芒果视频下载

網(wang)站分類
登錄 |    

【青島文化】青島歷史文化 青島民俗文化 青島風俗習慣

本文章由注冊用戶 壯志凌云 上傳提供 評論 發布 反饋 0
摘要:青島是一座歷史文化名城,中國道教的發祥地,6000年以前,這里已有了人類的生存和繁衍。不同時代的發展成就了今天的青島,隨著青島市的發展,青島市現在還有哪些民俗習慣呢?青島如今還保留了哪些歷史文化習俗呢?下面本文就為大家盤點了青島的一些民俗習慣,一起來了解一下青島都還有哪些民俗習慣吧。

歷史沿革

青島是中國道教的發祥(xiang)地(di)之一。新石(shi)器時代(dai),青(qing)島是東夷人繁衍生(sheng)息的(de)主要(yao)地區之一,遺留(liu)了豐富多彩的(de)大汶口文(wen)化、龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化和岳石(shi)文(wen)化。商周(zhou)時(shi)期,青(qing)島是(shi)中(zhong)國海鹽的發祥地,位列中(zhong)國“四大古鹽區”和“五大古港”。春秋戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時期,青島建立了山東地區第二大市(shi)鎮—即(ji)墨(mo),“即(ji)墨(mo)故城(cheng)”(平度市(shi)境內)是中國(guo)(guo)現(xian)存最早的古代城(cheng)池遺址。秦始皇統(tong)一中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)后(hou),五巡天下,三(san)登瑯(lang)(lang)琊(ya)(青島黃島區境(jing)內(nei))。據記載(zai),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)最早的一次涉洋遠(yuan)航(hang)——徐(xu)福東渡朝鮮(xian)、日(ri)本,就是從瑯(lang)(lang)琊(ya)起航(hang)的。漢武帝(di)少年時代在不其(城陽區(qu)境內)做過(guo)膠東王,是中國有(you)記(ji)載的(de)到青島(dao)地域巡游次(ci)數最多的(de)皇帝(di)。唐宋(song)時期(qi),青島作為(wei)銜接(jie)南北(bei)航運的“中轉(zhuan)站”,成為(wei)中國北(bei)方(fang)沿海最重要(yao)的交通樞(shu)紐和貿(mao)易(yi)(yi)口岸。宋(song)時專門在(zai)板橋(qiao)鎮(膠州市境內)設“市舶司”管理對外(wai)貿(mao)易(yi)(yi)。元(yuan)朝,為方(fang)便(bian)海運漕糧,開(kai)鑿(zao)了中國(guo)唯一的(de)海運河(he)——縱(zong)貫山(shan)東半島的(de)膠萊運河(he)。明清(qing)時期(qi),青島是中(zhong)國北方重要(yao)的海防要(yao)塞,時稱(cheng)膠(jiao)澳(ao)。1891614日,清政府在膠澳設(she)防(fang),青島由此建(jian)置(zhi)。18971114日,德國以“巨(ju)野教案”為借口侵(qin)占青(qing)島,青(qing)島淪為殖民地。1914年(nian),第一次世界(jie)大戰爆(bao)發,日本取代德國占領青(qing)島。1919年(nian),以收回青島主(zhu)權為導火索,爆(bao)發了“五(wu)四(si)運動”,這是中國近、現(xian)代歷史的分水嶺。192212月(yue)10日,中國北洋政府收回青島(dao),辟為商(shang)埠。19297月,國民黨政府設青島特別市,1930年改稱青島市(shi)。19381月,日本再次侵占青島。19459月,國(guo)民黨(dang)政(zheng)府接管青島,仍為特別市。194962日,青島成為華北(bei)地區(qu)最后一(yi)座(zuo)解放的城市(shi),改屬山東省轄市(shi)。1981年青島被(bei)列為中國15個(ge)經(jing)濟(ji)中心(xin)城(cheng)市之一。1984年青島被列為中(zhong)國(guo)14個沿海開放(fang)城(cheng)市之一。1986年青島(dao)被列為5個計劃單列市之(zhi)一。1994年青(qing)島被列(lie)為全國15個副省(sheng)級城市之一(yi)。2011年青島被定位為(wei)山(shan)東半(ban)島藍色經濟區核心(xin)區的龍頭城市。

民俗文化

服飾民俗

服飾(shi)民(min)俗(su)是指人們在服裝(zhuang)、鞋帽、佩戴、裝(zhuang)飾(shi)方面的風俗(su)習(xi)慣。服飾(shi)和飲(yin)食一(yi)樣,是每個人都離不開的。

時代(dai)、氣候以至人(ren)的(de)(de)地位(wei)、職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)、性別(bie)、年齡都對(dui)服(fu)飾(shi)有(you)著直接的(de)(de)影(ying)響,所以服(fu)飾(shi)民俗也有(you)著十分(fen)廣泛的(de)(de)內(nei)容。人(ren)們(men)為(wei)了適應季節變化,制作出了單衣(yi)、夾衣(yi)、棉衣(yi)、皮(pi)衣(yi)等各(ge)(ge)類服(fu)裝(zhuang);為(wei)了裝(zhuang)飾(shi)和(he)美化生活,按照不(bu)(bu)同(tong)性別(bie)、年齡,創(chuang)造了各(ge)(ge)個時期不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)發型、首飾(shi)和(he)佩戴方(fang)式;為(wei)了區別(bie)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)分(fen)工(gong),又出現了樣式各(ge)(ge)異的(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)服(fu)裝(zhuang),使(shi)人(ren)們(men)可以明(ming)顯(xian)地看(kan)出穿著者的(de)(de)身份(fen)和(he)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)。

生活水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)高(gao)低對服飾民俗起著舉足(zu)輕重的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。舊(jiu)時,青(qing)島(dao)地區農民大都一(yi)(yi)年(nian)只有兩套服裝(zhuang)(一(yi)(yi)套單衣和(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)套棉衣),還要“新(xin)三(san)年(nian),舊(jiu)三(san)年(nian),縫(feng)縫(feng)補(bu)補(bu)又(you)三(san)年(nian)”,這并不(bu)是(shi)為(wei)了節儉(jian),而是(shi)貧窮(qiong)所(suo)致。穿衣只是(shi)為(wei)了遮(zhe)蔽(bi)身體、抵御風寒,根本談不(bu)上裝(zhuang)飾和(he)(he)審美功能。50年(nian)代(dai)以(yi)后農民開始穿針(zhen)織(zhi)或細布內(nei)衣,服裝(zhuang)布料(liao)不(bu)斷更(geng)新(xin)。改革開放以(yi)后,隨(sui)著人們(men)生活水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)提高(gao),各(ge)類款式(shi)的(de)(de)服裝(zhuang)爭奇斗艷(yan),人們(men)的(de)(de)服飾再不(bu)是(shi)單純為(wei)了蔽(bi)體御寒,而更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)則是(shi)為(wei)了美化生活而從款式(shi)、用料(liao)、色彩等多(duo)方面進行選(xuan)擇(ze)和(he)(he)穿戴。

帽(mao)(mao)子 辛亥革命前,男子多(duo)戴瓜皮(pi)帽(mao)(mao),俗稱(cheng)“半(ban)帽(mao)(mao)”或“瓜皮(pi)子”,因其(qi)形狀象(xiang)半(ban)個西瓜而得名。瓜皮(pi)帽(mao)(mao)是(shi)用(yong)上尖下寬(kuan)的多(duo)塊綢布(bu)(bu)做(zuo)成,用(yong)琉璃蛋(dan)或絨布(bu)(bu)結為(wei)(wei)頂飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(叫“帽(mao)(mao)葫蘆”)。紅(hong)色(se)頂飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)青(qing)年(nian)人所(suo)戴;中老年(nian)戴的頂飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)藍(lan)色(se);家中遇(yu)有(you)喪事,則頂飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)白布(bu)(bu)包(bao)住。

氈帽,又稱“氈帽頭”,農民和商販多(duo)在(zai)天冷(leng)時(shi)戴用(yong)。帽分左、右(you)、后3塊,翻上去是一圓形帽頭,折下來可(ke)蓋(gai)住面頰和后頸,多(duo)為褐色(se)。

“老(lao)(lao)頭樂”是老(lao)(lao)年人冬季愛戴(dai)的一種帽(mao)子,也叫“擼頭帽(mao)”或“滿頭擼”。帽(mao)子為圓筒形,卷上去是一軟胎(tai)絨線帽(mao);擼下來,則臉(lian)和后頸全可遮掩,僅露出雙眼,由于寒效果甚佳,青年人也多(duo)戴(dai)用。

為防嚴寒,男子(zi)出門多戴“耳(er)(er)捂”。耳(er)(er)捂是用藍黑(hei)綢(chou)布作面料,里絮棉花,邊緣縫(feng)上兔毛,中系一繩,掛兩耳(er)(er)上。也(ye)有(you)人叫其為“耳(er)(er)套”。

20年(nian)代起(qi),禮(li)帽在民(min)間流行,多與長衫配合穿用。

葦(wei)笠為農民和市販勞動者夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)戴用,呈六角形,由葦(wei)篾(mie)或高梁千篾(mie)編(bian)制而成,布帶系頦下,用以遮陽和避(bi)雨。城鎮男人夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)則多戴草辮編(bian)的形同禮帽(mao)(mao)的草帽(mao)(mao)或圓(yuan)頂草帽(mao)(mao)。

中(zhong)青年婦女(nv)多不戴帽(mao),有(you)的(de)(de)老(lao)年婦女(nv)戴一種(zhong)叫頭(tou)箍(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)“箍(gu)(gu)帽(mao)”,是(shi)用兩片(pian)約6厘米寬的(de)(de)絨布做(zuo)好(hao)后(hou),用兩根小帶箍(gu)(gu)在頭(tou)上。另一種(zhong)是(shi)用黑色(se)平絨做(zuo)成的(de)(de)軟帽(mao),帽(mao)前(qian)飾以綠(lv)色(se)琉璃“帽(mao)珠”,叫“老(lao)婆帽(mao)子”。

“虎(hu)頭帽(mao)(mao)(mao)”是7歲(sui)以下小(xiao)孩戴的風帽(mao)(mao)(mao),前短后長(chang),帽(mao)(mao)(mao)頂(ding)的兩旁(pang)縫(feng)一撮白色兔毛,正中繡一“王”字(zi)。嶗山(shan)(shan)民間認為(wei)(wei),山(shan)(shan)中野獸很(hen)多,易(yi)傷孩子,虎(hu)為(wei)(wei)獸中王,戴虎(hu)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)可(ke)消(xiao)災(zai)避難(nan)。

