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【青島文化】青島歷史文化 青島民俗文化 青島風俗習慣

本文章由注冊用戶 壯志凌云 上傳提供 評論 發布 反饋 0
摘要:青島是一座歷史文化名城,中國道教的發祥地,6000年以前,這里已有了人類的生存和繁衍。不同時代的發展成就了今天的青島,隨著青島市的發展,青島市現在還有哪些民俗習慣呢?青島如今還保留了哪些歷史文化習俗呢?下面本文就為大家盤點了青島的一些民俗習慣,一起來了解一下青島都還有哪些民俗習慣吧。

歷史沿革

青島是中(zhong)國道教的發祥地之(zhi)一。新石器時代(dai),青島(dao)是東(dong)夷人(ren)繁(fan)衍生(sheng)息的主要地(di)區之一,遺留了(le)豐富多彩的大汶口文化、龍山文化和岳石文化。商周時期(qi),青島(dao)是中國(guo)海鹽(yan)的(de)發祥地,位列中國(guo)“四大(da)古鹽(yan)區”和“五(wu)大(da)古港”。春秋戰(zhan)國時期(qi),青島(dao)建立了山(shan)東地區第二大(da)市鎮—即(ji)(ji)墨,“即(ji)(ji)墨故城”(平度市境內)是中(zhong)國現存最早(zao)的古代城池遺(yi)址。秦始皇統一中國后,五(wu)巡天下,三登瑯(lang)琊(青島黃島區境(jing)內)。據記載,中國最早的(de)一次涉洋遠航——徐(xu)福(fu)東(dong)渡朝(chao)鮮(xian)、日(ri)本,就是從(cong)瑯(lang)琊起航的(de)。漢(han)武帝(di)少(shao)年時代在不其(城陽區境內(nei))做過(guo)膠東王,是(shi)中(zhong)國有(you)記載的(de)到(dao)青島地域巡游次數(shu)最多的(de)皇(huang)帝(di)。唐(tang)宋時期,青島(dao)作(zuo)為銜接南北(bei)航運的(de)“中轉(zhuan)站(zhan)”,成(cheng)為中國北(bei)方沿(yan)海(hai)最重要的(de)交通樞紐和(he)貿易(yi)口岸。宋時專門在板(ban)橋鎮(zhen)(膠州市境內)設“市舶司”管理對(dui)外貿易(yi)。元朝(chao),為(wei)方便海運漕糧,開(kai)鑿了(le)中國唯(wei)一的海運河——縱(zong)貫山(shan)東半島的膠萊(lai)運河。明清(qing)時期,青島(dao)是中國北方(fang)重要的海防要塞,時稱(cheng)膠澳。1891614日,清(qing)政府在膠澳設防,青島(dao)由(you)此建置。18971114日,德(de)國以“巨野教案”為借(jie)口(kou)侵占青島(dao),青島(dao)淪為殖民地。1914年,第(di)一次世(shi)界大戰爆(bao)發,日本取(qu)代德國占領青島。1919年,以收回青島主權為導火索,爆發了(le)“五四運動”,這(zhe)是中(zhong)國近、現代歷史的分(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling)。19221210日(ri),中(zhong)國北洋政府收回青島,辟為商埠。19297月(yue),國民黨政府設青島特別市,1930年改稱青島市。19381月,日本再次侵占青島。19459月,國民黨政府(fu)接(jie)管青島,仍為特別市。1949年(nian)62日,青島(dao)成為華北地區最后一座解放(fang)的城市(shi),改(gai)屬山東省轄市(shi)。1981年青(qing)島被列(lie)為(wei)中國15個經濟中心城市之一(yi)。1984年青島被(bei)列為中國14個沿(yan)海開放城市之一(yi)。1986年(nian)青島被列為5個計(ji)劃單列市之一。1994年青島被列為全(quan)國15個副省(sheng)級城市之一。2011年青島被定位為(wei)山東半島藍(lan)色(se)經濟區(qu)核心區(qu)的龍頭城市。

民俗文化

服飾民俗

服(fu)飾(shi)民(min)俗是指人(ren)們在服(fu)裝、鞋帽、佩戴、裝飾(shi)方面(mian)的風俗習慣。服(fu)飾(shi)和飲食一(yi)樣,是每個人(ren)都離不(bu)開的。

