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【青島文化】青島歷史文化 青島民俗文化 青島風俗習慣

本文章由注冊用戶 壯志凌云 上傳提供 評論 發布 反饋 0
摘要:青島是一座歷史文化名城,中國道教的發祥地,6000年以前,這里已有了人類的生存和繁衍。不同時代的發展成就了今天的青島,隨著青島市的發展,青島市現在還有哪些民俗習慣呢?青島如今還保留了哪些歷史文化習俗呢?下面本文就為大家盤點了青島的一些民俗習慣,一起來了解一下青島都還有哪些民俗習慣吧。

歷史沿革

青島是中國道教的發祥地之一(yi)。新石器時(shi)代,青(qing)島是東夷(yi)人繁(fan)衍生息的主要地區之(zhi)一(yi),遺(yi)留了豐(feng)富多(duo)彩的大汶口(kou)文(wen)化、龍山文(wen)化和(he)岳(yue)石文(wen)化。商周時期,青島是(shi)中國海鹽(yan)的發祥地,位列中國“四大古鹽(yan)區”和(he)“五大古港”。春秋戰國(guo)時期,青島建立了(le)山東地區第二(er)大市鎮—即墨,“即墨故城”(平(ping)度市境內)是中國(guo)現(xian)存最早的古代城池遺址。秦(qin)始(shi)皇統一(yi)中國(guo)后,五巡天下,三登瑯琊(ya)(青(qing)島(dao)黃島(dao)區境內)。據(ju)記載,中國(guo)最早(zao)的一(yi)次涉洋遠航——徐福東渡朝鮮、日(ri)本,就是從(cong)瑯琊(ya)起航的。漢武帝(di)少年時代在(zai)不其(qi)(城陽區境內)做(zuo)過膠東王(wang),是中國有記載的到青島地域巡游次數最(zui)多的皇帝(di)。唐宋(song)時期,青島(dao)作為銜(xian)接南(nan)北(bei)航運的“中(zhong)轉站(zhan)”,成為中(zhong)國北(bei)方沿(yan)海最(zui)重要的交(jiao)通樞紐和貿(mao)易(yi)口岸(an)。宋(song)時專(zhuan)門在板橋鎮(膠州市境內)設“市舶司(si)”管理對外(wai)貿(mao)易(yi)。元朝(chao),為方便海運漕(cao)糧,開鑿(zao)了(le)中國唯一的海運河——縱貫山東半島的膠萊運河。明清(qing)時(shi)期,青島(dao)是中(zhong)國(guo)北(bei)方重要(yao)的海防(fang)要(yao)塞,時(shi)稱膠澳。18916月(yue)14日,清政(zheng)府(fu)在膠澳設防,青島(dao)由此建置(zhi)。18971114日,德國以“巨野教案”為借口侵占青島(dao),青島(dao)淪為殖民(min)地。1914年,第(di)一(yi)次世界大戰爆(bao)發,日(ri)本取代德國占領(ling)青(qing)島。1919年,以收回青島(dao)主權為導(dao)火(huo)索,爆發了“五四運動”,這是中國近、現代歷史的分(fen)水嶺。19221210日,中(zhong)國北洋政(zheng)府收回青(qing)島,辟(pi)為商埠(bu)。19297月,國(guo)民黨政府設青島特別市,1930年改稱(cheng)青島(dao)市。19381月,日本再(zai)次(ci)侵(qin)占青島。1945年(nian)9月,國(guo)民黨政府接管(guan)青島(dao),仍(reng)為特別市。194962日(ri),青島成(cheng)為(wei)華(hua)北(bei)地區最后一座解放的(de)城市(shi),改屬(shu)山(shan)東省轄市(shi)。1981年青島被列為中國15個經濟中心城市之一。1984年青島被列為中國14個沿海開放城市之一。1986年(nian)青島被列為(wei)5個計劃(hua)單(dan)列市之一。1994年青島被列(lie)為全國(guo)15個(ge)副(fu)省級城市之一。2011年青島被(bei)定位(wei)為(wei)山東半島藍色經(jing)濟區核心區的龍頭城(cheng)市。

民俗文化

服飾民俗

服(fu)飾(shi)民俗(su)是(shi)指人們在(zai)服(fu)裝、鞋帽、佩(pei)戴、裝飾(shi)方面的風俗(su)習(xi)慣。服(fu)飾(shi)和飲(yin)食一樣(yang),是(shi)每個人都離不開的。

時代、氣候以至(zhi)人(ren)的(de)地位、職業(ye)、性別(bie)、年齡都對服飾有(you)著直(zhi)接的(de)影響,所以服飾民俗也有(you)著十(shi)分廣泛的(de)內容。人(ren)們為了(le)(le)適應季節變(bian)化,制作出了(le)(le)單(dan)衣、夾衣、棉衣、皮衣等各(ge)類服裝;為了(le)(le)裝飾和(he)(he)美化生(sheng)活,按照不同性別(bie)、年齡,創造了(le)(le)各(ge)個時期不同的(de)發型、首飾和(he)(he)佩戴方式;為了(le)(le)區別(bie)不同的(de)職業(ye)分工,又出現(xian)了(le)(le)樣式各(ge)異的(de)職業(ye)服裝,使(shi)人(ren)們可以明顯地看出穿著者的(de)身份(fen)和(he)(he)職業(ye)。

生活水平的(de)高低對服(fu)飾(shi)(shi)民俗起著舉足輕重的(de)作用。舊(jiu)時(shi),青(qing)島地區(qu)農民大都一年(nian)只有兩套(tao)服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(一套(tao)單衣(yi)(yi)和一套(tao)棉衣(yi)(yi)),還要“新三年(nian),舊(jiu)三年(nian),縫(feng)縫(feng)補補又三年(nian)”,這并不是(shi)為了(le)節儉(jian),而是(shi)貧窮所致。穿(chuan)衣(yi)(yi)只是(shi)為了(le)遮(zhe)蔽身(shen)體、抵御風寒,根本談不上裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)和審美(mei)功能。50年(nian)代以(yi)后(hou)農民開始穿(chuan)針織或細布內(nei)衣(yi)(yi),服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)布料(liao)不斷(duan)更新。改革開放以(yi)后(hou),隨著人們(men)生活水平的(de)提高,各類款(kuan)(kuan)式的(de)服(fu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爭(zheng)奇(qi)斗艷,人們(men)的(de)服(fu)飾(shi)(shi)再不是(shi)單純(chun)為了(le)蔽體御寒,而更多(duo)的(de)則是(shi)為了(le)美(mei)化(hua)生活而從款(kuan)(kuan)式、用料(liao)、色彩等(deng)多(duo)方面(mian)進行選擇和穿(chuan)戴。

帽(mao)子(zi) 辛亥(hai)革命前,男子(zi)多戴瓜皮帽(mao),俗稱“半帽(mao)”或“瓜皮子(zi)”,因(yin)其形狀象(xiang)半個西(xi)瓜而得名。瓜皮帽(mao)是用上(shang)尖(jian)下寬的多塊綢布(bu)做成(cheng),用琉璃蛋或絨(rong)布(bu)結為頂(ding)飾(叫“帽(mao)葫蘆”)。紅色(se)頂(ding)飾為青年人所戴;中老(lao)年戴的頂(ding)飾為藍色(se);家中遇有喪事,則頂(ding)飾用白布(bu)包住。

氈帽(mao),又稱“氈帽(mao)頭(tou)(tou)”,農民和(he)商販(fan)多(duo)在天冷時戴用。帽(mao)分左(zuo)、右、后3塊(kuai),翻上(shang)去(qu)是一圓形帽(mao)頭(tou)(tou),折下來可蓋(gai)住面頰和(he)后頸,多(duo)為褐色。

“老頭樂”是老年人冬季(ji)愛戴(dai)的(de)一(yi)種帽(mao)子(zi),也叫“擼頭帽(mao)”或“滿頭擼”。帽(mao)子(zi)為圓(yuan)筒形,卷(juan)上去是一(yi)軟胎(tai)絨線(xian)帽(mao);擼下來,則臉和后頸全可遮掩,僅露(lu)出雙眼,由于寒(han)效果甚(shen)佳,青(qing)年人也多戴(dai)用。

為防嚴寒,男子出門(men)多戴“耳(er)捂”。耳(er)捂是用(yong)藍黑(hei)綢布(bu)作面料(liao),里(li)絮棉花(hua),邊緣縫上兔毛(mao),中系一繩,掛兩耳(er)上。也有(you)人叫其為“耳(er)套”。

20年(nian)代起(qi),禮帽在民間流行,多(duo)與長(chang)衫(shan)配合穿用。

葦笠為農民(min)和(he)市(shi)販勞動者夏季戴用(yong),呈六角形,由葦篾或(huo)高梁千篾編制而成(cheng),布帶系頦下(xia),用(yong)以遮陽和(he)避雨。城鎮(zhen)男(nan)人夏季則多戴草(cao)辮編的形同禮帽(mao)的草(cao)帽(mao)或(huo)圓頂草(cao)帽(mao)。

中青年(nian)婦女多不戴(dai)帽,有的(de)(de)老年(nian)婦女戴(dai)一(yi)種(zhong)叫頭箍的(de)(de)“箍帽”,是用兩片約6厘米寬的(de)(de)絨布(bu)做(zuo)好后,用兩根小帶箍在(zai)頭上。另一(yi)種(zhong)是用黑色平絨做(zuo)成的(de)(de)軟帽,帽前飾(shi)以綠色琉璃“帽珠”,叫“老婆帽子”。

“虎(hu)頭帽(mao)(mao)”是7歲以下小孩戴的風帽(mao)(mao),前短后長,帽(mao)(mao)頂的兩旁縫(feng)一撮白色兔毛(mao),正中繡一“王”字(zi)。嶗山(shan)民間認(ren)為,山(shan)中野獸很(hen)多(duo),易傷孩子(zi),虎(hu)為獸中王,戴虎(hu)帽(mao)(mao)可消災避難。