建國(guo)后,“干(gan)部帽”流行,“鴨(ya)舌帽”卻受人冷(leng)落,原因是(shi)在戲劇電影以至民間(jian)秧歌中,扮演特務者都戴這種帽子(zi),所(suo)以人們都叫它“特務帽”。

軍帽(mao)在“文革”初期特別受人喜愛,一些青年人以戴上一頂綠色軍帽(mao)而感榮(rong)耀。

進入(ru)80年代,隨著(zhu)人們審美(mei)意識的增強,帽(mao)(mao)子(zi)除實用(yong)功能(neng)外(wai),其裝(zhuang)飾美(mei)化(hua)生活的功能(neng)日顯(xian)突出(chu),不同(tong)樣式、不同(tong)色調(diao)的單帽(mao)(mao)、棉帽(mao)(mao)、草(cao)帽(mao)(mao)等,爭奇(qi)斗艷,使(shi)服飾文化(hua)更加豐富多彩。

發(fa)型 辛亥革命后,男子(zi)剪去長辮子(zi),鄉間人多(duo)剃光(guang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou),俗稱“和尚頭(tou)(tou)(tou)”。城(cheng)鎮人多(duo)蓄(xu)發(fa),發(fa)式有平頭(tou)(tou)(tou)、分(fen)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)兩種,分(fen)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)又有正(zheng)分(fen)、偏分(fen)、背頭(tou)(tou)(tou)等(deng)樣式。

女子發(fa)型是(shi)幼年扎“髻”,即(ji)在頭(tou)部綰(wan)雙髻。長(chang)大(da)未婚(hun)時梳一長(chang)辮,辮稍扎頭(tou)繩,垂背(bei)后(hou)。結婚(hun)后(hou)綰(wan)一圓髻,套發(fa)網,盤(pan)腦(nao)后(hou),稱“綰(wan)纂”。年老頭(tou)發(fa)稀疏,纂小,稱“鬏鬏”。

男童發(fa)型,有的在(zai)前額留片發(fa),其余頭發(fa)全部推光,叫“瓦瓦檐(yan)(yan)檐(yan)(yan)”。

40年(nian)代,中青(qing)年(nian)婦女多剪短(duan)發,俗(su)稱(cheng)“披毛”。一(yi)種額前頭發隆起的叫做“飛機頭”的發型曾在即墨、嶗山一(yi)帶已婚婦女中盛(sheng)行一(yi)時。

解放(fang)初期,興(xing)梳雙辮,有人認(ren)為辮子越長越美,最長者幾可垂地(di)。

70年代,留(liu)短發(fa)者增多(duo),有的(de)在頭兩側各梳一短辮(bian),叫“扎兩把(ba)刷子”。在腦后將(jiang)頭發(fa)攏(long)起(qi),群眾戲(xi)稱“鴉(ya)鵲尾巴”。

80年代,流行燙發,初傳到農(nong)村時,農(nong)婦(fu)們(men)曾謔稱為“鴉鵲窩”,如今燙發者很普遍(bian),發式越來越多樣化了。

上衣、下(xia)衣 清代,豪門富家男子(zi)(zi)穿(chuan)(chuan)長(chang)(chang)袍馬(ma)褂。馬(ma)褂是一(yi)個半(ban)身小罩(zhao)褂,馬(ma)蹄(ti)袖,穿(chuan)(chuan)時袖口白野子(zi)(zi)翻出(chu)。女子(zi)(zi)穿(chuan)(chuan)右(you)襟上衣,下(xia)系長(chang)(chang)裙或肥褲。一(yi)般人家,男女都穿(chuan)(chuan)粗(cu)布(bu)短衣,俗稱(cheng)“更衣”,上衣分單衫(亦叫“小褂”)、夾襖、棉襖3類。男上衣為對襟,下(xia)端(duan)左右(you)兩邊有兩個長(chang)(chang)方兜,一(yi)排布(bu)制扣(kou)子(zi)(zi),稱(cheng)“子(zi)(zi)母扣(kou)”。女上衣都逞大(da)襟,大(da)襟從(cong)左到(dao)右(you)可把(ba)全胸裹住。老年人還喜歡用約10厘米寬的布(bu)帶扎腿(tui),布(bu)帶稱(cheng)“腿(tui)帶”,多為黑色。

20年(nian)代后,馬褂(gua)漸被淘(tao)汰,但長(chang)袍(pao)、長(chang)衫(亦稱“大褂(gua)”)仍很流行,是知(zhi)識分(fen)子、商人、鄉紳(shen)們(men)的(de)(de)常用服裝。戴(dai)禮帽(mao)、穿(chuan)(chuan)長(chang)衫是會(hui)親放友和(he)禮節交往中的(de)(de)最好穿(chuan)(chuan)戴(dai)。直到(dao)50年(nian)代長(chang)衫才逐(zhu)漸淘(tao)汰,如今,說唱藝人在舞臺上也很少穿(chuan)(chuan)用了。

旗袍(pao)也從20年(nian)代(dai)起廣為流(liu)行。40年(nian)代(dai),一種仁(ren)丹士林(lin)布的藍(lan)色旗袍(pao)很受青年(nian)學(xue)生青睞。

50年代,男子(zi)(zi)穿中山服(fu)和學生(sheng)服(fu)的居(ju)多。冬季(ji)(ji)穿棉大(da)衣(yi)(yi)或呢(ni)子(zi)(zi)大(da)衣(yi)(yi)(鄉間(jian)(jian)人習慣稱呢(ni)子(zi)(zi)大(da)衣(yi)(yi)為“大(da)氅”),夏季(ji)(ji)興穿制服(fu)短(duan)褲。女(nv)子(zi)(zi)多穿列寧服(fu)和連(lian)衣(yi)(yi)裙(qun),但流行時間(jian)(jian)不長,冬季(ji)(ji)穿一(yi)種帽子(zi)(zi)和上衣(yi)(yi)連(lian)在(zai)一(yi)起的短(duan)大(da)衣(yi)(yi),有棉、皮(pi)兩種,分別叫“棉猴”和“皮(pi)猴”。農民仍(reng)多著(zhu)便衣(yi)(yi)褲褂,布(bu)料(liao)有所改善(shan),土(tu)布(bu)漸汰淘汰,燈芯絨布(bu)普遍。春秋衫針織品穿著(zhu)也很(hen)廣泛。

60年代(dai)(dai)到70年代(dai)(dai),化(hua)纖、化(hua)棉混紡布(bu)暢,補丁衣(yi)服基本絕跡。80年代(dai)(dai),男女穿西服的增多,各類衣(yi)服顏色也由灰、黃(huang)、藍(lan)變為五顏六色。

90年代(dai),服裝樣式(shi)更趨多樣化(hua),人們(men)追求(qiu)款(kuan)式(shi)、追求(qiu)新潮。西服、夾克服、太空服、T恤衫(shan)、獵(lie)裝、裘皮(pi)服裝等絢多彩(cai)。老年人服裝也重視款(kuan)式(shi),追求(qiu)鮮艷(yan)色(se)調。

除(chu)常用服裝外(wai),民(min)間尚有一些(xie)服飾為不同年齡(ling)的人專用。

“緊身”,一種紅色(se)內衣,布扣(kou)密密麻麻,穿時緊貼上身,為(wei)青年女(nv)子婚(hun)前必備(bei),婚(hun)后也要穿一段(duan)時間。

“肚(du)兜”,也是青年婦(fu)女的一種內衣,正方形(xing),上部成(cheng)淺半圓,下角(jiao)圓形(xing),設布帶(dai)系腰圍間,兜面多(duo)繡石(shi)榴、壽桃(tao)等吉祥圖案。兒(er)童也在(zai)夏季穿(chuan)戴。

“*褲(ku)”,也(ye)叫(jiao)“套(tao)(tao)褲(ku)”,是老年人穿(chuan)的一種(zhong)開襠棉褲(ku)。臀部及(ji)大腿(tui)后上部裸露,穿(chuan)時套(tao)(tao)在單褲(ku)外(wai)。

“百(bai)家衣”,亦稱“百(bai)納衣”,由(you)百(bai)十(shi)戶人(ren)家討來的各色花布做成,為兒童穿用,舊俗認為穿“百(bai)家衣”的孩(hai)童好養活。

鞋(xie)、襪 布(bu)鞋(xie)在青島民間已流行100余(yu)年(nian),因(yin)穿(chuan)著舒適輕(qing)便,至今仍(reng)受到人們特別是老年(nian)人的喜愛。布(bu)鞋(xie)一般為圓頭(tou)、圓口、布(bu)幫、布(bu)底(di),做時要經過搓麻繩、納鞋(xie)底(di)、做鞋(xie)幫、绱(shang)鞋(xie)等多道(dao)工序(xu)。舊時,新媳(xi)婦過門前要給婆(po)家(jia)每一個人做一雙新鞋(xie),婆(po)家(jia)以針線活的好壞,評說媳(xi)婦的巧拙(zhuo)。如(ru)今,機制商品鞋(xie)到處都有,已很少有人自(zi)己做鞋(xie)穿(chuan)了。

30年代到40年代,繡花(hua)(hua)(hua)鞋(xie)在農婦中曾廣為流行。繡花(hua)(hua)(hua)鞋(xie)亦布(bu)底、布(bu)幫、圓口,只是在鞋(xie)頭、鞋(xie)幫處用絲線繡上梅花(hua)(hua)(hua)、蘭花(hua)(hua)(hua)、荷(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)、菊花(hua)(hua)(hua)等花(hua)(hua)(hua)樣,新婚婦女必(bi)穿。

過去還有(you)幾種民間自制的(de)、實用而不美觀的(de)靴鞋(xie)受到(dao)農民的(de)歡迎。

豬皮靴(xue)(xue)(俗名(ming)“豬皮綁”),是用整塊豬皮縫(feng)制(zhi)的(de)(de),內裝牛(niu)、羊(yang)毛,既御(yu)寒,又防滑(hua)。據傳此靴(xue)(xue)源于戰(zhan)國時(shi)期,齊國軍師孫臏為(wei)保(bao)護被削去髕(bin)骨的(de)(de)傷腿,用獸皮制(zhi)成有史以(yi)來第一雙過膝皮靴(xue)(xue),供作戰(zhan)時(shi)穿用,齊人(ren)盡效仿,流傳下來。