時代、氣(qi)候以(yi)至人的(de)地位、職業、性別、年齡(ling)都對服(fu)(fu)飾有著(zhu)直(zhi)接(jie)的(de)影響,所以(yi)服(fu)(fu)飾民俗也有著(zhu)十分(fen)廣泛的(de)內(nei)容。人們為了(le)適應(ying)季(ji)節變化(hua),制(zhi)作出(chu)了(le)單衣(yi)(yi)、夾衣(yi)(yi)、棉衣(yi)(yi)、皮衣(yi)(yi)等各類(lei)服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang);為了(le)裝(zhuang)飾和美化(hua)生活,按照不同性別、年齡(ling),創造(zao)了(le)各個(ge)時期不同的(de)發型、首飾和佩戴(dai)方式(shi);為了(le)區別不同的(de)職業分(fen)工,又出(chu)現(xian)了(le)樣式(shi)各異的(de)職業服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang),使(shi)人們可以(yi)明顯地看出(chu)穿著(zhu)者的(de)身份和職業。

生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)水平的(de)高低對服(fu)(fu)飾民俗起著舉足輕重的(de)作用(yong)。舊(jiu)時,青(qing)島地區農民大都一年只有(you)兩套服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)(一套單衣和(he)(he)一套棉衣),還(huan)要(yao)“新三(san)年,舊(jiu)三(san)年,縫縫補補又三(san)年”,這(zhe)并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)為了節儉,而是(shi)貧窮所致。穿(chuan)衣只是(shi)為了遮蔽身(shen)體、抵御(yu)風寒,根本談不(bu)上裝(zhuang)飾和(he)(he)審(shen)美(mei)功(gong)能。50年代以后(hou)農民開始穿(chuan)針織(zhi)或(huo)細布內衣,服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)布料不(bu)斷(duan)更新。改革開放以后(hou),隨(sui)著人們生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)水平的(de)提(ti)高,各類款式的(de)服(fu)(fu)裝(zhuang)爭奇斗(dou)艷,人們的(de)服(fu)(fu)飾再不(bu)是(shi)單純(chun)為了蔽體御(yu)寒,而更多的(de)則(ze)是(shi)為了美(mei)化生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)而從款式、用(yong)料、色彩等多方面進行選擇和(he)(he)穿(chuan)戴(dai)。

帽(mao)子(zi) 辛亥革(ge)命前,男子(zi)多戴(dai)瓜(gua)皮(pi)帽(mao),俗稱“半帽(mao)”或“瓜(gua)皮(pi)子(zi)”,因其形(xing)狀象(xiang)半個西瓜(gua)而得(de)名。瓜(gua)皮(pi)帽(mao)是用上尖下寬的多塊(kuai)綢(chou)布做成,用琉璃蛋或絨布結為頂(ding)飾(shi)(叫“帽(mao)葫(hu)蘆”)。紅色(se)頂(ding)飾(shi)為青年(nian)人所(suo)戴(dai);中老(lao)年(nian)戴(dai)的頂(ding)飾(shi)為藍色(se);家(jia)中遇有喪事,則頂(ding)飾(shi)用白布包住(zhu)。

氈(zhan)帽,又稱“氈(zhan)帽頭”,農民和(he)商販多在天冷時戴用(yong)。帽分左(zuo)、右、后(hou)3塊,翻上(shang)去是一(yi)圓(yuan)形帽頭,折下來可蓋住面頰和(he)后(hou)頸,多為褐色。

“老(lao)頭樂”是(shi)老(lao)年(nian)人冬季愛戴(dai)的一種帽(mao)子,也叫(jiao)“擼(lu)頭帽(mao)”或(huo)“滿頭擼(lu)”。帽(mao)子為(wei)圓筒形,卷上去(qu)是(shi)一軟(ruan)胎(tai)絨線帽(mao);擼(lu)下來(lai),則臉和后頸(jing)全可遮(zhe)掩(yan),僅(jin)露出雙眼(yan),由于寒效果(guo)甚(shen)佳,青年(nian)人也多(duo)戴(dai)用。