建國(guo)后,“干部帽”流行,“鴨(ya)舌帽”卻受人冷落,原因(yin)是(shi)在戲劇電影(ying)以(yi)(yi)至民間秧歌中,扮演特務(wu)者(zhe)都戴這種帽子,所以(yi)(yi)人們(men)都叫它“特務(wu)帽”。

軍帽在(zai)“文(wen)革”初期特別受人(ren)喜愛,一(yi)些(xie)青年人(ren)以戴上一(yi)頂綠(lv)色軍帽而(er)感榮耀。

進入80年代,隨著人(ren)們審美(mei)意識(shi)的(de)增強,帽(mao)(mao)子除(chu)實用功(gong)能外,其裝飾美(mei)化生(sheng)活的(de)功(gong)能日(ri)顯突出,不同(tong)樣(yang)式、不同(tong)色(se)調的(de)單(dan)帽(mao)(mao)、棉(mian)帽(mao)(mao)、草(cao)帽(mao)(mao)等,爭奇斗艷,使(shi)服飾文化更加豐富多彩。

發型 辛(xin)亥(hai)革命后,男子(zi)剪去長辮子(zi),鄉間人(ren)多(duo)剃光頭(tou),俗(su)稱“和尚(shang)頭(tou)”。城鎮人(ren)多(duo)蓄發,發式有平頭(tou)、分(fen)頭(tou)兩(liang)種(zhong),分(fen)頭(tou)又有正分(fen)、偏分(fen)、背(bei)頭(tou)等樣(yang)式。

女子發型是幼(you)年(nian)扎(zha)“髻(ji)”,即在頭(tou)(tou)(tou)部綰雙髻(ji)。長大(da)未婚時梳一長辮,辮稍扎(zha)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)繩,垂背后(hou)。結(jie)婚后(hou)綰一圓髻(ji),套(tao)發網(wang),盤腦后(hou),稱“綰纂(zuan)”。年(nian)老頭(tou)(tou)(tou)發稀疏,纂(zuan)小,稱“鬏(jiu)(jiu)鬏(jiu)(jiu)”。

男童發(fa)型,有的在前額留片發(fa),其余頭發(fa)全部推光,叫(jiao)“瓦瓦檐檐”。

40年(nian)代,中青年(nian)婦女(nv)多剪(jian)短發,俗稱“披毛”。一種額(e)前頭(tou)發隆起的(de)叫做(zuo)“飛機頭(tou)”的(de)發型曾在即墨、嶗山(shan)一帶已婚婦女(nv)中盛行一時。

解(jie)放初期,興梳雙辮,有人認為辮子(zi)越(yue)(yue)長越(yue)(yue)美,最(zui)長者幾可垂地。

70年代(dai),留短發者增多,有的在頭兩(liang)側各梳一(yi)短辮,叫“扎兩(liang)把刷子(zi)”。在腦后(hou)將(jiang)頭發攏起,群眾戲稱(cheng)“鴉鵲尾巴”。

80年代,流(liu)行(xing)燙(tang)(tang)發,初傳到農村時,農婦們曾謔稱為“鴉鵲窩”,如今燙(tang)(tang)發者(zhe)很普遍,發式(shi)越來(lai)越多樣化了(le)。

上(shang)衣(yi)(yi)、下(xia)衣(yi)(yi) 清代,豪門富家男(nan)子(zi)(zi)穿長(chang)(chang)袍馬(ma)(ma)褂。馬(ma)(ma)褂是一(yi)個半(ban)身小罩(zhao)褂,馬(ma)(ma)蹄袖(xiu),穿時袖(xiu)口白(bai)野(ye)子(zi)(zi)翻出。女子(zi)(zi)穿右襟上(shang)衣(yi)(yi),下(xia)系長(chang)(chang)裙或肥褲。一(yi)般人(ren)家,男(nan)女都(dou)穿粗布(bu)短(duan)衣(yi)(yi),俗稱“更(geng)衣(yi)(yi)”,上(shang)衣(yi)(yi)分(fen)單衫(亦叫“小褂”)、夾襖、棉襖3類(lei)。男(nan)上(shang)衣(yi)(yi)為對襟,下(xia)端(duan)左右兩(liang)邊(bian)有兩(liang)個長(chang)(chang)方兜,一(yi)排布(bu)制(zhi)扣子(zi)(zi),稱“子(zi)(zi)母(mu)扣”。女上(shang)衣(yi)(yi)都(dou)逞大襟,大襟從(cong)左到右可把全胸(xiong)裹住。老年人(ren)還喜(xi)歡用約10厘米寬的布(bu)帶扎腿,布(bu)帶稱“腿帶”,多為黑色。

20年(nian)代后,馬褂漸(jian)被淘(tao)汰,但長(chang)袍、長(chang)衫(shan)(亦稱(cheng)“大褂”)仍很流行,是知識(shi)分子、商人、鄉(xiang)紳(shen)們的常用(yong)服(fu)裝。戴(dai)禮帽、穿長(chang)衫(shan)是會親放(fang)友和禮節交往(wang)中(zhong)的最好穿戴(dai)。直(zhi)到50年(nian)代長(chang)衫(shan)才逐漸(jian)淘(tao)汰,如今,說(shuo)唱藝(yi)人在舞臺上(shang)也很少穿用(yong)了。

旗袍也(ye)從20年代起廣為流行。40年代,一種(zhong)仁丹士(shi)林布(bu)的藍色(se)旗袍很受青年學(xue)生(sheng)青睞(lai)。

50年代(dai),男(nan)子穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)中山(shan)服(fu)和(he)學生服(fu)的(de)居(ju)多。冬季(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)棉(mian)大(da)(da)衣(yi)或呢子大(da)(da)衣(yi)(鄉間(jian)人(ren)習慣稱呢子大(da)(da)衣(yi)為(wei)“大(da)(da)氅”),夏季(ji)(ji)興(xing)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)制(zhi)服(fu)短(duan)褲。女(nv)子多穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)列寧(ning)服(fu)和(he)連衣(yi)裙,但流(liu)行時間(jian)不長,冬季(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)一種(zhong)帽子和(he)上衣(yi)連在一起的(de)短(duan)大(da)(da)衣(yi),有棉(mian)、皮(pi)兩種(zhong),分別叫“棉(mian)猴”和(he)“皮(pi)猴”。農(nong)民仍多著(zhu)便衣(yi)褲褂,布料(liao)有所改善,土(tu)布漸汰淘汰,燈芯絨布普遍。春秋衫針(zhen)織品穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)著(zhu)也很廣(guang)泛。

60年代(dai)(dai)到70年代(dai)(dai),化(hua)纖、化(hua)棉(mian)混(hun)紡布暢,補丁衣服(fu)基本絕跡。80年代(dai)(dai),男女穿西服(fu)的(de)增多,各類衣服(fu)顏色也由(you)灰、黃、藍變為五(wu)顏六(liu)色。

90年代,服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)樣式更趨多樣化,人們追求款式、追求新(xin)潮。西服、夾克服、太空服、T恤衫、獵(lie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、裘(qiu)皮(pi)服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)等(deng)絢多彩。老年人服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)也重(zhong)視款式,追求鮮(xian)艷色調。

除常用服裝(zhuang)外,民(min)間(jian)尚有一些服飾為不同(tong)年齡的人專用。

“緊(jin)身”,一種紅色內(nei)衣,布扣密密麻(ma)麻(ma),穿(chuan)時緊(jin)貼上身,為(wei)青年女子婚前必備,婚后也要穿(chuan)一段時間。

“肚兜”,也是青年婦(fu)女的(de)一種(zhong)內衣,正方形,上部成淺半(ban)圓,下角圓形,設布帶(dai)系腰圍間,兜面多(duo)繡石榴(liu)、壽(shou)桃等吉(ji)祥圖案。兒(er)童也在夏季(ji)穿戴。

“*褲”,也(ye)叫“套(tao)褲”,是老年人穿的一種開襠棉褲。臀(tun)部及大(da)腿后上部裸露,穿時(shi)套(tao)在單褲外(wai)。

“百(bai)家(jia)衣(yi)”,亦稱(cheng)“百(bai)納(na)衣(yi)”,由百(bai)十戶(hu)人家(jia)討來的各色花(hua)布做成,為(wei)兒童(tong)穿用,舊俗認為(wei)穿“百(bai)家(jia)衣(yi)”的孩童(tong)好養活。

鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)、襪 布(bu)(bu)鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)在青島民間已流行100余年,因穿(chuan)著舒適輕便,至(zhi)今仍受到人(ren)們特別是老年人(ren)的(de)喜(xi)愛。布(bu)(bu)鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)一般(ban)為(wei)圓頭、圓口、布(bu)(bu)幫、布(bu)(bu)底,做(zuo)時要經(jing)過(guo)搓(cuo)麻繩、納(na)鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)底、做(zuo)鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)幫、绱鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)等(deng)多道工序。舊時,新媳婦過(guo)門(men)前要給婆家每一個人(ren)做(zuo)一雙新鞋(xie)(xie)(xie),婆家以針線(xian)活的(de)好壞(huai),評說(shuo)媳婦的(de)巧拙。如今,機制商品(pin)鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)到處都(dou)有,已很少有人(ren)自(zi)己做(zuo)鞋(xie)(xie)(xie)穿(chuan)了。

30年(nian)代(dai)到(dao)40年(nian)代(dai),繡(xiu)(xiu)花(hua)(hua)鞋在農婦中曾廣為(wei)流行。繡(xiu)(xiu)花(hua)(hua)鞋亦布(bu)(bu)底、布(bu)(bu)幫、圓口,只(zhi)是在鞋頭(tou)、鞋幫處用(yong)絲線繡(xiu)(xiu)上梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)、蘭花(hua)(hua)、荷(he)花(hua)(hua)、菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)等花(hua)(hua)樣,新婚婦女必穿。

過去還有幾種民(min)間自制的、實(shi)用而不(bu)美觀的靴鞋受到(dao)農民(min)的歡迎。

豬皮(pi)靴(俗名(ming)“豬皮(pi)綁”),是用整塊豬皮(pi)縫(feng)制(zhi)的,內裝(zhuang)牛、羊毛(mao),既御寒,又防滑。據傳此靴源于戰國時期,齊國軍師孫臏為保(bao)護被削去髕骨的傷腿,用獸皮(pi)制(zhi)成有史以來(lai)(lai)第一雙(shuang)過(guo)膝皮(pi)靴,供作戰時穿用,齊人盡效仿,流(liu)傳下來(lai)(lai)。