熬皮綁,是用輪胎外帶作鞋(xie)底、簾子布作鞋(xie)面(mian)制成的。因(yin)結(jie)實耐穿(chuan)、價格低廉(lian),嶗(lao)山、即墨等山區農民多穿(chuan)用。

夫(fu)子(zi)履(lv),是在鞋前用較(jiao)硬(ying)皮革做成單條或雙條凸筋,分別叫“單梁(liang)夫(fu)子(zi)履(lv)”和“雙梁(liang)夫(fu)子(zi)履(lv)”。因其(qi)形如抓(zhua)勾,所以又叫“抓(zhua)勾鞋”。鞋的前頭(tou)堅(jian)硬(ying)結實,踢到硬(ying)物時可保(bao)護腳(jiao)趾,平度一帶山民穿用者較(jiao)多(duo)。

另(ling)有(you)虎頭鞋(xie),為孩童穿用,與虎頭帽用意相同,意在消災。

如今,農民(min)平時勞動(dong)多穿膠鞋(xie)(xie),節日和會親訪友時穿皮(pi)鞋(xie)(xie)。在城鎮,皮(pi)鞋(xie)(xie)、皮(pi)靴、旅游鞋(xie)(xie)都很流行,款式(shi)繁多。

襪(wa)(wa)子,從前(qian)農民穿布襪(wa)(wa),多用(yong)手搖紡車織的(de)“小(xiao)土(tu)布”做成,耐穿,但粗糙厚重。后來,機制線(xian)襪(wa)(wa)傳入,因(yin)穿著舒適,很快流行開來。線(xian)襪(wa)(wa)不(bu)結實,易破,破時用(yong)碎布補綴(zhui)。如今,人們(men)普遍穿尼龍襪(wa)(wa),但精制線(xian)襪(wa)(wa)也很時興(xing)。

首飾(shi)、佩(pei)戴 舊時,婦女的(de)飾(shi)物佩(pei)戴有耳(er)(er)墜(zhui)(zhui)、頭(tou)簪、手鐲、項(xiang)鎖(suo)、戒指等(deng)多(duo)種。耳(er)(er)墜(zhui)(zhui)俗稱“墜(zhui)(zhui)子”,平時佩(pei)戴是(shi)一對圓圈(quan)形的(de)小(xiao)耳(er)(er)環(huan),也叫“圈(quan)兒(er)”,節(jie)日和禮(li)儀往(wang)來則(ze)戴長墜(zhui)(zhui)。有的(de)男

手(shou)鐲在(zai)民間也很(hen)流(liu)行,成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)戴的(de)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)板式,飾有(you)花紋(wen)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩戴的(de)為(wei)(wei)圓形(xing),對(dui)接處(chu)有(you)兩個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)圓豆(dou),以避(bi)免損(sun)傷皮肉。有(you)的(de)在(zai)手(shou)鐲上系一對(dui)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鈴鐺,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩搖動小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)手(shou),嘩(hua)嘩(hua)作響(xiang),饒(rao)有(you)情趣。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩還戴鎖(suo),是鎖(suo)住小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩好(hao)養的(de)意思。百(bai)(bai)家鎖(suo)(也叫“長命(ming)鎖(suo)”)是小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩過(guo)百(bai)(bai)日(ri)時的(de)必戴飾物(wu)。

舊時,除(chu)富戶、官宦(huan)人(ren)家有金(jin)鐲(zhuo)、金(jin)墜(zhui)、金(jin)戒指外,一般(ban)人(ren)家的飾物(wu)都是銀制的。近幾年,戴金(jin)戒指、金(jin)耳環很(hen)普(pu)遍,金(jin)項鏈(lian)、金(jin)手(shou)鏈(lian)、金(jin)腳鏈(lian)也已進入尋常百姓家。

在服飾(shi)民(min)俗中,服飾(shi)的(de)顏色(se)、樣式、制(zhi)作方法都有(you)許多禁忌(ji)。如(ru)子女在服孝(xiao)期(qi)間不能穿(chuan)(chuan)紅、黃、綠等鮮艷色(se)彩服裝,只能穿(chuan)(chuan)白、灰(hui)、黑等素(su)色(se);婚嫁、生育、過年等喜慶日子則忌(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)白、有(you)的(de)禁忌(ji)與(yu)諧音(yin)有(you)關,如(ru)做壽衣(yi)忌(ji)用緞子,“緞”與(yu)“斷(duan)”同音(yin),恐斷(duan)子絕孫(sun)。

黑素色,結婚(hun)時甚至新(xin)郎穿的襯(chen)衣也不用白布(bu);衣服的下擺(bai)忌有(you)毛邊,帶毛邊的是喪服,穿了(le)不吉(ji)利。

在(zai)民間,許(xu)多(duo)習(xi)俗(su)中(zhong)都(dou)認為雙數吉利,衣(yi)(yi)服扣子(zi)卻(que)喜單(dan)忌(ji)雙,說(shuo)是“四(si)六不成才”,雙數會影(ying)響穿(chuan)衣(yi)(yi)人事業(ye)的成功。

衣服破了或掉了扣子(zi),忌(ji)穿(chuan)在(zai)(zai)身(shen)上縫補(bu)。如(ru)果(guo)必須在(zai)(zai)身(shen)上補(bu),被(bei)縫者口中要銜一(yi)根草,說這樣針不(bu)扎人(ren)。

男(nan)人還忌(ji)從(cong)晾(liang)曬的(de)女(nv)(nv)人褲下(xia)走過,說這會妨(fang)礙男(nan)人運氣,實(shi)際(ji)上是輕視婦女(nv)(nv)的(de)一種(zhong)表(biao)現。

孩子只在左耳朵上戴一只小墜子,說是“曳”著(zhu)好養(yang)活。

結婚(hun)后的婦(fu)女帶簪(zan),梳頭時插在(zai)纂上(shang)。簪(zan)一般為(wei)平板(ban)式(shi),上(shang)部微彎,下(xia)部尖細。另有一種針形簪(zan)子,簪(zan)頭鑲(xiang)有珠(zhu)子或珠(zhu)花。