為防嚴寒,男子出門多戴“耳(er)捂”。耳(er)捂是用藍黑綢布(bu)作面料(liao),里絮棉花(hua),邊緣縫上(shang)兔毛,中系一繩,掛兩耳(er)上(shang)。也有(you)人(ren)叫其為“耳(er)套”。

20年代起(qi),禮帽在(zai)民間流行,多與長衫配(pei)合穿用。

葦(wei)笠為農民和(he)市(shi)販勞(lao)動者(zhe)夏(xia)季(ji)戴(dai)(dai)用,呈六角(jiao)形(xing),由(you)葦(wei)篾或(huo)高梁千篾編制(zhi)而(er)成,布帶系頦下(xia),用以遮陽和(he)避雨。城鎮(zhen)男人夏(xia)季(ji)則多戴(dai)(dai)草辮(bian)編的(de)形(xing)同(tong)禮帽的(de)草帽或(huo)圓頂草帽。

中(zhong)青年婦(fu)女多(duo)不戴(dai)(dai)帽(mao)(mao),有的(de)老(lao)年婦(fu)女戴(dai)(dai)一種叫頭箍的(de)“箍帽(mao)(mao)”,是用兩(liang)片約6厘米寬的(de)絨布做好后,用兩(liang)根小帶箍在頭上。另一種是用黑(hei)色平(ping)絨做成的(de)軟帽(mao)(mao),帽(mao)(mao)前飾以綠色琉(liu)璃“帽(mao)(mao)珠”,叫“老(lao)婆帽(mao)(mao)子”。

“虎(hu)頭帽(mao)(mao)”是7歲以下小孩戴的風帽(mao)(mao),前短后長,帽(mao)(mao)頂的兩旁(pang)縫一撮白色兔毛,正中(zhong)繡一“王(wang)”字(zi)。嶗山民間認為,山中(zhong)野獸很多,易傷孩子,虎(hu)為獸中(zhong)王(wang),戴虎(hu)帽(mao)(mao)可消災避難。

建國后,“干部帽(mao)(mao)”流行(xing),“鴨舌帽(mao)(mao)”卻受人冷落,原因是在戲劇電影以(yi)(yi)至民間秧歌中(zhong),扮(ban)演特務(wu)者都(dou)戴(dai)這種(zhong)帽(mao)(mao)子,所以(yi)(yi)人們都(dou)叫它“特務(wu)帽(mao)(mao)”。

軍帽(mao)(mao)在“文革”初期特別受人喜愛,一些青年人以戴上一頂綠色(se)軍帽(mao)(mao)而感榮耀(yao)。

進入80年代,隨著人們審美意(yi)識的增強(qiang),帽(mao)(mao)子(zi)除實用功(gong)能(neng)(neng)外,其裝飾(shi)美化生活的功(gong)能(neng)(neng)日顯突出(chu),不同樣(yang)式(shi)、不同色調的單(dan)帽(mao)(mao)、棉(mian)帽(mao)(mao)、草帽(mao)(mao)等,爭(zheng)奇斗艷(yan),使服(fu)飾(shi)文(wen)化更(geng)加(jia)豐富多彩。

發型 辛(xin)亥革(ge)命后,男子(zi)剪去長辮(bian)子(zi),鄉間人多(duo)剃光(guang)頭,俗稱“和尚(shang)頭”。城鎮人多(duo)蓄發,發式(shi)有平頭、分(fen)頭兩種,分(fen)頭又有正(zheng)分(fen)、偏分(fen)、背頭等(deng)樣式(shi)。

女子發型是幼年扎(zha)(zha)“髻”,即在頭部綰雙髻。長大未婚時梳一(yi)長辮(bian),辮(bian)稍扎(zha)(zha)頭繩,垂背后。結婚后綰一(yi)圓髻,套發網,盤腦(nao)后,稱(cheng)“綰纂”。年老頭發稀疏,纂小,稱(cheng)“鬏(jiu)鬏(jiu)”。