熬皮綁,是用輪胎外(wai)帶作鞋底、簾子布(bu)作鞋面(mian)制(zhi)成的。因結實耐穿、價(jia)格低(di)廉,嶗山(shan)、即墨等山(shan)區農民(min)多穿用。

夫(fu)(fu)子履(lv),是在鞋(xie)(xie)前用較(jiao)硬(ying)皮革做(zuo)成單(dan)條或雙條凸筋(jin),分(fen)別叫(jiao)(jiao)“單(dan)梁夫(fu)(fu)子履(lv)”和(he)“雙梁夫(fu)(fu)子履(lv)”。因其形(xing)如抓(zhua)勾,所以又叫(jiao)(jiao)“抓(zhua)勾鞋(xie)(xie)”。鞋(xie)(xie)的前頭堅硬(ying)結實(shi),踢到(dao)硬(ying)物時可保護(hu)腳趾,平度一帶山民穿用者較(jiao)多。

另有(you)虎頭鞋,為孩童穿用(yong),與(yu)虎頭帽用(yong)意相同(tong),意在消災(zai)。

如今,農民平時(shi)勞(lao)動(dong)多(duo)穿膠鞋,節日和會親訪友(you)時(shi)穿皮鞋。在(zai)城(cheng)鎮,皮鞋、皮靴(xue)、旅游鞋都很流行(xing),款式繁多(duo)。

襪子(zi),從前農民穿布(bu)襪,多用手搖紡車織的“小土布(bu)”做成,耐穿,但(dan)粗糙厚重(zhong)。后來(lai),機(ji)制線襪傳(chuan)入(ru),因(yin)穿著(zhu)舒適,很快流行(xing)開來(lai)。線襪不結(jie)實,易破,破時(shi)用碎(sui)布(bu)補(bu)綴。如(ru)今,人(ren)們(men)普(pu)遍(bian)穿尼龍襪,但(dan)精制線襪也很時(shi)興。

首飾(shi)、佩(pei)戴(dai) 舊時,婦女的(de)(de)飾(shi)物(wu)佩(pei)戴(dai)有(you)耳墜、頭簪、手鐲(zhuo)、項鎖、戒指等多(duo)種。耳墜俗稱“墜子”,平時佩(pei)戴(dai)是一對圓圈形(xing)的(de)(de)小耳環,也叫“圈兒”,節(jie)日和禮儀往來則戴(dai)長墜。有(you)的(de)(de)男

手鐲(zhuo)在(zai)民間也很流行,成年人戴(dai)的(de)(de)(de)為平板(ban)式,飾有花紋。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)戴(dai)的(de)(de)(de)為圓(yuan)形,對(dui)接(jie)處有兩個小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)圓(yuan)豆(dou),以避免損傷(shang)皮(pi)肉。有的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)手鐲(zhuo)上系一對(dui)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鈴鐺,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)搖動小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)手,嘩嘩作響,饒(rao)有情趣(qu)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)還戴(dai)鎖(suo),是鎖(suo)住小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)好養的(de)(de)(de)意思。百家鎖(suo)(也叫“長命鎖(suo)”)是小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)過百日時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)必戴(dai)飾物。

舊(jiu)時,除富(fu)戶、官宦(huan)人家(jia)有金(jin)鐲、金(jin)墜、金(jin)戒指外(wai),一(yi)般人家(jia)的飾物(wu)都是(shi)銀(yin)制的。近(jin)幾年(nian),戴(dai)金(jin)戒指、金(jin)耳環很普(pu)遍,金(jin)項鏈(lian)、金(jin)手鏈(lian)、金(jin)腳鏈(lian)也已進入尋常百(bai)姓家(jia)。

在服(fu)飾民(min)俗中,服(fu)飾的顏色、樣式、制(zhi)作方法都有許多禁忌(ji)。如(ru)子女在服(fu)孝期間不(bu)能(neng)(neng)穿紅、黃(huang)、綠等鮮艷(yan)色彩服(fu)裝,只能(neng)(neng)穿白(bai)、灰、黑(hei)等素色;婚嫁、生育、過年等喜慶日子則(ze)忌(ji)穿白(bai)、有的禁忌(ji)與(yu)諧音有關(guan),如(ru)做壽衣忌(ji)用緞子,“緞”與(yu)“斷”同音,恐(kong)斷子絕孫。

黑(hei)素色(se),結婚時甚至新(xin)郎穿(chuan)的(de)襯衣也不用白(bai)布(bu);衣服(fu)的(de)下(xia)擺忌有毛邊,帶(dai)毛邊的(de)是(shi)喪服(fu),穿(chuan)了不吉利。

在(zai)民(min)間,許多(duo)習俗中都(dou)認為雙數吉利,衣服扣子卻喜單忌雙,說是(shi)“四六不成(cheng)(cheng)才”,雙數會影響穿衣人事業的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)功。

衣(yi)服破了或掉了扣子(zi),忌穿(chuan)在身上縫補(bu)(bu)。如果必須(xu)在身上補(bu)(bu),被(bei)縫者口(kou)中要銜一根(gen)草,說這(zhe)樣針不扎人。

男(nan)人還(huan)忌從晾曬的女人褲(ku)下走(zou)過,說這會(hui)妨礙男(nan)人運氣,實(shi)際上是輕(qing)視婦女的一(yi)種表現。

孩子只在(zai)左耳朵上戴一只小墜子,說是“曳(ye)”著(zhu)好養活。

結婚后的婦女(nv)帶簪(zan),梳頭時插在纂上。簪(zan)一般為平板式,上部微彎,下(xia)部尖細。另有(you)一種針形(xing)簪(zan)子(zi),簪(zan)頭鑲有(you)珠子(zi)或珠花。

