧田(tian)(tian)(tian)，在(zai)3月(yue)(yue)底(di)，按行(xing)(xing)株(zhu)距80cm×30cm，將選留(liu)的(de)(de)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)秧假(jia)植(zhi)到秧田(tian)(tian)(tian)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)6月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)～7月(yue)(yue)初(chu)選擇陰(yin)天或傍晚定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)，定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)前割(ge)去(qu)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)葉，留(liu)苗(miao)高35～40cm。起墩分(fen)(fen)(fen)苗(miao)時至少帶1個老苔(tai)管，隨起隨種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)行(xing)(xing)株(zhu)距100cm×60cm。基肥(fei)(fei)：每畝施(shi)(shi)腐熟有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)500～750kg。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)：茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)大田(tian)(tian)(tian)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)掌(zhang)握“前重(zhong)、中控、后(hou)促(cu)”的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)原則，分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)在(zai)返青期(qi)(qi)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)、孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)各(ge)施(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)。水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)管理定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)先深(shen)水(shui)(shui)（15～20cm）促(cu)活苗(miao)，后(hou)淺(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)促(cu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)結合追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)擱(ge)田(tian)(tian)(tian)；高溫及孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)期(qi)(qi)適當加(jia)深(shen)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)，采(cai)(cai)收(shou)期(qi)(qi)保(bao)持(chi)淺(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)。刪葉茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)進入分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)后(hou)期(qi)(qi)，結合耘田(tian)(tian)(tian)，及時清(qing)除枯(ku)葉、黃葉、病(bing)(bing)葉及蟲(chong)(chong)卵葉。夏季(ji)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)前10天放養(yang)浮萍，要求定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)前長滿田(tian)(tian)(tian)塊。夏茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為雙季(ji)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)第二(er)季(ji)，秋季(ji)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)采(cai)(cai)摘完成(cheng)后(hou)，12月(yue)(yue)中下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)將越冬(dong)殘留(liu)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)莖葉齊泥割(ge)平，清(qing)除雄茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)株(zhu)（墩）及灰茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)株(zhu)，灌護根(gen)水(shui)(shui)，保(bao)持(chi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)間(jian)濕潤不開裂，防(fang)止種(zhong)(zhong)根(gen)受(shou)霜凍。設施(shi)(shi)栽培夏茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)應于(yu)(yu)12月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)覆蓋棚膜與地膜，至來年1月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)或2月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)揭(jie)地膜，4月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)揭(jie)去(qu)棚膜。膜內(nei)溫度超過30℃應及時通風降溫。于(yu)(yu)苗(miao)高20～30cm時定(ding)(ding)苗(miao)，去(qu)除分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)苗(miao)，每墩留(liu)18～20株(zhu)壯苗(miao)。4月(yue)(yue)中下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)開始耘田(tian)(tian)(tian)；在(zai)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)墩中央放置土塊，增加(jia)光照(zhao)面(mian)(mian)積。在(zai)新(xin)苗(miao)露出水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)時施(shi)(shi)“催苗(miao)肥(fei)(fei)”；4月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)施(shi)(shi)“促(cu)蘗(bo)肥(fei)(fei)”；大田(tian)(tian)(tian)孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)70%時施(shi)(shi)“孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)肥(fei)(fei)”，第一(yi)批采(cai)(cai)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)后(hou)補施(shi)(shi)1～2次(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)。苗(miao)期(qi)(qi)至孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)淺(qian)(qian)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)管理，孕(yun)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中后(hou)期(qi)(qi)保(bao)持(chi)深(shen)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)堅持(chi)“預(yu)防(fang)為主(zhu)，綜合防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)原則，優先采(cai)(cai)用農業防(fang)治(zhi)、物理防(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)物防(fang)治(zhi)等方(fang)法。重(zhong)點做好胡麻斑病(bing)(bing)、紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)、銹病(bing)(bing)、大螟、二(er)化螟、長綠(lv)飛虱、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)等病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)工作(zuo)。植(zhi)株(zhu)莖部(bu)(bu)顯(xian)著膨大，肉茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)露白(bai)(bai)時采(cai)(cai)收(shou)。根(gen)據客(ke)戶要求包(bao)裝，規范使用標志標識(shi)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)后(hou)茭(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)白(bai)(bai)整(zheng)理包(bao)裝，可(ke)存(cun)放于(yu)(yu)專用冷庫保(bao)鮮，庫內(nei)溫度保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)0℃～3℃。