男(nan)童發(fa)型,有(you)的在前(qian)額(e)留片發(fa),其余頭發(fa)全部推光,叫“瓦瓦檐(yan)檐(yan)”。

40年代(dai),中青年婦女(nv)多剪短發,俗(su)稱(cheng)“披(pi)毛”。一種額前頭發隆起的(de)叫做“飛機頭”的(de)發型曾(ceng)在即墨(mo)、嶗(lao)山一帶已婚婦女(nv)中盛(sheng)行一時。

解放初(chu)期,興梳雙辮(bian),有人(ren)認為辮(bian)子越(yue)長越(yue)美,最長者幾可(ke)垂地。

70年代,留(liu)短發者增多,有(you)的在頭兩側各(ge)梳一(yi)短辮,叫(jiao)“扎兩把刷子(zi)”。在腦后將頭發攏起,群眾戲(xi)稱“鴉鵲(que)尾巴”。

80年代,流行燙發,初傳到農村時,農婦們曾(ceng)謔(nve)稱為“鴉(ya)鵲窩”,如(ru)今(jin)燙發者很普遍,發式越來(lai)越多(duo)樣(yang)化了。

上(shang)衣(yi)、下衣(yi) 清代,豪(hao)門富(fu)家(jia)男(nan)子穿長(chang)袍馬褂。馬褂是一個(ge)半身小罩褂,馬蹄袖,穿時(shi)袖口白野(ye)子翻出。女子穿右(you)襟上(shang)衣(yi),下系長(chang)裙或(huo)肥褲。一般人(ren)家(jia),男(nan)女都(dou)穿粗布短衣(yi),俗稱(cheng)“更(geng)衣(yi)”,上(shang)衣(yi)分單衫(亦(yi)叫“小褂”)、夾襖、棉襖3類。男(nan)上(shang)衣(yi)為(wei)對(dui)襟,下端左(zuo)右(you)兩邊(bian)有兩個(ge)長(chang)方(fang)兜,一排布制扣子,稱(cheng)“子母(mu)扣”。女上(shang)衣(yi)都(dou)逞大襟,大襟從左(zuo)到(dao)右(you)可(ke)把全胸裹住。老年人(ren)還喜歡用約10厘米寬的布帶(dai)扎腿(tui),布帶(dai)稱(cheng)“腿(tui)帶(dai)”,多為(wei)黑(hei)色。

20年代(dai)后,馬(ma)褂(gua)漸(jian)被(bei)淘(tao)汰(tai),但長(chang)(chang)袍、長(chang)(chang)衫(亦稱“大褂(gua)”)仍(reng)很(hen)流行,是(shi)知(zhi)識(shi)分子(zi)、商人、鄉紳們的常用服裝(zhuang)。戴(dai)禮帽(mao)、穿(chuan)長(chang)(chang)衫是(shi)會親放友和禮節交往(wang)中(zhong)的最好穿(chuan)戴(dai)。直到50年代(dai)長(chang)(chang)衫才逐漸(jian)淘(tao)汰(tai),如今,說(shuo)唱藝人在舞臺上也很(hen)少穿(chuan)用了。

旗(qi)袍也從20年代(dai)起廣為流行(xing)。40年代(dai),一種仁(ren)丹士林布的藍色(se)旗(qi)袍很受(shou)青年學生青睞。

50年代,男子(zi)(zi)穿(chuan)(chuan)中山服和學生服的居(ju)多。冬季穿(chuan)(chuan)棉(mian)大(da)衣(yi)或(huo)呢子(zi)(zi)大(da)衣(yi)(鄉間人習(xi)慣稱呢子(zi)(zi)大(da)衣(yi)為(wei)“大(da)氅”),夏(xia)季興(xing)穿(chuan)(chuan)制(zhi)服短(duan)褲。女(nv)子(zi)(zi)多穿(chuan)(chuan)列寧服和連(lian)衣(yi)裙,但(dan)流(liu)行時間不長,冬季穿(chuan)(chuan)一種帽子(zi)(zi)和上衣(yi)連(lian)在一起的短(duan)大(da)衣(yi),有(you)棉(mian)、皮(pi)兩種,分別叫“棉(mian)猴”和“皮(pi)猴”。農民仍多著便衣(yi)褲褂,布料有(you)所改善,土布漸汰淘汰,燈芯(xin)絨布普遍。春秋衫針織(zhi)品穿(chuan)(chuan)著也很廣泛。