飲食民俗

青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俗(su)屬于(yu)我國(guo)北方類(lei)型,受京(jing)津一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)影響(xiang)很(hen)(hen)深。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),雜(za)以(yi)谷子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、高(gao)梁、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)類(lei)(黃(huang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、紅豆(dou)(dou)(dou))、黍(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)五(wu)谷雜(za)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang).副食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)蔬菜(cai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),肉類(lei)、蛋類(lei)過(guo)去是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尋(xun)常(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)辦(ban)喜(xi)(xi)事(shi)和(he)(he)待(dai)客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。 城市和(he)(he)農(nong)村都(dou)通行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)三餐,早晚稱“朝飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,午飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱“晌飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,晚飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱“夜飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。農(nong)村在(zai)(zai)(zai)冬閑時(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)兩(liang)(liang)餐,稱“吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)兩(liang)(liang)頓飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。過(guo)去,農(nong)村朝飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或(huo)(huo)高(gao)梁面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),配以(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)。高(gao)梁面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)統稱“粘粥(zhou)”,也(ye)(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“糊涂”。晌飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)摻(chan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)或(huo)(huo)綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)。夜飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao))。這(zhe)種(zhong)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安排叫(jiao)(jiao)“兩(liang)(liang)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)干(gan)”。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)農(nong)村飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變化較大(da)(da)(da),大(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)尋(xun)常(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)常(chang)便飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),魚(yu)(yu)肉習(xi)(xi)(xi)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)常(chang),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)已(yi)很(hen)(hen)少(shao)(shao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),農(nong)閑時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“兩(liang)(liang)頓飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”也(ye)(ye)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)三餐,然(ran)而早飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)粥(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)無(wu)論(lun)城市還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)村都(dou)沒有(you)(you)(you)改(gai)變。下(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)就(jiu)具體介紹(shao)幾(ji)種(zhong)“美(mei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi):這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)去青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)習(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)叫(jiao)(jiao)“苞米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)帶(dai)(dai)頭同加水(shui)放(fang)(fang)(fang)入鍋(guo)(guo)內(nei)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),有(you)(you)(you)烀餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)菜(cai)餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)。菜(cai)餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)加野(ye)(ye)菜(cai)或(huo)(huo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)菜(cai)葉子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)(guo)蒸(zheng)(zheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)度(du)荒年時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),現(xian)已(yi)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。另外還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)(shao)許白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“發(fa)糕(gao)(gao)”,則(ze)(ze)屬玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)節(jie)日(ri)(ri)中食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就(jiu)咸(xian)(xian)魚(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)醬(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)沿海漁(yu)民中最(zui)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。咸(xian)(xian)魚(yu)(yu)中以(yi)咸(xian)(xian)鲅(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)、咸(xian)(xian)刀魚(yu)(yu)(帶(dai)(dai)魚(yu)(yu))和(he)(he)咸(xian)(xian)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)鱗為(wei)(wei)(wei)最(zui)佳,蝦(xia)醬(jiang)則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)蝦(xia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)醬(jiang)、蟹(xie)醬(jiang)和(he)(he)蝦(xia)頭醬(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對蝦(xia)頭磨(mo)(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)喜(xi)(xi)歡大(da)(da)(da)蔥蘸大(da)(da)(da)醬(jiang)就(jiu)餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),大(da)(da)(da)醬(jiang)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)家(jia)(jia)自己制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),有(you)(you)(you)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣醬(jiang)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)醬(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)),其中用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃(huang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)發(fa)酵做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)豉,摻(chan)以(yi)蘿(luo)卜(bu)(bu)丁、胡蘿(luo)卜(bu)(bu)丁、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)絲(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)鮮(xian)(xian)美(mei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),特別受人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)喜(xi)(xi)愛(ai)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua):學名(ming)甘(gan)薯,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu),特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)墨、萊西、嶗山(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。由(you)于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)產(chan)量高(gao),莖葉是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)喂(wei)牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好飼料,又適于(yu)山(shan)(shan)嶺薄(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)植(zhi),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)廣泛栽種(zhong)。 鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)怕凍(dong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)好儲藏。萊西等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)冬天(tian)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)把地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)屋內(nei)頂(ding)棚(peng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang);即(ji)墨、嶗山(shan)(shan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)則(ze)(ze)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)堆積(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)火(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炕頭,或(huo)(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)屋內(nei)挖地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)窖存放(fang)(fang)(fang)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)可(ke)(ke)(ke)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)到來(lai)(lai)(lai)年春,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)半(ban)年糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang),除鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)煮(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)擦(ca)絲(si)煮(zhu)粥(zhou)外,主(zhu)要地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)切片(pian)(pian)和(he)(he)擦(ca)絲(si)曬(shai)干(gan),分(fen)別叫(jiao)(jiao)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)”、“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)”。將地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)碾碎磨(mo)(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),即(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“豆(dou)(dou)(dou)包”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)太好吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)了(le)“別拿著豆(dou)(dou)(dou)包不(bu)(bu)(bu)當干(gan)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俗(su)語(yu),意(yi)思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別瞧(qiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)只(zhi)能煮(zhu)著吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),由(you)于(yu)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)口,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)很(hen)(hen)少(shao)(shao)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),只(zhi)能做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)飼料了(le)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)單獨和(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)烙餅(bing)或(huo)(huo)烀餅(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)與其他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉(fen)混(hun)合(he)(he)包餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、搟(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)或(huo)(huo)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)其他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)些做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)很(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)(you)特色(se),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)采一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)“筋(jin)骨草(cao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)菜(cai)或(huo)(huo)榆樹皮(pi),搗碎后(hou)和(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混(hun)合(he)(he),搟(xian)(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao),放(fang)(fang)(fang)鍋(guo)(guo)內(nei)箅子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)蒸(zheng)(zheng),鍋(guo)(guo)底(di)煮(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)菜(cai)鹵(lu),熟(shu)(shu)(shu)悉后(hou)將菜(cai)鹵(lu)澆在(zai)(zai)(zai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),這(zhe)種(zhong)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)菜(cai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鍋(guo)(guo)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)給起(qi)(qi)了(le)個(ge)很(hen)(hen)形象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字,叫(jiao)(jiao)“二起(qi)(qi)樓”。還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)“金銀(yin)卷”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)分(fen)3層卷起(qi)(qi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)(guo)蒸(zheng)(zheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。金銀(yin)卷黃(huang)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)、黑三色(se)相間(jian),吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)香里透甜(tian),這(zhe)種(zhong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)也(ye)(ye)很(hen)(hen)盛行(xing)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)以(yi)前是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),所(suo)(suo)以(yi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)花(hua)樣(yang)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)活水(shui)平(ping)提高(gao)了(le),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)歷史,但(dan)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)”仍(reng)深受人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)喜(xi)(xi)愛(ai)。烤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗、炸(zha)(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片(pian)(pian)還(huan)擁有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)批(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛(ai)好者。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(萊西叫(jiao)(jiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)陰(yin)干(gan))是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)冬天(tian)把煮(zhu)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切片(pian)(pian)曬(shai)干(gan)后(hou)密封于(yu)缸、壇(tan)內(nei),到春天(tian)取出(chu)(chu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)醭,味(wei)道(dao)甚佳。炸(zha)(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片(pian)(pian)則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薄(bo)片(pian)(pian),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)(guo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油炸(zha)(zha)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou),撒上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)砂糖,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)香脆可(ke)(ke)(ke)口。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗、炸(zha)(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 片(pian)(pian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)攤和(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)店(dian)里多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)有(you)(you)(you)出(chu)(chu)售。米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)大(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),過(guo)去,大(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)錢人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐桌上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方能見(jian)到,尋(xun)常(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。即(ji)墨等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)把做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“撈干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)加水(shui)煮(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)半(ban)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou),把湯(tang)(tang)(tang)濾(lv)出(chu)(chu)再(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋(guo)(guo)蒸(zheng)(zheng),濾(lv)出(chu)(chu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)汁叫(jiao)(jiao)“飲湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”,這(zhe)樣(yang),飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好后(hou)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)全(quan)有(you)(you)(you)了(le)。這(zhe)種(zhong)既省柴草(cao)又省工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),世(shi)代相傳,直到如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)。 小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)里如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)加上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紅豆(dou)(dou)(dou),或(huo)(huo)綠(lv)(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou),則(ze)(ze)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)更香,味(wei)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相同。有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)還(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)胡米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(高(gao)粱米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))或(huo)(huo)慘(can)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。慘(can)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皮(pi)厚產(chan)量低(di),做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)味(wei)道(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)佳,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)今(jin)(jin)已(yi)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)栽種(zhong)。 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黍(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)“大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)它包上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮(pi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)糕(gao)(gao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)節(jie)日(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):農(nong)家(jia)(jia)常(chang)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、胡休米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)渣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),或(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、胡休面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)熬成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。 小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)營(ying)養豐富,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)婦女(nv)“坐月子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”和(he)(he)伺候老人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、病人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)(shao)許玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)摻(chan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)野(ye)(ye)菜(cai)、再(zai)加點鹽做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)“菜(cai)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)前度(du)荒年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo):也(ye)(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“饅頭”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逢年過(guo)節(jie)、祭祖供神和(he)(he)親(qin)友之(zhi)間(jian)禮儀往來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),花(hua)樣(yang)繁多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。 棗餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)頂(ding)端(duan)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)5個(ge)棗鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),嵌上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紅棗蒸(zheng)(zheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)供品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);磕(ke)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)模(俗(su)稱“餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)磕(ke)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”)磕(ke)出(chu)(chu)蓮(lian)蓬、魚(yu)(yu)、桃、蟬、獅、猴等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)形狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)贈送親(qin)友和(he)(he)節(jie)日(ri)(ri)期間(jian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)重(zhong)要節(jie)慶日(ri)(ri),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)祭海,漁(yu)婦們(men)(men)還(huan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)餑(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)魚(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)、蟹(xie)、貝、花(hua)卉或(huo)(huo)雞、燕等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)動植(zhi)物(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塑,形象(xiang)逼真(zhen),造型美(mei)觀,使人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)樂于(yu)觀賞,不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)心吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)掉。面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao):青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)習(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)叫(jiao)(jiao)“面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”,由(you)農(nong)婦們(men)(men)和(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)搟(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)杖(zhang)搟(xian)(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),按形狀分(fen),有(you)(you)(you)寬面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)、棋(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)塊面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀切成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)菱角型)和(he)(he)細面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),寬面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(也(ye)(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“寬心面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結婚時(shi)(shi)新(xin)郎(lang)新(xin)娘必吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)城鄉婚禮中仍(reng)很(hen)(hen)流行(xing)。按糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)類(lei)分(fen),有(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)百湯(tang)(tang)(tang)、豌豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)、雜(za)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)由(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混(hun)合(he)(he)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))、“三條(tiao)(tiao)腿(tui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”(由(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混(hun)合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)褂成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang),片(pian)(pian)薄(bo)光滑,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)非常(chang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)口。餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi):在(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)農(nong)村叫(jiao)(jiao)“滑扎”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)最(zui)愛(ai)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。過(guo)去,老百姓家(jia)(jia)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)過(guo)節(jie)或(huo)(huo)招待(dai)客人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時(shi)(shi)才包餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)豬肉餡(xian)(xian)(xian)、蘿(luo)卜(bu)(bu)絲(si)蝦(xia)皮(pi)餡(xian)(xian)(xian)、韭菜(cai)餡(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。沿海一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魚(yu)(yu)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)(you)特色(se),其中以(yi)鲅(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)最(zui)佳。青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)市區(qu)至今(jin)(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)谷雨前后(hou)鲅(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市 時(shi)(shi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)向(xiang)老人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)送鲅(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)、讓父母嘗鮮(xian)(xian)鲅(ba)(ba)魚(yu)(yu)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)(xi)(xi)俗(su)。 近年來(lai)(lai)(lai),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)野(ye)(ye)菜(cai)(薺菜(cai))餡(xian)(xian)(xian)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)(hen)得(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)青(qing)(qing)(qing)睞,春季(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些大(da)(da)(da)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)店(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐桌上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)常(chang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)見(jian)到。

居住民俗

居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)(又稱“住(zhu)(zhu)所(suo))是人類抵御(yu)風(feng)寒和(he)休息繁衍的場所(suo),是人們賴以生存的重要條(tiao)件之一(yi)。受生活的地域、環(huan)境條(tiao)件等(deng)影(ying)響,我國各地居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)類型、房屋樣(yang)式都(dou)有所(suo)不(bu)同,居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)俗也多種(zhong)多樣(yang)。

青(qing)島地區農(nong)村房屋(wu)(wu)結構(gou)與(yu)我國(guo)北方地區的房屋(wu)(wu)結構(gou)相似,建(jian)房多(duo)取向陽山坡,講究向陽背陰、依山靠(kao)水(shui)。房屋(wu)(wu)為(wei)土木磚石結構(gou),一(yi)列3至5間,與(yu)左鄰右舍接山連(lian)墻,屋(wu)(wu)頂為(wei)“人”字(zi)型(亦稱“雙流水(shui)型”)。建(jian)有正屋(wu)(wu)、東西廂屋(wu)(wu)或倒屋(wu)(wu),各家自成(cheng)院(yuan)落(luo)。以三合院(yuan)居(ju)多(duo)。

村(cun)莊大小不一,少者幾戶(hu),大的數百(bai)戶(hu),近年又出現了(le)不少千(qian)戶(hu)大村(cun)。

1897年后(hou),德國(guo),日本先后(hou)侵占青島。隨著港口(kou)和市(shi)政的建(jian)(jian)設,大批農民涌入市(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu),當時西鎮一帶建(jian)(jian)起(qi)了(le)10個平民院,臺東(dong)鎮的南(nan)山、仲家洼(wa)等(deng)處也(ye)陸續出現了(le)一些(xie)棚戶區(qu)(qu)(qu)。這些(xie)院區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)房(fang)無規(gui)劃,房(fang)屋低矮陰暗(an),環(huan)(huan)境惡劣(lie),除“人(ren)”字型屋頂外,還出現了(le)許多一面坡房(fang)屋,人(ren)們習慣叫“道士帽”。由(you)于(yu)居(ju)住(zhu)環(huan)(huan)境、條件的改變,一些(xie)千百年來(lai)傳承(cheng)下(xia)來(lai)的居(ju)住(zhu)民俗也(ye)就(jiu)無法延續下(xia)來(lai)。