飲食民俗

青(qing)島(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俗(su)屬于(yu)(yu)我國北方類型,受(shou)京津一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)影響(xiang)很(hen)(hen)(hen)深(shen)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),雜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谷(gu)(gu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)梁、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)類(黃(huang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、綠豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、紅(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou))、黍子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)五(wu)谷(gu)(gu)雜糧(liang).副食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),肉(rou)類、蛋類過去(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尋(xun)常人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)辦喜(xi)事(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)待客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍品(pin)(pin)。 城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)都通(tong)行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日三餐,早晚稱(cheng)“朝飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,午飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱(cheng)“晌飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,晚飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱(cheng)“夜(ye)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)冬閑時則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日兩(liang)(liang)(liang)餐,稱(cheng)“吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)頓飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。過去(qu)(qu)(qu),農(nong)(nong)村(cun)朝飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或高(gao)(gao)(gao)梁面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),配(pei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)梁面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)統稱(cheng)“粘粥(zhou)”,也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“糊涂(tu)”。晌飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時摻上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)或綠豆(dou)(dou)(dou)。夜(ye)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao))。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)排叫(jiao)(jiao)“兩(liang)(liang)(liang)稀(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)”。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)化較大(da)(da),大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)白(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尋(xun)常人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)常便飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),魚(yu)(yu)肉(rou)習以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常,玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)已(yi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)少(shao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),農(nong)(nong)閑時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“兩(liang)(liang)(liang)頓飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”也(ye)多(duo)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日三餐,然(ran)而早飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)稀(xi)(xi)粥(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣(guan)(guan)無(wu)論城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)都沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)改(gai)變(bian)。下面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)就(jiu)具(ju)體介紹幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“美食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi):這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過去(qu)(qu)(qu)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)習慣(guan)(guan)叫(jiao)(jiao)“苞米(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)帶(dai)頭(tou)同加水放(fang)入(ru)鍋內(nei)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)烀餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、蒸餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。菜(cai)(cai)(cai)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)加野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)或青(qing)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)葉(xie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋蒸熟(shu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)度(du)荒年(nian)(nian)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),現(xian)已(yi)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。另(ling)外還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)許白(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“發糕”,則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)屬玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin),多(duo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)節(jie)(jie)(jie)日中食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就(jiu)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)魚(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)醬(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)沿海(hai)漁民(min)中最常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)。咸(xian)(xian)(xian)魚(yu)(yu)中以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)鲅(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)、咸(xian)(xian)(xian)刀魚(yu)(yu)(帶(dai)魚(yu)(yu))和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)咸(xian)(xian)(xian)白(bai)鱗為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最佳,蝦(xia)醬(jiang)(jiang)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蝦(xia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)醬(jiang)(jiang)、蟹醬(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)蝦(xia)頭(tou)醬(jiang)(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對蝦(xia)頭(tou)磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)。山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)喜(xi)歡大(da)(da)蔥蘸大(da)(da)醬(jiang)(jiang)就(jiu)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),大(da)(da)醬(jiang)(jiang)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)自(zi)己制作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣醬(jiang)(jiang)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)醬(jiang)(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)制作),其(qi)中用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃(huang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)發酵做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)豉,摻以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蘿(luo)卜丁(ding)、胡蘿(luo)卜丁(ding)、白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)絲(si)(si)(si)等(deng)(deng),吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)鮮美可品(pin)(pin),特別(bie)(bie)(bie)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)喜(xi)愛(ai)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua):學名甘薯,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區,特別(bie)(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即墨(mo)、萊西、嶗山(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)產(chan)(chan)量高(gao)(gao)(gao),莖葉(xie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)喂牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)(hao)飼料(liao)(liao),又適于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)嶺薄(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)山(shan)(shan)區廣泛栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 鮮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)怕凍(dong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)好(hao)(hao)(hao)儲(chu)藏。萊西等(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)冬天多(duo)把(ba)(ba)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)屋(wu)內(nei)頂(ding)棚上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang);即墨(mo)、嶗山(shan)(shan)等(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)多(duo)堆積在(zai)(zai)(zai)生火的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炕(kang)頭(tou),或在(zai)(zai)(zai)屋(wu)內(nei)挖(wa)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)窖存放(fang)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)可吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)到(dao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)年(nian)(nian)春,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)半年(nian)(nian)糧(liang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說法(fa)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣,除鮮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)煮(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或擦(ca)絲(si)(si)(si)煮(zhu)粥(zhou)外,主(zhu)要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)切(qie)(qie)(qie)片(pian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)擦(ca)絲(si)(si)(si)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),分別(bie)(bie)(bie)叫(jiao)(jiao)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)”、“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)(si)”。將(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)(si)碾碎磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),即為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)(si)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“豆(dou)(dou)(dou)包(bao)”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)太(tai)好(hao)(hao)(hao)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了“別(bie)(bie)(bie)拿著豆(dou)(dou)(dou)包(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)當干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)糧(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俗(su)語,意思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)(bie)瞧(qiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)只(zhi)能煮(zhu)著吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),由(you)于(yu)(yu)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可口(kou),如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)很(hen)(hen)(hen)少(shao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),只(zhi)能做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)飼料(liao)(liao)了。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)可單獨和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)烙(luo)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)或烀餅(bing)(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),還(huan)可與其(qi)他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉混合包(bao)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、搟(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)或做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)其(qi)他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)很(hen)(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特色,如(ru)(ru)(ru)采一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)“筋骨草”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)或榆樹皮(pi),搗碎后(hou)(hou)(hou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混合,搟(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao),放(fang)鍋內(nei)箅子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)蒸,鍋底煮(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)鹵(lu),熟(shu)悉后(hou)(hou)(hou)將(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)鹵(lu)澆在(zai)(zai)(zai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鍋熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)給(gei)起(qi)(qi)(qi)了個很(hen)(hen)(hen)形象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名字,叫(jiao)(jiao)“二(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)樓”。還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)“金(jin)銀卷”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)分3層卷起(qi)(qi)(qi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋蒸熟(shu)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。金(jin)銀卷黃(huang)、白(bai)、黑三色相(xiang)(xiang)間,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)香(xiang)(xiang)里透(tou)甜,這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區也(ye)很(hen)(hen)(hen)盛行(xing)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)很(hen)(hen)(hen)多(duo)花(hua)(hua)樣。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)生活(huo)水平提高(gao)(gao)(gao)了,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷(li)史(shi),但“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)”仍(reng)深(shen)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)喜(xi)愛(ai)。烤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)(zao)、炸(zha)(zha)(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片(pian)還(huan)擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)批的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛(ai)好(hao)(hao)(hao)者(zhe)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)(zao)(萊西叫(jiao)(jiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)陰干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan))是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)冬天把(ba)(ba)煮(zhu)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切(qie)(qie)(qie)片(pian)曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)密封于(yu)(yu)缸、壇內(nei),到(dao)春天取出,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層白(bai)醭,味(wei)道甚佳。炸(zha)(zha)(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片(pian)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)鮮地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切(qie)(qie)(qie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薄(bo)片(pian),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),撒上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)砂糖,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)香(xiang)(xiang)脆可口(kou)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)(zao)、炸(zha)(zha)(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 片(pian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)攤和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)店(dian)里多(duo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出售。米(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):青(qing)島(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區不(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)(chan)大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi),過去(qu)(qu)(qu),大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)錢人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐桌(zhuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方能見(jian)到(dao),尋(xun)常人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。即墨(mo)等(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)把(ba)(ba)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“撈干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,作法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)加水煮(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)半熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),把(ba)(ba)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)濾出再上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋蒸,濾出來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)汁叫(jiao)(jiao)“飲湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”,這(zhe)(zhe)樣,飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)全有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)既省(sheng)柴草又省(sheng)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作法(fa),世代相(xiang)(xiang)傳,直(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)里如(ru)(ru)(ru)加上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou),或綠豆(dou)(dou)(dou),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)更香(xiang)(xiang),味(wei)道也(ye)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)還(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)胡米(mi)(mi)(mi)(高(gao)(gao)(gao)粱米(mi)(mi)(mi))或慘(can)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。慘(can)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皮(pi)厚產(chan)(chan)量低,做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)味(wei)道不(bu)(bu)(bu)佳,如(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)已(yi)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黍子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)“大(da)(da)黃(huang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,多(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)它包(bao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮(pi)蒸糕,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)日食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。稀(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):農(nong)(nong)家(jia)(jia)常吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、胡休米(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)渣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、胡休面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)熬成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)營養豐富(fu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)婦女“坐月子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)伺候老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、病人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳品(pin)(pin)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)許玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)摻上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、再加點鹽(yan)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)“菜(cai)(cai)(cai)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前度(du)荒年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo):也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“饅頭(tou)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逢年(nian)(nian)過節(jie)(jie)(jie)、祭祖供神和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)親友之間禮(li)儀(yi)往來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),花(hua)(hua)樣繁多(duo)。 棗(zao)(zao)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)頂(ding)端做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)5個棗(zao)(zao)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),嵌上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)蒸熟(shu),作供品(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);磕(ke)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)模(俗(su)稱(cheng)“餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)磕(ke)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”)磕(ke)出蓮蓬、魚(yu)(yu)、桃、蟬、獅、猴等(deng)(deng)形狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贈送親友和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)節(jie)(jie)(jie)日期間食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)重要(yao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)慶日,如(ru)(ru)(ru)祭海(hai),漁婦們(men)(men)還(huan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)魚(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)、蟹、貝、花(hua)(hua)卉或雞、燕(yan)等(deng)(deng)動植物面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塑,形象(xiang)逼真,造型美觀,使人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)樂于(yu)(yu)觀賞,不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍心(xin)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)掉。面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao):青(qing)島(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)習慣(guan)(guan)叫(jiao)(jiao)“面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”,由(you)農(nong)(nong)婦們(men)(men)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)搟(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)杖搟(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),按(an)形狀(zhuang)分,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寬(kuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、棋子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)塊(kuai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀切(qie)(qie)(qie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)菱角(jiao)型)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)細面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)等(deng)(deng),寬(kuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“寬(kuan)心(xin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結婚時新(xin)郎新(xin)娘必吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)城(cheng)鄉婚禮(li)中仍(reng)很(hen)(hen)(hen)流(liu)行(xing)。按(an)糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)類分,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)百湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、豌(wan)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、雜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)由(you)白(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混合而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))、“三條(tiao)(tiao)腿面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”(由(you)白(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)褂成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang),片(pian)薄(bo)光滑,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)非(fei)常可口(kou)。餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi):在(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)叫(jiao)(jiao)“滑扎”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)最愛(ai)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。過去(qu)(qu)(qu),老(lao)百姓(xing)家(jia)(jia)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過節(jie)(jie)(jie)或招待客人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時才包(bao)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)豬肉(rou)餡、蘿(luo)卜絲(si)(si)(si)蝦(xia)皮(pi)餡、韭菜(cai)(cai)(cai)餡等(deng)(deng)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。沿海(hai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魚(yu)(yu)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特色,其(qi)中以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鲅(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最佳。青(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)(shi)區至今(jin)(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)谷(gu)(gu)雨前后(hou)(hou)(hou)鲅(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi) 時,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)向老(lao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)送鲅(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)、讓父母(mu)嘗(chang)鮮鲅(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習俗(su)。 近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)(lai),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(薺菜(cai)(cai)(cai))餡餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)得青(qing)島(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)青(qing)睞,春季在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些大(da)(da)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)店(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐桌(zhuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)常可見(jian)到(dao)。

居住民俗

居住(zhu)(zhu)(又稱“住(zhu)(zhu)所)是人類抵(di)御風寒和休(xiu)息繁衍的場(chang)所,是人們賴以生存的重要條件(jian)之(zhi)一。受生活的地域、環境(jing)條件(jian)等(deng)影響,我國各(ge)地居住(zhu)(zhu)類型、房屋樣式都有所不同,居住(zhu)(zhu)風俗也多(duo)種多(duo)樣。

青島地(di)區(qu)農(nong)村房(fang)屋結(jie)構(gou)與我國北(bei)方地(di)區(qu)的房(fang)屋結(jie)構(gou)相似,建房(fang)多取(qu)向陽山(shan)坡,講究向陽背陰、依山(shan)靠水。房(fang)屋為土木磚石(shi)結(jie)構(gou),一列3至5間,與左鄰右舍(she)接山(shan)連墻,屋頂為“人”字型(亦稱“雙流水型”)。建有正屋、東西廂屋或倒屋,各家(jia)自成(cheng)院(yuan)落(luo)。以(yi)三合院(yuan)居(ju)多。

村莊大(da)小不一,少者幾(ji)戶(hu),大(da)的數百戶(hu),近年又(you)出(chu)現(xian)了不少千戶(hu)大(da)村。

1897年(nian)后,德(de)國,日(ri)本先(xian)后侵(qin)占青島。隨著港口和市(shi)政(zheng)的建(jian)設(she),大批農(nong)民(min)涌(yong)入市(shi)區,當時西鎮(zhen)一(yi)帶建(jian)起(qi)了10個(ge)平(ping)民(min)院,臺東(dong)鎮(zhen)的南山、仲家洼等(deng)處也陸(lu)續出現了一(yi)些(xie)棚戶區。這些(xie)院區建(jian)房無規(gui)劃(hua),房屋(wu)低矮陰暗,環(huan)境惡劣,除“人”字型屋(wu)頂外,還出現了許多一(yi)面(mian)坡房屋(wu),人們習慣叫“道(dao)士帽”。由于居住(zhu)(zhu)環(huan)境、條件的改變,一(yi)些(xie)千(qian)百年(nian)來(lai)傳承(cheng)下(xia)來(lai)的居住(zhu)(zhu)民(min)俗也就無法延(yan)續下(xia)來(lai)。

80年代起(qi),政府推(tui)行(xing)(xing)舊城改(gai)造工(gong)程,90年代又實行(xing)(xing)安(an)居工(gong)程。現在(zai),平民院和棚(peng)戶(hu)區(qu)已相細(xi)建成居民小區(qu),樓(lou)群林立,環境優美,人們居住條件(jian)大為改(gai)善。

在此(ci)期間,青(qing)島地區農村的老式住房也多為美(mei)(mei)觀的住宅樓(lou)代(dai)替。居(ju)住由單純實用(yong)型向注(zhu)重審美(mei)(mei)型發展。一(yi)些現代(dai)建筑材(cai)料被廣泛(fan)采用(yong),不少村莊也出現了樓(lou)群。