80年代(dai)起,政(zheng)府推行舊城(cheng)改造工程(cheng),90年代(dai)又實行安居工程(cheng)。現在,平(ping)民(min)院和棚戶區已相細建(jian)成居民(min)小區,樓群林立,環境(jing)優美,人們居住條件大為改善。

在此期間(jian),青島地區農村的(de)老式住(zhu)房也多為美(mei)觀(guan)的(de)住(zhu)宅樓代替。居住(zhu)由單純實用型向(xiang)注重審美(mei)型發(fa)展。一些(xie)現代建筑(zhu)材(cai)料被廣泛采用,不少村莊也出現了(le)樓群。

村莊 青島農村除極(ji)少(shao)數住(zhu)“山庵”的(de)看山人(ren)外,多聚集一起(qi)居住(zhu),因(yin)而構成大小不同的(de)建筑群,稱作“村”、“莊”、“仝”或“屯”。

村里(li)的(de)道路,大的(de)叫“街(jie)”,多為東西向,稱前(qian)街(jie)、后街(jie)。大的(de)村莊街(jie)多,則冠姓(xing)氏(shi)為街(jie)名,如張(zhang)家(jia)街(jie)、王家(jia)街(jie)。

小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)道路(lu)(lu)稱(cheng)“胡同(tong)”,多以姓氏、堂號、村中(zhong)名(ming)人(ren)或樹(shu)(shu)木為名(ming),如(ru)宋家胡同(tong)、福來胡同(tong)、解元胡同(tong)、老槐樹(shu)(shu)胡同(tong)等(deng);很狹窄(zhai)的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)路(lu)(lu)稱(cheng)“夾道”;閑散人(ren)經常聚集閑談的(de)地方稱(cheng)“懶漢(han)子窩”、“老頭窩”。

有些(xie)村(cun)名(ming)很有特色(se),也很有趣,如萊西張(zhang)哥(ge)莊(zhuang)是因為有一個姓張(zhang)的漢子在這里(li)安(an)家(jia)(jia)落戶而得名(ming)。此人(ren)豪爽,樂于助(zhu)人(ren),附近人(ren)尊稱為張(zhang)哥(ge),村(cun)名(ming)也就成了(le)張(zhang)哥(ge)莊(zhuang)。因“哥(ge)”、“格”“戈(ge)”同音(yin),以后就出(chu)現了(le)像周戈(ge)莊(zhuang)、夏(xia)格莊(zhuang)等(deng)村(cun)名(ming)。這種(zhong)以姓氏為名(ming)的村(cun)莊(zhuang)非常(chang)多(duo),有的直接叫“岳家(jia)(jia)”、“趙家(jia)(jia)”,有的則加“屯”、“溝(gou)”、“店(dian)”等(deng)字,叫“梁家(jia)(jia)仝”、“于家(jia)(jia)屯”、“王家(jia)(jia)溝(gou)”、“徐家(jia)(jia)店(dian)”等(deng)。

有的(de)(de)村(cun)是以(yi)建村(cun)人的(de)(de)特征而得(de)名。萊西有個(ge)李胡子(zi)莊(zhuang),是因為清嘉慶年間,一個(ge)叫李克用的(de)(de)人此建村(cun),他胡子(zi)很(hen)長(chang),人稱“李胡子(zi)”,日久,這村(cun)就叫做“李胡子(zi)莊(zhuang)”。后(hou)來,有人感到此名不雅,民(min)國初年該村(cun)名就演化成今天的(de)(de)“李虎莊(zhuang)”。

也有的以建村(cun)人的職業為(wei)村(cun)名。嶗山有個皂戶(hu)村(cun),因為(wei)明(ming)永樂(le)年(nian)間有幾家用灶具燒鹽(yan)戶(hu)來此定(ding)居,宋(song)代稱(cheng)鹽(yan)戶(hu)為(wei)“皂戶(hu)”,這個村(cun)也就(jiu)叫做“皂戶(hu)村(cun)”。

有不少(shao)村莊是以(yi)神(shen)話傳說(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)的(de)名(ming)(ming)稱命名(ming)(ming)的(de)。嶗山(shan)有個女(nv)(nv)姑(gu)山(shan)村,因為(wei)村南(nan)有個“老姑(gu)庵(an)”廟,廟內的(de)主神(shen)人稱“女(nv)(nv)姑(gu)”,傳說(shuo)(shuo)是《封神(shen)榜》中(zhong)趙公明元帥的(de)妹(mei)妹(mei),人們(men)就把村名(ming)(ming)定為(wei)“女(nv)(nv)姑(gu)山(shan)”。登瀛村是傳說(shuo)(shuo)秦人徐福為(wei)取(qu)長生不老藥,由(you)此登程去仙島瀛洲而得名(ming)(ming)。嶗山(shan)石老人村村名(ming)(ming),不但源于一個優(you)美的(de)神(shen)話故事(shi),還因為(wei)村前海邊有一塊狀似老人的(de)巨石。

有的(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)莊以(yi)舊時駐(zhu)軍軍屯(tun)或官屯(tun)為(wei)名(ming),如(ru)(ru)鰲山衛、雄(xiong)崖(ya)所、營上、黃官屯(tun)等(deng);有的(de)(de)以(yi)寺(si)廟、古家為(wei)名(ming),像(xiang)(xiang)廟頭、家子(zi)頭、廟東、石(shi)佛院(yuan)等(deng);有的(de)(de)以(yi)地(di)理環境取村(cun)(cun)名(ming),如(ru)(ru)簸箕嶺(ling),因其地(di)形像(xiang)(xiang)簸箕而得名(ming);還有以(yi)建村(cun)(cun)時當地(di)的(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)木(mu)花草為(wei)名(ming),如(ru)(ru)桃林、棗園(yuan)、柳(liu)樹屯(tun)、榛子(zi)溝等(deng)。

1979年,青島開始(shi)地(di)名(ming)普查,對(dui)重(zhong)復的和(he)不雅的村(cun)(cun)名(ming)進行(xing)了(le)調(diao)整。村(cun)(cun)名(ming)和(he)村(cun)(cun)名(ming)用(yong)字都達到(dao)了(le)標準(zhun)化、規范化。

院(yuan)落 青島民間居(ju)住大(da)都各自(zi)成(cheng)院(yuan),俗稱“天(tian)井(jing)”、“院(yuan)子”。

過去,許多人家都喜(xi)歡(huan)設前(qian)后(hou)兩院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。前(qian)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)面積大(da),是(shi)一家人平日(ri)活動的(de)主要場地,院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)里建(jian)豬圈(quan)、而所,喜(xi)栽(zai)石(shi)榴、月季等花卉樹木。后(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)很(hen)小,用處不大(da),只是(shi)為(wei)了擋(dang)住(zhu)后(hou)窗,認(ren)為(wei)后(hou)窗臨街“不成住(zhu)處”。如今,隨著人們觀念(nian)的(de)轉變,加上土地的(de)寶(bao)貴,已很(hen)少(shao)有(you)人設后(hou)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)了。

院(yuan)子周邊的(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)叫(jiao)“院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”,舊時多用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)壘(lei)成。在臨街墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上(shang),鑲嵌帶(dai)“鼻梁”的(de)石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai),用(yong)(yong)以拴騾馬,叫(jiao)“拴馬石(shi)(shi)”。院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)面(mian)抹石(shi)(shi)灰或(huo)泥(ni),叫(jiao)“打(da)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頭頂。”院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)面(mian)抹成半圓形,叫(jiao)“和尚頭”。如今,院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)多用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)壘(lei)下部(bu),上(shang)面(mian)壘(lei)磚,外面(mian)用(yong)(yong)水泥(ni)抹平;也有的(de)用(yong)(yong)磚或(huo)水泥(ni)砌成幾(ji)何圖案(an),稱做“花墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”。院(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)不得高于屋(wu)檐。

臨街(jie)院墻處留(liu)有大門(men)(men)(men)口,俗稱“街(jie)門(men)(men)(men)”或“街(jie)門(men)(men)(men)口”。街(jie)門(men)(men)(men)多為南(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)或東向(xiang)(xiang),胡同(tong)里(li)也有西(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de),但很(hen)少北向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)。街(jie)門(men)(men)(men)要與對門(men)(men)(men)鄰居(ju)的(de)(de)大門(men)(men)(men)口偏離,叫做“斜(xie)對門(men)(men)(men)”。

大門(men)(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)漆(qi)為(wei)(wei)黑色,老輩有(you)功名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)家(jia)可漆(qi)紅(hong)色。門(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)兩扇(shan),每扇(shan)裝(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)個鐵制的(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)環(huan)(huan),左邊的(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)環(huan)(huan)連著門(men)(men)(men)內“搖關”,“搖關”可轉動,供隨手關門(men)(men)(men)用。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)家(jia)還(huan)在門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)裝(zhuang)有(you)鐵制的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)扣(kou),叫“門(men)(men)(men)劃拉”,用以鎖門(men)(men)(men)。

門(men)(men)上部修(xiu)有(you)(you)門(men)(men)樓,舊時大(da)門(men)(men)和門(men)(men)樓都是財勢的象(xiang)征,富(fu)有(you)(you)人家的門(men)(men)樓修(xiu)四角飛檐(yan),上飾有(you)(you)“龍頭”、“壽狗”等吉祥物,大(da)門(men)(men)高大(da),彩畫裝飾。平常人家的大(da)門(men)(men)、門(men)(men)樓都很簡陋(lou),門(men)(men)樓多用草氈,有(you)(you)的大(da)門(men)(men)沒有(you)(you)門(men)(men)樓,叫(jiao)“土門(men)(men)子”。

大門內大多建有(you)影壁,俗稱(cheng)“照壁”(磚砌屏風(feng)),上(shang)寫“福”字,或繪(hui)有(you)鹿、鶴(he)等圖案,一(yi)求吉慶,二作(zuo)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)。