村(cun)莊 青島農村(cun)除極少數住“山庵”的(de)看山人外,多(duo)聚(ju)集一起居住,因而構成大小(xiao)不同(tong)的(de)建(jian)筑群,稱作“村(cun)”、“莊”、“仝”或“屯(tun)”。

村里的(de)道路,大的(de)叫“街(jie)”,多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)東西向(xiang),稱前街(jie)、后街(jie)。大的(de)村莊街(jie)多(duo)(duo),則冠姓氏(shi)為(wei)(wei)街(jie)名,如(ru)張家街(jie)、王(wang)家街(jie)。

小的道路稱(cheng)(cheng)“胡同(tong)(tong)”,多以姓(xing)氏、堂號(hao)、村中名人或樹(shu)木為名,如宋(song)家胡同(tong)(tong)、福來胡同(tong)(tong)、解元胡同(tong)(tong)、老槐樹(shu)胡同(tong)(tong)等;很(hen)狹窄的小路稱(cheng)(cheng)“夾(jia)道”;閑散(san)人經常聚集閑談的地方稱(cheng)(cheng)“懶漢(han)子窩(wo)”、“老頭窩(wo)”。

有(you)(you)(you)些村名(ming)(ming)很有(you)(you)(you)特色,也很有(you)(you)(you)趣,如萊西(xi)張哥莊(zhuang)(zhuang)是因(yin)為有(you)(you)(you)一個姓張的(de)(de)漢子在這里(li)安(an)家(jia)(jia)落戶而(er)得名(ming)(ming)。此人(ren)豪爽,樂于助人(ren),附(fu)近人(ren)尊稱為張哥,村名(ming)(ming)也就成(cheng)了張哥莊(zhuang)(zhuang)。因(yin)“哥”、“格”“戈”同音,以后就出(chu)現了像(xiang)周戈莊(zhuang)(zhuang)、夏格莊(zhuang)(zhuang)等村名(ming)(ming)。這種以姓氏為名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)村莊(zhuang)(zhuang)非常多,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)直接叫(jiao)“岳家(jia)(jia)”、“趙家(jia)(jia)”,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)則加“屯(tun)”、“溝”、“店”等字,叫(jiao)“梁家(jia)(jia)仝”、“于家(jia)(jia)屯(tun)”、“王(wang)家(jia)(jia)溝”、“徐(xu)家(jia)(jia)店”等。

有的村是(shi)(shi)以建村人(ren)的特征(zheng)而得(de)名(ming)。萊西有個李(li)胡子莊,是(shi)(shi)因為清嘉(jia)慶(qing)年(nian)間,一個叫李(li)克用(yong)的人(ren)此建村,他胡子很長,人(ren)稱“李(li)胡子”,日久(jiu),這(zhe)村就(jiu)(jiu)叫做“李(li)胡子莊”。后來,有人(ren)感到此名(ming)不(bu)雅,民國初年(nian)該村名(ming)就(jiu)(jiu)演化(hua)成今天的“李(li)虎莊”。

也有的以建村人的職(zhi)業(ye)為村名。嶗山(shan)有個皂(zao)(zao)戶(hu)村,因為明(ming)永樂年(nian)間有幾家用灶具(ju)燒鹽戶(hu)來此定居,宋代(dai)稱鹽戶(hu)為“皂(zao)(zao)戶(hu)”,這個村也就叫做(zuo)“皂(zao)(zao)戶(hu)村”。

有不少(shao)村莊(zhuang)是以神話傳(chuan)說(shuo)中(zhong)的(de)(de)名稱命(ming)名的(de)(de)。嶗(lao)山有個(ge)女(nv)(nv)姑(gu)(gu)山村,因為(wei)村南有個(ge)“老姑(gu)(gu)庵”廟,廟內(nei)的(de)(de)主神人(ren)稱“女(nv)(nv)姑(gu)(gu)”,傳(chuan)說(shuo)是《封神榜》中(zhong)趙公明元帥的(de)(de)妹妹,人(ren)們就(jiu)把村名定為(wei)“女(nv)(nv)姑(gu)(gu)山”。登(deng)瀛村是傳(chuan)說(shuo)秦人(ren)徐福(fu)為(wei)取(qu)長生不老藥,由此登(deng)程去仙島瀛洲而得名。嶗(lao)山石老人(ren)村村名,不但源于一(yi)個(ge)優美的(de)(de)神話故事,還(huan)因為(wei)村前海(hai)邊有一(yi)塊狀(zhuang)似老人(ren)的(de)(de)巨石。

有的(de)村(cun)(cun)莊以舊時駐軍軍屯(tun)或(huo)官屯(tun)為(wei)名(ming),如鰲山(shan)衛(wei)、雄崖(ya)所、營上、黃(huang)官屯(tun)等;有的(de)以寺(si)廟、古(gu)家(jia)為(wei)名(ming),像廟頭、家(jia)子(zi)頭、廟東、石佛院等;有的(de)以地(di)理環境取村(cun)(cun)名(ming),如簸箕(ji)嶺(ling),因(yin)其地(di)形(xing)像簸箕(ji)而得名(ming);還有以建村(cun)(cun)時當地(di)的(de)村(cun)(cun)木(mu)花(hua)草為(wei)名(ming),如桃林、棗園、柳樹(shu)屯(tun)、榛(zhen)子(zi)溝等。

1979年,青島開始地名(ming)(ming)普(pu)查,對重復的(de)和不雅的(de)村(cun)(cun)名(ming)(ming)進行了調整(zheng)。村(cun)(cun)名(ming)(ming)和村(cun)(cun)名(ming)(ming)用字都(dou)達到了標(biao)準化(hua)、規范化(hua)。

院(yuan)(yuan)落 青島(dao)民(min)間居(ju)住(zhu)大都各(ge)自(zi)成院(yuan)(yuan),俗稱(cheng)“天井”、“院(yuan)(yuan)子”。

過(guo)去,許多人(ren)家都(dou)喜歡設前(qian)后(hou)兩院。前(qian)院面積大,是(shi)一家人(ren)平日活(huo)動的主要(yao)場地,院里建豬圈、而所,喜栽(zai)石(shi)榴、月季等花卉樹木。后(hou)院很小,用處不大,只(zhi)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)擋住后(hou)窗,認為(wei)后(hou)窗臨(lin)街(jie)“不成住處”。如今(jin),隨著人(ren)們觀念(nian)的轉變,加(jia)上土地的寶貴,已很少有人(ren)設后(hou)院了(le)。

院(yuan)子周邊的墻(qiang)叫(jiao)“院(yuan)墻(qiang)”,舊時多用(yong)石(shi)(shi)塊壘(lei)成。在臨街(jie)墻(qiang)上(shang),鑲嵌帶(dai)“鼻(bi)梁”的石(shi)(shi)塊,用(yong)以拴騾馬(ma)(ma),叫(jiao)“拴馬(ma)(ma)石(shi)(shi)”。院(yuan)墻(qiang)上(shang)面(mian)抹石(shi)(shi)灰或(huo)泥(ni),叫(jiao)“打墻(qiang)頭(tou)頂(ding)。”院(yuan)墻(qiang)上(shang)面(mian)抹成半(ban)圓形,叫(jiao)“和尚頭(tou)”。如今,院(yuan)墻(qiang)多用(yong)石(shi)(shi)塊壘(lei)下(xia)部,上(shang)面(mian)壘(lei)磚(zhuan),外面(mian)用(yong)水泥(ni)抹平;也有(you)的用(yong)磚(zhuan)或(huo)水泥(ni)砌成幾何圖案,稱做“花墻(qiang)”。院(yuan)墻(qiang)不得高于屋檐。

臨街(jie)(jie)院(yuan)墻處(chu)留有大(da)門(men)(men)口,俗稱“街(jie)(jie)門(men)(men)”或“街(jie)(jie)門(men)(men)口”。街(jie)(jie)門(men)(men)多為南(nan)向或東向,胡同(tong)里(li)也有西(xi)向的(de)(de),但很少北向的(de)(de)。街(jie)(jie)門(men)(men)要與對門(men)(men)鄰居的(de)(de)大(da)門(men)(men)口偏離,叫做“斜對門(men)(men)”。

大(da)門(men)(men)一般漆為黑色,老(lao)輩(bei)有功(gong)名(ming)的(de)(de)人(ren)家可漆紅(hong)色。門(men)(men)為兩(liang)扇,每扇裝一個鐵(tie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)門(men)(men)環(huan),左邊的(de)(de)門(men)(men)環(huan)連著(zhu)門(men)(men)內“搖關(guan)(guan)”,“搖關(guan)(guan)”可轉動(dong),供隨手(shou)關(guan)(guan)門(men)(men)用(yong)。有的(de)(de)人(ren)家還在門(men)(men)上裝有鐵(tie)制(zhi)的(de)(de)環(huan)扣,叫(jiao)“門(men)(men)劃拉”,用(yong)以(yi)鎖門(men)(men)。

門(men)(men)上(shang)(shang)部修有門(men)(men)樓,舊(jiu)時大(da)門(men)(men)和門(men)(men)樓都是(shi)財勢的(de)(de)象(xiang)征,富(fu)有人(ren)家的(de)(de)門(men)(men)樓修四角飛檐,上(shang)(shang)飾有“龍頭”、“壽狗”等吉祥物,大(da)門(men)(men)高大(da),彩畫裝飾。平(ping)常人(ren)家的(de)(de)大(da)門(men)(men)、門(men)(men)樓都很簡(jian)陋,門(men)(men)樓多用草氈,有的(de)(de)大(da)門(men)(men)沒有門(men)(men)樓,叫(jiao)“土門(men)(men)子”。

大門內大多(duo)建有影壁(bi),俗稱“照(zhao)壁(bi)”(磚砌屏風),上(shang)寫“福”字,或繪(hui)有鹿(lu)、鶴等(deng)圖案,一求吉慶,二作裝飾。

房(fang)屋(wu)(wu) 民(min)間(jian)(jian)多住平房(fang)。舊(jiu)(jiu)時(shi),房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)結(jie)構(gou)為(wei)起脊,用(yong)梁(liang)、柱構(gou)成骨架,土墻草頂(ding),木欞(ling)窗戶(間(jian)(jian)有(you)石墻瓦(wa)頂(ding))。一(yi)幢房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)3、4、5間(jian)(jian)成套(tao),坐北朝南(nan)的(de)(de)房(fang)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)“正(zheng)屋(wu)(wu)”,坐南(nan)朝北的(de)(de)為(wei)“倒(dao)屋(wu)(wu)”,東(dong)(dong)(dong)西兩側(ce)為(wei)“廂屋(wu)(wu)”,分別叫(jiao)(jiao)“東(dong)(dong)(dong)廂屋(wu)(wu)”、“西廂屋(wu)(wu)”。正(zheng)屋(wu)(wu)中間(jian)(jian)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)“正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)”,兩邊分別叫(jiao)(jiao)“東(dong)(dong)(dong)間(jian)(jian)”、“西間(jian)(jian)”,再往里(li)叫(jiao)(jiao)“套(tao)間(jian)(jian)”。正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)設鍋灶(zao)(zao)兩個,通東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西間(jian)(jian)炕(kang)內,供(gong)冬季熱(re)炕(kang)取暖。舊(jiu)(jiu)時(shi),正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)與(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)間(jian)(jian)墻壁上(shang)多留一(yi)小方(fang)(fang)洞,叫(jiao)(jiao)“燈(deng)窩”,洞內可放(fang)油(you)燈(deng),這(zhe)樣一(yi)盞(zhan)燈(deng)可照明(ming)正(zheng)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)兩間(jian)(jian)房(fang),可節(jie)省燈(deng)油(you)。也(ye)有(you)的(de)(de)人(ren)把它叫(jiao)(jiao)做“婆婆眼”,說(shuo)從方(fang)(fang)洞中可看到灶(zao)(zao)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)行動,供(gong)婆婆監視媳婦(fu)用(yong)。在正(zheng)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)上(shang)方(fang)(fang)用(yong)木板或(huo)高梁(liang)秸扎(zha)頂(ding)棚,也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“天(tian)棚”,冬天(tian)可用(yong)來存放(fang)地(di)瓜(gua)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西間(jian)(jian)多用(yong)花(hua)紙(zhi)(zhi)貼棚頂(ding),裝飾有(you)蝙蝠(fu)、團花(hua)等剪紙(zhi)(zhi),叫(jiao)(jiao)“仰棚”。

人口多的(de)人家(jia),通常(chang)長輩(bei)住(zhu)正屋(wu),幼輩(bei)住(zhu)廂屋(wu)。住(zhu)一幢(chuang)房子的(de),長輩(bei)住(zhu)外間(jian)(jian),幼輩(bei)住(zhu)里間(jian)(jian)(套(tao)間(jian)(jian)),長輩(bei)住(zhu)東間(jian)(jian),幼輩(bei)住(zhu)西(xi)間(jian)(jian)。

倒(dao)屋(wu)一般不住人(ren),普通人(ren)家堆放(fang)雜物、工具或柴草,有身份人(ren)家用作(zuo)待客,稱(cheng)“客屋(wu)”。

廂(xiang)(xiang)房夏熱冬冷,通風采(cai)光又差,所以民(min)間有(you)“東(dong)廂(xiang)(xiang)西廂(xiang)(xiang),不孝的(de)兒郎”、“有(you)錢(qian)不住(zhu)東(dong)廂(xiang)(xiang)房,冬不暖,夏不涼”的(de)俗諺(yan)。富有(you)人家的(de)廂(xiang)(xiang)房多不住(zhu)人,用作飼養(yang)大(da)牲畜或安石(shi)磨(mo)(mo)作磨(mo)(mo)房。

建房(fang)(青島(dao)人(ren)叫“蓋屋(wu)”)是一家人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)大事,舊時(shi)(shi),看風水、擇宅(zhai)基(ji)、安門框(kuang)、做(zuo)梁(liang)(liang)椽(chuan)等(deng)(deng)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)過多種儀式和(he)(he)活動,其中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)屬上(shang)(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)儀式最為(wei)熱鬧、隆重。上(shang)(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi)間一塊紅(hong)布,叫做(zuo)“掛紅(hong)”。梁(liang)(liang)檁上(shang)(shang)(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)貼上(shang)(shang)(shang)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)大吉(ji)”等(deng)(deng)字(zi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)坡,還要(yao)(yao)(yao)綁上(shang)(shang)(shang)筷子(zi),用紅(hong)繩系(xi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)銅制錢,掛上(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)布等(deng)(deng)飾物(wu),以求吉(ji)利。上(shang)(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi),房(fang)屋(wu)四周燃放(fang)鞭炮,正間當中(zhong)安設方桌,擺設供品,點燃紅(hong)燭,由建房(fang)人(ren)家的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)人(ren)跪拜。萊西一帶(dai)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi),兩位(wei)木匠、瓦匠師傅還要(yao)(yao)(yao)邊唱喜歌(ge)邊往下扔一些龍、鳳、虎、蝶等(deng)(deng)形狀的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)餑餑,逗引孩子(zi)們哄(hong)搶。上(shang)(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)儀式結束后的(de)(de)(de)當天,主(zhu)人(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)新房(fang)設宴(yan)請親朋、工匠和(he)(he)幫工者,酒菜一般都很豐盛。

現在,民(min)間(jian)建房(fang)“看風水(shui)”和“擺供(gong)求神”等(deng)舊(jiu)俗(su)多(duo)已廢(fei)除,但在梁(liang)、檁之上貼橫(heng)批、堅聯,以及放鞭炮等(deng)求吉習(xi)俗(su)仍流行(xing)。

70年(nian)代開(kai)始,農村(cun)建房(fang)由生產大隊(村(cun)委(wei)會)統一(yi)規劃,街道、房(fang)屋逐(zhu)步達(da)到(dao)布局整齊劃一(yi),房(fang)屋也(ye)多(duo)為(wei)磚石墻、瓦頂、玻璃窗戶。伙房(fang)、寢室、會客室分別設置,廂屋多(duo)為(wei)水泥平頂,用以曬糧食或夏夜乘涼(liang)。

80年代后,老舊(jiu)草房(fang)基本絕(jue)跡,有些農村已是樓房(fang)連片,農民的居住條(tiao)件大(da)為改善。

在居(ju)住民(min)俗中(zhong)(zhong),也有許多禁(jin)忌,但(dan)多帶有迷信色(se)彩,如過去有的地方農歷五月(yue)忌蓋(gai)屋,說五月(yue)為惡月(yue),蓋(gai)屋家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)死(si)人(ren),顯然沒有科學依據(ju);住所大(da)門忌沖著(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)丘,河(he)流(liu)、大(da)道(dao)、水井和墳(fen)墓,說這(zhe)樣會遭邪氣和不(bu)(bu)吉利,若無法避開,則(ze)要(yao)在門上掛“八(ba)卦(gua)鏡(jing)”破(po)解(jie);宅(zhai)(zhai)基不(bu)(bu)能直沖通街道(dao),也不(bu)(bu)能面(mian)(mian)對廟宇,如無法避開,要(yao)在宅(zhai)(zhai)子外面(mian)(mian)一角安一塊小石碑,上刻(ke)“泰山(shan)石敢當”5個(ge)字;建房用的木料,忌用楸木、槐(huai)木,因“楸”、“槐(huai)”沾著(zhu)(zhu)“火”、“鬼”二字,恐不(bu)(bu)吉。

在院(yuan)內還(huan)忌栽(zai)(zai)桑(sang)樹、柳(liu)樹和楊樹,俗稱前(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)栽(zai)(zai)桑(sang),后不(bu)(bu)(bu)栽(zai)(zai)柳(liu),院(yuan)內不(bu)(bu)(bu)栽(zai)(zai)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)拍(pai)手”。因為(wei)“桑(sang)”與“喪(sang)”同音,出門(men)風(feng)喪(sang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉;柳(liu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)結(jie)籽,恐無子絕(jue)后;栽(zai)(zai)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)拍(pai)手”(指(zhi)楊樹)則怕招來鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)魅,宅室不(bu)(bu)(bu)字。如(ru)今,已很少有人相信有什么鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)魅了,但農民院(yuan)子內外至今仍不(bu)(bu)(bu)栽(zai)(zai)植以(yi)上3種樹木。

禮儀民俗

人生(sheng)禮(li)儀(yi)民俗,是(shi)指人的一生(sheng)從誕生(sheng)到死亡各個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)的禮(li)節和(he)儀(yi)式(shi),包括生(sheng)禮(li)風(feng)俗、婚禮(li)風(feng)俗、壽(shou)禮(li)風(feng)俗和(he)喪禮(li)風(feng)俗,是(shi)最復雜(za)和(he)繁瑣的民俗事(shi)象。

在青島地區,嬰(ying)兒出(chu)生后(hou)(hou)要舉行“報喜”、“過(guo)三日(ri)”、搬(ban)滿月”、“過(guo)百(bai)歲(sui)”等多(duo)種儀式,直(zhi)到一歲(sui)生日(ri)過(guo)后(hou)(hou),生育的各種程序(xu)方(fang)算結束。

在(zai)生育(yu)民俗中,傳統的男尊女卑觀念很明顯,生男稱“大喜”,生女稱“小喜”。女孩(hai)報喜的時間要比(bi)男孩(hai)晚3天(tian),關這喜蛋要比(bi)男孩(hai)少,禮儀也比(bi)男孩(hai)簡單得多。

婚禮禮也是人(ren)生禮儀(yi)(yi)中(zhong)的一個大禮,舊時權勢人(ren)家結婚興(xing)“六禮”,即納彩(cai)、問名、納吉、納征、請日、親迎。尋常百姓家禮儀(yi)(yi)雖從(cong)簡,但也要經過說媒、定親(下媒柬)、送日子、送嫁(jia)妝(zhuang)、迎娶(qu)等多道(dao)程序。

送嫁妝、迎娶(qu)往往成為有錢人炫(xuan)耀門(men)庭(ting)的(de)時(shi)機(ji),大(da)操(cao)大(da)辦助長了鋪(pu)張(zhang)浪(lang)費風(feng)氣(qi)。

在婚(hun)俗中,有不(bu)(bu)少封建(jian)迷信色彩(cai),如合(he)婚(hun)批生辰八字(zi)、看男(nan)女(nv)屬相是(shi)否相克等。舊時“白(bai)馬怕青牛,羊(yang)鼠(shu)一旦休;金雞怕玉犬,雞猴不(bu)(bu)到頭(tou)”等說(shuo)法(fa)不(bu)(bu)知毀掉了(le)多(duo)少個幸(xing)福的(de)婚(hun)姻。