房(fang)屋(wu) 民間(jian)(jian)(jian)多住平房(fang)。舊時,房(fang)屋(wu)結構(gou)為(wei)起脊,用(yong)梁、柱構(gou)成(cheng)骨架,土墻草頂(ding),木(mu)欞(ling)窗戶(間(jian)(jian)(jian)有石墻瓦頂(ding))。一幢房(fang)屋(wu)3、4、5間(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)套,坐(zuo)北朝(chao)(chao)南(nan)的房(fang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)“正(zheng)(zheng)屋(wu)”,坐(zuo)南(nan)朝(chao)(chao)北的為(wei)“倒屋(wu)”,東(dong)(dong)西兩(liang)側為(wei)“廂(xiang)(xiang)屋(wu)”,分(fen)別叫(jiao)(jiao)“東(dong)(dong)廂(xiang)(xiang)屋(wu)”、“西廂(xiang)(xiang)屋(wu)”。正(zheng)(zheng)屋(wu)中間(jian)(jian)(jian)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)“正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)”,兩(liang)邊分(fen)別叫(jiao)(jiao)“東(dong)(dong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)”、“西間(jian)(jian)(jian)”,再往里(li)叫(jiao)(jiao)“套間(jian)(jian)(jian)”。正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)設鍋灶兩(liang)個,通東(dong)(dong)、西間(jian)(jian)(jian)炕內,供冬(dong)季(ji)熱炕取暖(nuan)。舊時,正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)與東(dong)(dong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)墻壁上(shang)多留(liu)一小(xiao)方洞(dong),叫(jiao)(jiao)“燈窩(wo)”,洞(dong)內可(ke)(ke)(ke)放油燈,這樣一盞(zhan)燈可(ke)(ke)(ke)照明(ming)正(zheng)(zheng)、東(dong)(dong)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang),可(ke)(ke)(ke)節省燈油。也(ye)有的人(ren)把它叫(jiao)(jiao)做“婆(po)婆(po)眼”,說從方洞(dong)中可(ke)(ke)(ke)看到灶間(jian)(jian)(jian)的行動(dong),供婆(po)婆(po)監視媳婦用(yong)。在正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的上(shang)方用(yong)木(mu)板或(huo)高梁秸扎頂(ding)棚(peng)(peng)(peng),也(ye)叫(jiao)(jiao)“天(tian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)”,冬(dong)天(tian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)來(lai)存放地瓜。東(dong)(dong)、西間(jian)(jian)(jian)多用(yong)花(hua)紙貼棚(peng)(peng)(peng)頂(ding),裝(zhuang)飾有蝙蝠、團花(hua)等剪紙,叫(jiao)(jiao)“仰棚(peng)(peng)(peng)”。

人口多的(de)人家,通常長(chang)輩(bei)(bei)住正屋,幼(you)輩(bei)(bei)住廂屋。住一幢房子的(de),長(chang)輩(bei)(bei)住外(wai)間(jian),幼(you)輩(bei)(bei)住里間(jian)(套(tao)間(jian)),長(chang)輩(bei)(bei)住東間(jian),幼(you)輩(bei)(bei)住西間(jian)。

倒(dao)屋一般不住人(ren),普(pu)通人(ren)家(jia)堆放雜物、工(gong)具或柴草,有身份人(ren)家(jia)用作待客,稱“客屋”。

廂房夏熱冬冷(leng),通風(feng)采光又差,所以民間有(you)“東(dong)廂西廂,不孝(xiao)的(de)兒郎(lang)”、“有(you)錢(qian)不住(zhu)東(dong)廂房,冬不暖,夏不涼”的(de)俗諺。富(fu)有(you)人(ren)家的(de)廂房多不住(zhu)人(ren),用(yong)作飼(si)養大牲畜或安石磨(mo)作磨(mo)房。

建房(fang)(青(qing)島人(ren)叫“蓋屋”)是一家人(ren)的大(da)(da)事,舊時(shi),看風(feng)水、擇宅基、安門框、做梁(liang)(liang)椽(chuan)等都要(yao)經過多種儀(yi)(yi)(yi)式(shi)和活動,其中(zhong)要(yao)屬上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)式(shi)最(zui)為熱鬧、隆重(zhong)。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)時(shi)間一塊紅布,叫做“掛(gua)紅”。梁(liang)(liang)檁上(shang)(shang)要(yao)貼上(shang)(shang)“上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)吉”等字樣的橫坡(po),還(huan)要(yao)綁上(shang)(shang)筷(kuai)子(zi),用紅繩系上(shang)(shang)銅(tong)制錢,掛(gua)上(shang)(shang)紅布等飾物,以求吉利。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)時(shi),房(fang)屋四周燃放鞭炮,正間當(dang)中(zhong)安設方桌,擺設供品,點燃紅燭,由建房(fang)人(ren)家的主(zhu)人(ren)跪拜。萊(lai)西一帶在(zai)上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)時(shi),兩位木匠(jiang)、瓦匠(jiang)師傅還(huan)要(yao)邊唱喜歌邊往下扔(reng)一些龍、鳳(feng)、虎、蝶等形狀的小餑餑,逗引(yin)孩子(zi)們哄(hong)搶。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)式(shi)結束(shu)后的當(dang)天,主(zhu)人(ren)要(yao)在(zai)新房(fang)設宴請親朋、工匠(jiang)和幫(bang)工者,酒菜一般(ban)都很(hen)豐(feng)盛。

現在,民間建房(fang)“看(kan)風(feng)水”和(he)“擺供求神”等舊俗多已廢除,但在梁(liang)、檁之上(shang)貼(tie)橫批、堅聯,以(yi)及放鞭炮(pao)等求吉習(xi)俗仍流行。

70年代開始,農村建房由生產大(da)隊(村委會(hui))統(tong)一規劃,街道、房屋(wu)(wu)逐(zhu)步達到布局整齊(qi)劃一,房屋(wu)(wu)也多為磚(zhuan)石(shi)墻、瓦頂、玻璃窗戶。伙房、寢(qin)室、會(hui)客室分別(bie)設置,廂屋(wu)(wu)多為水泥(ni)平頂,用以曬糧食或夏夜乘涼。

80年代后,老(lao)舊草房(fang)基本絕跡,有些(xie)農村已是樓房(fang)連片(pian),農民的(de)居住條件大為(wei)改(gai)善(shan)。

在(zai)居住(zhu)民俗中,也有(you)許多禁忌(ji)(ji)(ji),但多帶有(you)迷信色(se)彩,如(ru)過去(qu)有(you)的(de)地方農歷五月(yue)(yue)忌(ji)(ji)(ji)蓋屋,說五月(yue)(yue)為惡月(yue)(yue),蓋屋家中要死人,顯然沒(mei)有(you)科(ke)學依據;住(zhu)所大門(men)忌(ji)(ji)(ji)沖(chong)著(zhu)山丘,河流(liu)、大道、水井和墳墓,說這樣會遭邪氣和不(bu)(bu)吉(ji)利,若(ruo)無(wu)法避開,則要在(zai)門(men)上(shang)(shang)掛(gua)“八(ba)卦(gua)鏡”破解;宅基不(bu)(bu)能直沖(chong)通(tong)街道,也不(bu)(bu)能面(mian)對(dui)廟宇,如(ru)無(wu)法避開,要在(zai)宅子(zi)外(wai)面(mian)一(yi)角安(an)一(yi)塊小石碑,上(shang)(shang)刻“泰(tai)山石敢(gan)當(dang)”5個字;建房(fang)用的(de)木料,忌(ji)(ji)(ji)用楸木、槐木,因“楸”、“槐”沾著(zhu)“火”、“鬼”二字,恐不(bu)(bu)吉(ji)。

在院內還忌栽(zai)(zai)桑樹、柳樹和楊(yang)(yang)樹,俗(su)稱(cheng)前(qian)不(bu)(bu)栽(zai)(zai)桑,后(hou)不(bu)(bu)栽(zai)(zai)柳,院內不(bu)(bu)栽(zai)(zai)“鬼拍(pai)手(shou)”。因(yin)為“桑”與“喪(sang)”同音,出(chu)門(men)風喪(sang)不(bu)(bu)吉;柳不(bu)(bu)結籽,恐無(wu)子絕后(hou);栽(zai)(zai)“鬼拍(pai)手(shou)”(指楊(yang)(yang)樹)則怕招來(lai)鬼魅,宅室(shi)不(bu)(bu)字。如今,已很(hen)少有人相信有什么鬼魅了,但農民院子內外至今仍不(bu)(bu)栽(zai)(zai)植以上(shang)3種樹木。

禮儀民俗

人(ren)生(sheng)禮(li)(li)儀民(min)俗(su)(su),是指人(ren)的(de)一生(sheng)從誕(dan)生(sheng)到死亡各個階段(duan)的(de)禮(li)(li)節和儀式(shi),包括生(sheng)禮(li)(li)風(feng)俗(su)(su)、婚(hun)禮(li)(li)風(feng)俗(su)(su)、壽(shou)禮(li)(li)風(feng)俗(su)(su)和喪禮(li)(li)風(feng)俗(su)(su),是最復(fu)雜和繁瑣的(de)民(min)俗(su)(su)事象。

在青(qing)島地區,嬰(ying)兒出生后要舉行(xing)“報喜”、“過(guo)(guo)三日(ri)”、搬滿月”、“過(guo)(guo)百歲”等多種(zhong)儀(yi)式(shi),直到一(yi)歲生日(ri)過(guo)(guo)后,生育的各種(zhong)程序方算結束。

在生育民(min)俗中,傳統(tong)的男尊女卑觀念很明(ming)顯,生男稱“大喜(xi)(xi)(xi)”,生女稱“小喜(xi)(xi)(xi)”。女孩(hai)報喜(xi)(xi)(xi)的時間要比男孩(hai)晚3天,關這喜(xi)(xi)(xi)蛋要比男孩(hai)少,禮儀也比男孩(hai)簡單(dan)得多(duo)。

婚禮(li)禮(li)也(ye)(ye)是人生禮(li)儀中的一(yi)個(ge)大禮(li),舊時權勢人家結婚興“六禮(li)”,即納彩、問名(ming)、納吉、納征、請(qing)日(ri)、親迎。尋(xun)常(chang)百姓家禮(li)儀雖從簡,但(dan)也(ye)(ye)要經過說媒、定親(下媒柬)、送日(ri)子、送嫁(jia)妝、迎娶等(deng)多(duo)道程序。

送嫁(jia)妝、迎(ying)娶往往成為有錢人炫(xuan)耀門庭的時(shi)機,大(da)操大(da)辦助長了鋪(pu)張(zhang)浪費風(feng)氣(qi)。

在婚俗中,有(you)不少封(feng)建(jian)迷信(xin)色彩,如合(he)婚批生(sheng)辰八字(zi)、看男(nan)女屬相(xiang)是否相(xiang)克等(deng)(deng)。舊(jiu)時“白馬怕青牛,羊(yang)鼠一旦休;金雞(ji)怕玉犬,雞(ji)猴不到頭”等(deng)(deng)說(shuo)法不知毀掉(diao)了多(duo)少個幸福的婚姻。

建國后,實行(xing)新的(de)婚姻(yin)法(fa),過去的(de)許(xu)多婚姻(yin)陋俗,如指腹婚、娃(wa)娃(wa)親(qin)、童養媳、結陰親(qin)、納妝、一夫(fu)娶二房等已絕跡。但近年來,婚姻(yin)中(zhong)的(de)大(da)操辦之風仍很興盛。

壽(shou)禮(li)是為老年人(ren)慶(qing)壽(shou)的一種儀(yi)式。近年來,青島人(ren)祝(zhu)壽(shou)、過去日習(xi)俗盛行,但禮(li)儀(yi)從(cong)簡。

喪事是(shi)人生的終結,喪禮是(shi)人生的最后一(yi)次(ci)禮儀(yi)。民間對喪禮看得很重,往(wang)往(wang)不惜花費(fei)大量財力、物力來安慰亡靈(ling)。

過去(qu)青島人實行土葬,葬禮程序繁(fan)多。如今,普遍推(tui)行火葬,喪事(shi)從簡。有(you)的將死者骨灰盒埋葬土中,說是“隨土而安”;有(you)的將骨灰撒向(xiang)大海。

節日民俗

歲時(shi)節日民(min)俗(su)(su)是按一年四(si)季的氣候變(bian)化和節氣變(bian)換在民(min)間(jian)形(xing)成的風俗(su)(su)習慣,是我國(guo)民(min)俗(su)(su)中的重要(yao)組成部分。

歲時節(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)民俗(su)中傳承(cheng)著許多(duo)具有民族特色(se)的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)。這(zhe)些節(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)經(jing)過于百年的(de)(de)傳承(cheng)變異,已形成(cheng)了各(ge)自不同的(de)(de)內容與特色(se)。其中有反映生產的(de)(de)農事節(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(立春、谷(gu)雨、石頭節(jie)(jie)等);祭奠祖先、神(shen)(shen)靈的(de)(de)祭祀節(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(中元(yuan)節(jie)(jie)、寒衣節(jie)(jie));追念民族英(ying)雄和名土偉人的(de)(de)紀念節(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(清(qing)明節(jie)(jie)、端午節(jie)(jie));祝賀喜慶(qing)豐收、闔(he)家團圓的(de)(de)慶(qing)賀節(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(春節(jie)(jie)、中秋(qiu)節(jie)(jie));還有屬于游(you)藝娛樂方面的(de)(de)游(you)樂節(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)(元(yuan)宵節(jie)(jie))等。許多(duo)傳統(tong)節(jie)(jie)日(ri)(ri)都伴有一個優美的(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)話傳說故事,如乞巧(qiao)節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“牛郎織女(nv)(nv)”、中秋(qiu)節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“嫦娥奔月”、寒衣節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)“孟姜女(nv)(nv)千里(li)尋夫”等。

如(ru)今,一些(xie)大的全民(min)性的節(jie)日(ri),如(ru)春節(jie)、端(duan)午節(jie)、中秋節(jie)等(deng)(deng)仍很受人重視;一些(xie)小(xiao)的或地域性的節(jie)日(ri),如(ru)五馬日(ri)、人日(ri)、石王(wang)生(sheng)日(ri)等(deng)(deng)已逐漸被人們(men)淡(dan)忘(wang)。

建(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)后,形成(cheng)了不少新興的(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)日,這些節(jie)(jie)(jie)日有的(de)是國(guo)(guo)際(ji)性的(de),部分為我國(guo)(guo)特(te)有,主要有元旦、三八國(guo)(guo)際(ji)勞動婦(fu)女節(jie)(jie)(jie)、五一國(guo)(guo)際(ji)勞動節(jie)(jie)(jie)、五四青(qing)年節(jie)(jie)(jie)、六(liu)一國(guo)(guo)際(ji)兒童節(jie)(jie)(jie)、七一建(jian)(jian)黨日、八一建(jian)(jian)軍節(jie)(jie)(jie)、九月十日教師節(jie)(jie)(jie)、十一國(guo)(guo)慶節(jie)(jie)(jie)等。

民俗節慶

1、青(qing)島蘿(luo)卜會(元宵(xiao)山會)

舉(ju)辦時間:正月(yue)初九(jiu)至(zhi)正月(yue)十五

舉辦地點:云(yun)溪庵

主要活動:開幕(mu)式(shi),蘿卜藝術雕刻大賽,民間(jian)工(gong)藝品制(zhi)作大賽,元宵制(zhi)作展評,閉(bi)幕(mu)式(shi)等。

交(jiao)通方式(shi):在(zai)(zai)市內(nei)乘坐2,5,21,24,305路(lu)車在(zai)(zai)“黃臺(tai)路(lu)”下(xia)車即可。

背景介紹:云溪庵始(shi)建于元(yuan)代,屬道教廟(miao)宇,因出(chu)產(chan)的蘿(luo)(luo)(luo)卜(bu)脆而大(da)著名(ming)。民(min)間有“正月初九吃蘿(luo)(luo)(luo)卜(bu)不牙(ya)疼,可防百病”的說(shuo)法,因而蘿(luo)(luo)(luo)卜(bu)成了廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)上的主要商品(pin),漸漸廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)也就被人(ren)們(men)稱之為“蘿(luo)(luo)(luo)卜(bu)會(hui)(hui)”。現在的蘿(luo)(luo)(luo)卜(bu)會(hui)(hui)人(ren)流如潮,各(ge)類商品(pin)琳瑯(lang)滿目,已成為島城春(chun)節后第一(yi)個有影響的民(min)間節日盛會(hui)(hui)。

2、海云(yun)庵糖球(qiu)會

舉辦時(shi)間:正月(yue)十六(liu)至正月(yue)十八

舉辦地點:海(hai)云庵(an)

主要活(huo)動(dong):茂腔、柳腔、皮影、雜耍、剪(jian)紙、年畫、秧歌大(da)(da)賽、鑼鼓大(da)(da)賽等民間藝(yi)術(shu)活(huo)動(dong),還有大(da)(da)型廣場(chang)文藝(yi)表(biao)演、地方戲專場(chang)演出(chu)、攝影抓拍比賽、書畫現場(chang)表(biao)演、武(wu)術(shu)表(biao)演等。

交通方(fang)式(shi):市內可乘(cheng)坐(zuo)1、5、7、15、32、206、210、319路公交車(che)前往(wang)。

背(bei)景介(jie)紹:海(hai)云庵(an)(an)(an)始建于(yu)明代(dai)。舊時農歷正月十六是該(gai)庵(an)(an)(an)廟會,由(you)于(yu)廟會上賣山楂(zha)糖球的特別多,便稱(cheng)之為“海(hai)云庵(an)(an)(an)糖球會”。1986年青島(dao)恢復了這一民俗(su)節(jie)日(ri),為期3天。

3、田橫祭海節

舉辦時(shi)間(jian):每年(nian)3月(yue)20到3月(yue)22日

舉辦(ban)地點(dian):即墨田橫鎮

主要活動:祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)前一天,打掃龍王廟,擺(bai)香爐、祭(ji)(ji)案,貼(tie)對(dui)聯,扎(zha)松柏龍門。 祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)當天,漁民們(men)以船為單位(wei)在龍王廟前的海(hai)灘(tan)上(shang)(shang)開始(shi)擺(bai)供(gong)。漁民們(men)將要焚(fen)燒的黃裱紙整理好(hao),擺(bai)好(hao)香爐,將上(shang)(shang)千掛(gua)紅彤彤的鞭炮(pao)升上(shang)(shang)高空。

交通方(fang)(fang)式:青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)區居民(min)可以在青(qing)島(dao)四方(fang)(fang)長途汽車站,坐(zuo)從青(qing)島(dao)到即墨(mo)的流(liu)水發車,到站后(hou)直(zhi)接坐(zuo)從即墨(mo)到田(tian)橫的流(liu)水車。

背景介紹:祭(ji)海(hai)(hai)是漁(yu)民(min)(min)在(zai)漫長的(de)(de)(de)耕海(hai)(hai)牧漁(yu)生活中創造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)一種獨具地域(yu)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)漁(yu)家(jia)文(wen)化。每年谷雨前(qian)后,漁(yu)民(min)(min)們在(zai)修船(chuan)、添置漁(yu)具等生產(chan)準備工作就緒后,選個黃道吉日(ri)把漁(yu)網抬上(shang)船(chuan),便開始祭(ji)海(hai)(hai),因此又(you)稱“上(shang)網”。專家(jia)對田橫境內(nei)古文(wen)化遺址考證(zheng),早在(zai)6000年前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)新石器(qi)時(shi)代,先民(min)(min)們就在(zai)田橫區域(yu)靠(kao)漁(yu)獵為(wei)生,繁(fan)衍(yan)生息。當(dang)時(shi)因認識水(shui)平(ping)有限,人(ren)們無(wu)法(fa)解釋大自然的(de)(de)(de)神秘現象,對大海(hai)(hai)懷有深(shen)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)敬(jing)畏心理,出海(hai)(hai)捕(bu)魚時(shi)都要向海(hai)(hai)神祈福(fu)求(qiu)安(an)。明永樂年間,隨著當(dang)地人(ren)口聚集,逐漸(jian)形成(cheng)村落,祭(ji)海(hai)(hai)儀式初(chu)見規模。至民(min)(min)國初(chu)年,田橫祭(ji)海(hai)(hai)形成(cheng)以家(jia)族(zu)或船(chuan)組(zu)為(wei)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)集體(ti)祭(ji)海(hai)(hai)活動。