建(jian)國后(hou),實行新的婚(hun)(hun)姻法,過去的許多婚(hun)(hun)姻陋俗,如(ru)指腹婚(hun)(hun)、娃娃親、童養媳(xi)、結陰親、納妝、一夫(fu)娶二房等已絕跡。但(dan)近年來,婚(hun)(hun)姻中的大操辦之風仍很興盛。

壽禮(li)是為老年(nian)人(ren)(ren)慶壽的一種儀式。近年(nian)來,青(qing)島人(ren)(ren)祝壽、過去日習(xi)俗盛行,但禮(li)儀從簡。

喪(sang)事是人(ren)生(sheng)的終結,喪(sang)禮(li)是人(ren)生(sheng)的最后一次禮(li)儀。民間(jian)對喪(sang)禮(li)看得很重,往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)惜花費(fei)大(da)量財力、物(wu)力來安(an)慰亡(wang)靈。

過去(qu)青島(dao)人實行土葬(zang),葬(zang)禮程序繁多。如(ru)今,普(pu)遍推行火葬(zang),喪(sang)事從簡。有的(de)將(jiang)死者(zhe)骨(gu)灰盒埋葬(zang)土中,說(shuo)是“隨土而安”;有的(de)將(jiang)骨(gu)灰撒向(xiang)大海。

節日民俗

歲時節日民俗(su)是(shi)按(an)一年四季的氣(qi)候(hou)變(bian)(bian)化和節氣(qi)變(bian)(bian)換在民間形成的風俗(su)習慣,是(shi)我國民俗(su)中的重要(yao)組(zu)成部分。

歲時(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)民(min)(min)俗(su)中(zhong)傳承著許(xu)多具有(you)民(min)(min)族(zu)特色的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)。這些節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)經過(guo)于百年的(de)(de)傳承變異,已形成(cheng)了各自不同的(de)(de)內容與(yu)特色。其中(zhong)有(you)反映生產的(de)(de)農(nong)事(shi)(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(立春(chun)、谷雨、石頭節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)等(deng));祭(ji)奠祖先、神靈(ling)的(de)(de)祭(ji)祀節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(中(zhong)元節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、寒(han)衣節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));追念民(min)(min)族(zu)英雄和(he)名土偉人的(de)(de)紀念節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(清明節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、端午節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));祝(zhu)賀喜慶(qing)(qing)豐收、闔家團圓的(de)(de)慶(qing)(qing)賀節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(春(chun)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、中(zhong)秋(qiu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));還有(you)屬(shu)于游(you)藝娛樂(le)方面(mian)的(de)(de)游(you)樂(le)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(元宵(xiao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie))等(deng)。許(xu)多傳統節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)都伴有(you)一個優(you)美的(de)(de)神話(hua)傳說故事(shi)(shi),如乞巧節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“牛(niu)郎織女(nv)”、中(zhong)秋(qiu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“嫦娥奔月”、寒(han)衣節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“孟(meng)姜女(nv)千(qian)里(li)尋(xun)夫(fu)”等(deng)。

如(ru)(ru)今,一(yi)些大的(de)(de)全民性(xing)的(de)(de)節(jie)日,如(ru)(ru)春節(jie)、端午節(jie)、中秋節(jie)等仍很受人重視;一(yi)些小(xiao)的(de)(de)或地域(yu)性(xing)的(de)(de)節(jie)日,如(ru)(ru)五馬日、人日、石王(wang)生日等已逐漸被人們淡(dan)忘。

建國(guo)后,形成(cheng)了不(bu)少(shao)新興的(de)節日(ri),這(zhe)些節日(ri)有(you)的(de)是國(guo)際性的(de),部分(fen)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)特有(you),主要有(you)元旦、三(san)八(ba)國(guo)際勞(lao)動婦女節、五(wu)一國(guo)際勞(lao)動節、五(wu)四青(qing)年節、六一國(guo)際兒童節、七(qi)一建黨日(ri)、八(ba)一建軍節、九月十(shi)日(ri)教師節、十(shi)一國(guo)慶節等。

民俗節慶

1、青島(dao)蘿(luo)卜會(元宵山會)

舉(ju)辦時間:正(zheng)月初九(jiu)至正(zheng)月十五

舉辦地點:云(yun)溪(xi)庵

主要活動:開幕(mu)式,蘿卜藝術雕(diao)刻大賽,民間工藝品制(zhi)作(zuo)大賽,元宵制(zhi)作(zuo)展評,閉幕(mu)式等(deng)。

交通方式:在市內乘坐2,5,21,24,305路車在“黃(huang)臺路”下(xia)車即可。

背景(jing)介紹:云溪庵(an)始建(jian)于元代,屬道教廟宇,因出產的蘿(luo)(luo)卜(bu)脆而大(da)著名。民間(jian)有“正月初九吃(chi)蘿(luo)(luo)卜(bu)不牙疼,可防百病(bing)”的說法,因而蘿(luo)(luo)卜(bu)成(cheng)了廟會上的主要商(shang)品,漸(jian)漸(jian)廟會也(ye)就被人們稱之為(wei)“蘿(luo)(luo)卜(bu)會”。現在(zai)的蘿(luo)(luo)卜(bu)會人流(liu)如潮,各類商(shang)品琳瑯滿(man)目,已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)島城春節后第一個有影響的民間(jian)節日盛會。

2、海云庵(an)糖球會

舉辦時(shi)間:正(zheng)月(yue)十六至正(zheng)月(yue)十八

舉辦(ban)地點:海云庵

主要活(huo)動:茂腔、柳腔、皮(pi)影(ying)、雜(za)耍(shua)、剪紙、年畫(hua)、秧歌大賽(sai)、鑼鼓(gu)大賽(sai)等民間藝術(shu)活(huo)動,還有大型廣場文(wen)藝表(biao)演(yan)、地方戲專場演(yan)出、攝影(ying)抓拍比賽(sai)、書畫(hua)現場表(biao)演(yan)、武術(shu)表(biao)演(yan)等。

交通方式:市內可乘坐1、5、7、15、32、206、210、319路公交車前往。

背景(jing)介紹(shao):海云庵(an)始(shi)建于明代。舊時農歷正月十(shi)六(liu)是(shi)該庵(an)廟會,由于廟會上賣(mai)山楂糖球的特別多,便稱之為(wei)“海云庵(an)糖球會”。1986年青島(dao)恢復了這(zhe)一民俗節日(ri),為(wei)期3天。

3、田橫祭海節

舉辦時間:每年3月20到3月22日

舉辦地(di)點:即墨田橫鎮

主(zhu)要活動:祭(ji)海前一天,打掃龍(long)(long)王廟,擺香(xiang)爐、祭(ji)案,貼(tie)對聯,扎松(song)柏龍(long)(long)門(men)。 祭(ji)海當天,漁民們(men)以(yi)船為單位在龍(long)(long)王廟前的海灘上開始擺供。漁民們(men)將要焚燒的黃裱紙整理好,擺好香(xiang)爐,將上千掛紅彤彤的鞭炮升上高空。

交通方式:青島(dao)市區(qu)居(ju)民可(ke)以在青島(dao)四(si)方長途(tu)汽車站,坐從青島(dao)到即墨(mo)的流水(shui)發車,到站后直(zhi)接坐從即墨(mo)到田橫的流水(shui)車。

背景(jing)介紹:祭(ji)(ji)海是漁民(min)在(zai)漫長(chang)的(de)耕海牧(mu)漁生(sheng)活(huo)中創造的(de)一種獨(du)具(ju)地(di)域特(te)色的(de)漁家文(wen)化。每年(nian)(nian)谷雨前后,漁民(min)們(men)(men)在(zai)修(xiu)船(chuan)、添置漁具(ju)等生(sheng)產準備工(gong)作就緒后,選個黃(huang)道吉日(ri)把漁網抬上(shang)船(chuan),便開(kai)始祭(ji)(ji)海,因此又(you)稱“上(shang)網”。專家對(dui)田橫(heng)境內(nei)古(gu)文(wen)化遺址考證,早在(zai)6000年(nian)(nian)前的(de)新石器時代(dai),先民(min)們(men)(men)就在(zai)田橫(heng)區域靠漁獵為生(sheng),繁衍生(sheng)息。當時因認識(shi)水平(ping)有限,人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)無法解釋大自然的(de)神秘(mi)現象,對(dui)大海懷有深(shen)深(shen)的(de)敬畏心(xin)理,出(chu)海捕魚(yu)時都要向海神祈(qi)福求(qiu)安。明永樂(le)年(nian)(nian)間(jian),隨著當地(di)人(ren)(ren)口聚(ju)集,逐(zhu)漸形(xing)成村落,祭(ji)(ji)海儀式初見規模。至民(min)國(guo)初年(nian)(nian),田橫(heng)祭(ji)(ji)海形(xing)成以家族或(huo)船(chuan)組為單位的(de)集體祭(ji)(ji)海活(huo)動(dong)。

4、青(qing)島十梅庵梅花節

舉辦時間:每年3月中旬至4月上(shang)旬

舉辦地點:青島(dao)梅園

主要活(huo)動:梅(mei)花(hua)節的主要內(nei)容有梅(mei)花(hua),蠟(la)梅(mei)大、中、小(xiao)型(xing)盆(pen)景(jing)(jing),露地(di)景(jing)(jing)地(di)(梅(mei)樹),梅(mei)花(hua)、蠟(la)梅(mei)寫意盆(pen)景(jing)(jing),插(cha)花(hua)藝術,攝影(ying)展,詩書畫展等。