4、青(qing)島十梅庵梅花(hua)節

舉(ju)辦時間:每年(nian)3月(yue)中旬至4月(yue)上旬

舉辦(ban)地點:青島梅(mei)園

主要活動:梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)節的主要內容有梅(mei)(mei)花(hua),蠟梅(mei)(mei)大、中、小型盆景(jing),露(lu)地景(jing)地(梅(mei)(mei)樹(shu)),梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)、蠟梅(mei)(mei)寫(xie)意(yi)盆景(jing),插花(hua)藝術,攝影展,詩書(shu)畫展等。

交通方(fang)式:乘坐 364路, 在 十梅(mei)庵(an)公園(yuan)站 下車,步行(xing)150米至 梅(mei)園(yuan)

背景介(jie)紹:1999年(nian),在青(qing)島(dao)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)舉(ju)辦了第六(liu)屆(jie)(jie)中(zhong)國(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花蠟梅(mei)(mei)(mei)展(zhan)覽會(hui)、第三屆(jie)(jie)國(guo)際(ji)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)文化學術研(yan)討會(hui)和青(qing)島(dao)市首屆(jie)(jie)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花節,并(bing)被農業部(bu)命名為“中(zhong)國(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花之鄉(xiang)”。 此后,青(qing)島(dao)十(shi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)庵梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花節于每(mei)年(nian)3月中(zhong)旬至4月上(shang)旬在青(qing)島(dao)十(shi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)庵風景區內(nei)的青(qing)島(dao)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)舉(ju)行。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)每(mei)年(nian)還(huan)要邀請無錫園(yuan)林局(ju)、蘇州園(yuan)林局(ju)、武(wu)漢磨山管理局(ju)、山東騰(teng)蛟(jiao)園(yuan)藝場等(deng)兄弟單(dan)位共同(tong)參展(zhan)。每(mei)年(nian)的梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花節,青(qing)島(dao)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)盛況空(kong)前(qian),博大(da)精深的梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花文化吸引游客超(chao)過10萬(wan)人次。

5、膠南杜鵑花會

舉(ju)辦(ban)時間:3月28日——5月31日

舉辦地(di)點(dian):膠南大珠山風景(jing)區

主(zhu)要(yao)活動(dong):四到(dao)五月,珠山上杜(du)鵑開(kai)得正盛,游人主(zhu)要(yao)活動(dong)是登(deng)山賞花。花會(hui)上還設有美食坊(fang),沿途(tu)會(hui)有轉風(feng)車(che)、打地鼠等(deng)真人活動(dong),可(ke)供娛樂。

交通方式:青(qing)島市民可乘(cheng)坐3路、7路公交到達(da)大珠山(shan)汽車南站(zhan),或乘(cheng)坐12路、101到達(da)濱海大道后換乘(cheng)臨時專線公交車至各景區(qu)觀光旅游,也可以(yi)直(zhi)接乘(cheng)坐102路到達(da)珠山(shan)秀谷(gu)。

背(bei)景(jing)介紹:中國瑯琊旅(lv)游文化(hua)節暨(ji)膠南(nan)杜鵑花會,以膠南(nan)歷(li)史文化(hua)為背(bei)景(jing),以瑯琊臺(tai)、靈山灣和萬畝野生杜鵑花等旅(lv)游資源(yuan)為基礎(chu),以提升膠南(nan)城市品(pin)牌為目的(de)(de),通過(guo)策劃豐富(fu)多彩(cai)的(de)(de)主(zhu)題活動(dong),多方位(wei)展現山水(shui)靈韻、和美膠南(nan)的(de)(de)醉人風(feng)光、風(feng)土人情和勃(bo)勃(bo)生機,為廣大游客打造一個舒心、互動(dong)、和諧(xie)的(de)(de)旅(lv)游節慶活動(dong),真(zhen)正實現社(she)會效(xiao)益(yi)、環(huan)境效(xiao)益(yi)、經濟效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)共(gong)贏。

6、青島賞花會

舉辦(ban)時間:4月中(zhong)旬

舉辦地(di)點:青島李滄區(qu)

主要活動:大型主題晚會、國際插花藝(yi)術大賽、登山賞花游、書(shu)畫筆會、大型征文(wen)(wen)比賽、民俗文(wen)(wen)化活動周(zhou)、優惠購物活動等

交通方(fang)式:青島市民可(ke)以就(jiu)近在(zai)長途站坐(zuo)車去李滄(cang),流水發(fa)車。

背(bei)景介(jie)紹(shao):青島賞花(hua)(hua)會是以前青島李滄區獨特的(de)花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)資源為基礎,主(zhu)要是賞三(san)花(hua)(hua),即(ji)李村(cun)東部(bu)的(de)萬(wan)畝(mu)桃花(hua)(hua)、十梅庵的(de)800畝(mu)梅花(hua)(hua)和戴家北山紅石壁子的(de)千畝(mu)野(ye)杜(du)鵑花(hua)(hua),整合其他(ta)花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)資源和文化資源,形成集旅游、商貿、群眾性文化活(huo)動為一體的(de)文化節會。

7、嶗山旅游文化節(jie)

舉辦時間:4月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)至6月(yue)上旬(xun)

舉辦地點:嶗山

主要(yao)活動(dong)(dong):嶗山旅游文(wen)化節以“山海情懷、魅力(li)嶗山”為(wei)主題。分為(wei)節會(hui)活動(dong)(dong)、論壇及研(yan)討會(hui)、文(wen)化系(xi)列(lie)活動(dong)(dong)、旅游系(xi)列(lie)活動(dong)(dong)、經(jing)貿系(xi)列(lie)活動(dong)(dong)、體育健身系(xi)列(lie)活動(dong)(dong)等八大主題板塊。

交通(tong)方式:市(shi)(shi)區居民可(ke)以從(cong)青島火車站、輪渡(du)碼頭(tou)、前(qian)海(hai)(hai)、中(zhong)山公園及青島市(shi)(shi)政府一帶去(qu)嶗山,可(ke)沿香(xiang)港路(lu)或東海(hai)(hai)路(lu)至石老(lao)人,接湛流干(gan)路(lu)到達嶗山南麓(lu)的(de)門(men)戶沙子(zi)口,由沙子(zi)口進入山區。

背景介紹:由中國國際茶文化研究會、中國茶葉流通協會、山東省茶文化協會、青島市人民政府主辦,青島市嶗山區人民政府承辦的國際茶文化研討會暨嶗山國際茶文化節被譽為“茶屆奧林匹克”。不斷擴大文化影響力,是一個區域具有長久生命力的根本所在。嶗山之美不僅在于她的山、她的海,更在于她幾千年的文化底蘊。文化與旅游相互融合將產生無窮的魅力和巨大的社會價值。旅游文化節將以重點旅游項目為依托,注重鄉村旅游和文化的融合,深入挖掘嶗山旅游文化資源,加強對非物質文化資源的開發和利用,不斷提升旅游的文化品位。更多>>>

青島民俗村

青島藏(zang)馬莊民俗(su)(su)(su)村,位(wei)于青島藏(zang)馬山(shan)國際旅(lv)游度假區(qu),是(shi)集民俗(su)(su)(su)表演、手(shou)(shou)工作坊、特色小吃、非(fei)物質文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)、世(shi)紀末(mo)手(shou)(shou)工業、酒吧、民宿客棧等為(wei)一體的民俗(su)(su)(su)旅(lv)游項目,是(shi)山(shan)東地(di)區(qu)以(yi)民俗(su)(su)(su)文(wen)化(hua)為(wei)主題的人(ren)文(wen)景(jing)區(qu)。藏(zang)馬莊民俗(su)(su)(su)村總占地(di)面積120畝,一期(qi)建成(cheng)8500平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),,二期(qi)規劃1.5萬(wan)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。總投資1.1億,一期(qi)投資6500萬(wan)。

藏馬(ma)莊以傳統民間市井文(wen)(wen)化為敘事線索(suo),以山(shan)東文(wen)(wen)化作為園區文(wen)(wen)脈,薈(hui)萃山(shan)東各(ge)地(di)特(te)色傳統人文(wen)(wen)風貌(mao),鋪墊(dian)深(shen)厚文(wen)(wen)化底蘊。通過豐富的游(you)樂體驗,展示(shi)山(shan)東璀(cui)璨(can)文(wen)(wen)明。走(zou)進藏馬(ma)莊,感受到的是一部凝固的歷史和流動的畫卷。

藏馬(ma)莊(zhuang)以傳統民(min)間(jian)市井文(wen)(wen)化為敘事(shi)線索,在民(min)俗村內鋪展(zhan)活色生香的(de)民(min)間(jian)傳統生活畫卷。“一朝步入畫卷,一日夢回千年”。藏馬(ma)莊(zhuang)以傳統集(ji)市文(wen)(wen)化模式薈萃齊魯風情(qing),打(da)造集(ji)民(min)俗表演(yan)、手工作坊、特色小吃、非(fei)物質文(wen)(wen)化遺產、世紀(ji)末手工業、酒吧、民(min)宿客棧等傳統功能綜(zong)合體(ti),打(da)造文(wen)(wen)化功能的(de)多(duo)元化,復合多(duo)樣特色的(de)民(min)俗旅游產品。包攬山東,尋(xun)找歷史長河中傳統民(min)間(jian)的(de)“那些(xie)事(shi)兒(er)”。

2015年10月1日,藏(zang)馬莊(zhuang)民(min)俗(su)村開園納(na)客。每年春節,藏(zang)馬莊(zhuang)民(min)俗(su)村都會(hui)舉行(xing)盛大的民(min)俗(su)文化廟會(hui)。

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