交通方式:乘坐 364路(lu), 在 十梅庵公(gong)園站 下車,步行150米至 梅園

背景介紹:1999年,在(zai)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)梅(mei)(mei)園(yuan)舉辦了第六屆中國梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蠟梅(mei)(mei)展覽會(hui)、第三屆國際梅(mei)(mei)文化(hua)學術研(yan)討會(hui)和青(qing)島(dao)(dao)市首屆梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)節,并被(bei)農業部命名為(wei)“中國梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)鄉”。 此后,青(qing)島(dao)(dao)十(shi)梅(mei)(mei)庵梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)節于每年3月(yue)中旬至4月(yue)上旬在(zai)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)十(shi)梅(mei)(mei)庵風景區(qu)內(nei)的青(qing)島(dao)(dao)梅(mei)(mei)園(yuan)舉行。梅(mei)(mei)園(yuan)每年還要邀請無錫園(yuan)林局、蘇州園(yuan)林局、武漢磨山管理局、山東騰蛟園(yuan)藝(yi)場等(deng)兄弟(di)單位共同參展。每年的梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)節,青(qing)島(dao)(dao)梅(mei)(mei)園(yuan)盛況空前,博大精深的梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)文化(hua)吸引游客超過10萬人次。

5、膠(jiao)南杜鵑花會

舉辦時間:3月28日(ri)——5月31日(ri)

舉辦地點(dian):膠南大(da)珠山風景區

主要活動(dong):四(si)到五(wu)月,珠山上杜(du)鵑開(kai)得正(zheng)盛,游(you)人(ren)主要活動(dong)是登山賞花(hua)。花(hua)會(hui)上還設(she)有(you)美食坊,沿途會(hui)有(you)轉(zhuan)風車、打(da)地鼠等真人(ren)活動(dong),可供娛樂。

交通方式:青島市民可乘(cheng)坐(zuo)3路、7路公交到(dao)達大珠山汽車(che)南站(zhan),或(huo)乘(cheng)坐(zuo)12路、101到(dao)達濱(bin)海大道后換乘(cheng)臨(lin)時專線公交車(che)至各景(jing)區觀光旅游,也可以直接乘(cheng)坐(zuo)102路到(dao)達珠山秀谷。

背(bei)景(jing)介紹:中國(guo)瑯琊旅游文化節暨膠(jiao)南杜鵑(juan)花會,以(yi)膠(jiao)南歷史文化為(wei)(wei)背(bei)景(jing),以(yi)瑯琊臺(tai)、靈(ling)山(shan)(shan)灣和萬畝野生(sheng)杜鵑(juan)花等旅游資源(yuan)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎,以(yi)提(ti)升膠(jiao)南城市(shi)品牌為(wei)(wei)目的(de),通過策劃(hua)豐富多(duo)彩的(de)主題(ti)活動(dong),多(duo)方位(wei)展現山(shan)(shan)水靈(ling)韻、和美膠(jiao)南的(de)醉(zui)人風(feng)光、風(feng)土人情(qing)和勃勃生(sheng)機,為(wei)(wei)廣大游客(ke)打造一個舒心、互動(dong)、和諧的(de)旅游節慶活動(dong),真(zhen)正實現社會效益(yi)、環境效益(yi)、經(jing)濟效益(yi)的(de)共贏。

6、青島賞花會

舉(ju)辦(ban)時間:4月中旬

舉(ju)辦(ban)地點:青島李滄(cang)區

主要活動(dong):大型主題晚會、國際(ji)插花藝術大賽(sai)、登山賞花游、書畫(hua)筆(bi)會、大型征文(wen)比賽(sai)、民俗文(wen)化(hua)活動(dong)周、優惠購(gou)物活動(dong)等

交通(tong)方式:青島(dao)市民(min)可以就近在長途站坐車(che)去(qu)李(li)滄,流水發車(che)。

背(bei)景介紹:青島賞花(hua)(hua)(hua)會是(shi)以(yi)前青島李滄區獨(du)特的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉資(zi)源為(wei)基礎(chu),主要是(shi)賞三花(hua)(hua)(hua),即李村東部(bu)的(de)萬畝桃花(hua)(hua)(hua)、十梅庵的(de)800畝梅花(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)戴家北(bei)山(shan)紅(hong)石壁子的(de)千畝野(ye)杜鵑(juan)花(hua)(hua)(hua),整合其他(ta)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉資(zi)源和(he)文化(hua)(hua)資(zi)源,形成(cheng)集旅游、商貿、群眾(zhong)性文化(hua)(hua)活動為(wei)一體(ti)的(de)文化(hua)(hua)節會。

7、嶗山旅(lv)游文化節

舉(ju)辦時(shi)間(jian):4月(yue)下(xia)旬至6月(yue)上旬

舉辦地點:嶗山

主要活(huo)(huo)動:嶗山(shan)(shan)旅游(you)(you)文化(hua)節以“山(shan)(shan)海情懷、魅力嶗山(shan)(shan)”為主題(ti)。分為節會活(huo)(huo)動、論壇(tan)及研(yan)討會、文化(hua)系列(lie)活(huo)(huo)動、旅游(you)(you)系列(lie)活(huo)(huo)動、經貿系列(lie)活(huo)(huo)動、體育健身系列(lie)活(huo)(huo)動等八大主題(ti)板塊。

交通(tong)方式:市區(qu)居民可以從青(qing)島火車(che)站(zhan)、輪渡碼頭、前海、中山(shan)公園及青(qing)島市政府一帶(dai)去嶗山(shan),可沿香港路(lu)(lu)或東海路(lu)(lu)至石老人,接湛流(liu)干路(lu)(lu)到達嶗山(shan)南麓的門戶沙子口,由沙子口進入山(shan)區(qu)。

背景介紹:由中國國際茶文化研究會、中國茶葉流通協會、山東省茶文化協會、青島市人民政府主辦,青島市嶗山區人民政府承辦的國際茶文化研討會暨嶗山國際茶文化節被譽為“茶屆奧林匹克”。不斷擴大文化影響力,是一個區域具有長久生命力的根本所在。嶗山之美不僅在于她的山、她的海,更在于她幾千年的文化底蘊。文化與旅游相互融合將產生無窮的魅力和巨大的社會價值。旅游文化節將以重點旅游項目為依托,注重鄉村旅游和文化的融合,深入挖掘嶗山旅游文化資源,加強對非物質文化資源的開發和利用,不斷提升旅游的文化品位。更多>>>

青島民俗村

青(qing)島藏(zang)(zang)馬莊民俗(su)村,位于(yu)青(qing)島藏(zang)(zang)馬山國際旅游度(du)假區(qu)(qu),是(shi)(shi)集(ji)民俗(su)表演、手(shou)工作坊、特色小吃、非物質文化(hua)遺產、世紀末(mo)手(shou)工業、酒吧、民宿(su)客棧等為一(yi)(yi)體的(de)民俗(su)旅游項目,是(shi)(shi)山東地區(qu)(qu)以(yi)民俗(su)文化(hua)為主題的(de)人文景區(qu)(qu)。藏(zang)(zang)馬莊民俗(su)村總占(zhan)地面積120畝,一(yi)(yi)期(qi)建(jian)成8500平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),,二期(qi)規劃(hua)1.5萬平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。總投資(zi)1.1億,一(yi)(yi)期(qi)投資(zi)6500萬。

藏馬莊(zhuang)以傳(chuan)統民(min)間市井文(wen)化為敘事(shi)線索,以山東文(wen)化作為園區文(wen)脈,薈萃山東各地特(te)色傳(chuan)統人文(wen)風貌,鋪墊深(shen)厚文(wen)化底蘊(yun)。通過豐富的游(you)樂體驗,展示山東璀(cui)璨文(wen)明。走(zou)進藏馬莊(zhuang),感(gan)受到的是一部凝固(gu)的歷史和流動的畫卷。

藏(zang)馬(ma)(ma)莊(zhuang)以傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)民(min)(min)間市(shi)井文化(hua)(hua)(hua)為敘事線(xian)索,在民(min)(min)俗村內鋪展活(huo)色生香的(de)民(min)(min)間傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)生活(huo)畫卷。“一朝步(bu)入畫卷,一日夢回千年(nian)”。藏(zang)馬(ma)(ma)莊(zhuang)以傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)集市(shi)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)模式薈(hui)萃齊魯風情,打(da)(da)造集民(min)(min)俗表(biao)演、手工作坊、特色小吃、非物質文化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產、世紀(ji)末手工業、酒(jiu)吧、民(min)(min)宿客棧等傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)功(gong)能(neng)綜合體,打(da)(da)造文化(hua)(hua)(hua)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)多元化(hua)(hua)(hua),復合多樣特色的(de)民(min)(min)俗旅游產品。包(bao)攬(lan)山東,尋找歷史長河中傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)民(min)(min)間的(de)“那(nei)些事兒”。

2015年10月1日(ri),藏(zang)馬(ma)莊(zhuang)民俗村開園(yuan)納客。每(mei)年春(chun)節,藏(zang)馬(ma)莊(zhuang)民俗村都會舉行盛大的民俗文化(hua)廟會。

相關閱讀推薦:

青島傳統習俗文化知識大全 約你看茂腔 玩青島夠級 識青島

青島飲食文化特點有哪些 獨具特色的青島飲食文化介紹

青島結婚風俗流程有哪些 青島結婚風俗文化概述

青島特有的節日有哪些 青島著名的傳統節日習俗活動大全

網站提醒和聲明
本站(zhan)為注冊用(yong)戶提(ti)供(gong)信息(xi)存儲空間(jian)服務,非“MAIGOO編輯(ji)上傳提(ti)供(gong)”的文(wen)章/文(wen)字均(jun)是注冊用(yong)戶自主(zhu)發布上傳,不(bu)代表(biao)本站(zhan)觀點,更不(bu)表(biao)示本站(zhan)支持購(gou)買(mai)和(he)交易,本站(zhan)對(dui)網頁中內容的合法性(xing)、準確性(xing)、真(zhen)實(shi)性(xing)、適用(yong)性(xing)、安全(quan)性(xing)等概(gai)不(bu)負(fu)責。版權(quan)歸原作者(zhe)所有(you),如有(you)侵權(quan)、虛假信息(xi)、錯(cuo)誤信息(xi)或任(ren)何(he)問題,請及時聯系我(wo)(wo)們,我(wo)(wo)們將在第一時間(jian)刪除或更正。 申請刪除>> 糾錯>> 投訴侵權>>
提交說明: 快速提交發布>> 查看提交幫助>> 注冊登錄>>
發表評論
您還未登錄,依《網絡安全法》相關要求,請您登錄賬戶后再提交發布信息。點擊登錄>>如您還未注冊,可,感謝您的理解及支持!
最新評論
暫無評論
頁面相關分類
熱門模塊
已有4077944個品牌入駐 更新519018個招商信息 已發布1588321個代理需求 已有1350989條品牌點贊