60年代到70年代,化纖、化棉混紡布暢,補丁衣服基本絕跡。80年代,男(nan)女穿西服的增多,各類(lei)衣服顏色也由灰、黃、藍(lan)變為(wei)五顏六色。

90年代,服(fu)裝(zhuang)樣式更趨多(duo)樣化(hua),人們追(zhui)求(qiu)(qiu)款式、追(zhui)求(qiu)(qiu)新潮。西服(fu)、夾克(ke)服(fu)、太空服(fu)、T恤(xu)衫(shan)、獵裝(zhuang)、裘皮服(fu)裝(zhuang)等絢(xuan)多(duo)彩。老年人服(fu)裝(zhuang)也重視款式,追(zhui)求(qiu)(qiu)鮮艷色調。

除(chu)常(chang)用(yong)服裝外(wai),民(min)間尚(shang)有一些服飾為(wei)不同年齡的人(ren)專用(yong)。

“緊身”,一種紅色(se)內衣,布扣密密麻麻,穿時(shi)緊貼上(shang)身,為青(qing)年女子婚(hun)前(qian)必備,婚(hun)后也要穿一段時(shi)間(jian)。

“肚兜”,也是青年婦女的一(yi)種內衣,正方形,上部成淺半圓,下(xia)角(jiao)圓形,設布帶系腰圍間,兜面多繡石榴、壽(shou)桃等吉祥(xiang)圖案。兒童也在夏(xia)季穿戴。

“*褲(ku)(ku)”,也叫(jiao)“套(tao)褲(ku)(ku)”,是老年人穿的一種開襠棉褲(ku)(ku)。臀部及大腿后上(shang)部裸(luo)露,穿時(shi)套(tao)在單褲(ku)(ku)外。

“百家衣(yi)”,亦(yi)稱(cheng)“百納衣(yi)”,由百十戶人(ren)家討來的(de)各色花布做成,為(wei)兒童(tong)穿用,舊俗認(ren)為(wei)穿“百家衣(yi)”的(de)孩童(tong)好養(yang)活。

鞋(xie)(xie)、襪 布鞋(xie)(xie)在(zai)青島(dao)民間已(yi)(yi)流行(xing)100余年,因穿著舒(shu)適輕便(bian),至(zhi)今仍受(shou)到(dao)(dao)人(ren)們特別是老年人(ren)的喜愛。布鞋(xie)(xie)一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)圓頭(tou)、圓口、布幫(bang)、布底,做時(shi)(shi)要經過(guo)搓(cuo)麻繩、納鞋(xie)(xie)底、做鞋(xie)(xie)幫(bang)、绱鞋(xie)(xie)等多道(dao)工序。舊時(shi)(shi),新(xin)媳婦(fu)過(guo)門前要給婆家(jia)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)個人(ren)做一(yi)(yi)雙新(xin)鞋(xie)(xie),婆家(jia)以針線活的好壞,評說媳婦(fu)的巧拙。如今,機制(zhi)商品(pin)鞋(xie)(xie)到(dao)(dao)處都有(you),已(yi)(yi)很少有(you)人(ren)自己做鞋(xie)(xie)穿了。

30年代(dai)到(dao)40年代(dai),繡花(hua)鞋(xie)在(zai)(zai)農婦中曾廣為流行。繡花(hua)鞋(xie)亦布底、布幫、圓(yuan)口,只是(shi)在(zai)(zai)鞋(xie)頭、鞋(xie)幫處用絲(si)線(xian)繡上(shang)梅(mei)花(hua)、蘭花(hua)、荷花(hua)、菊花(hua)等花(hua)樣,新(xin)婚婦女必(bi)穿。

過去還有(you)幾種民(min)間自制的、實用而不美(mei)觀的靴鞋受到農民(min)的歡迎。

豬(zhu)皮(pi)靴(俗名“豬(zhu)皮(pi)綁”),是用整(zheng)塊豬(zhu)皮(pi)縫(feng)制的,內裝牛、羊毛,既御(yu)寒(han),又(you)防滑(hua)。據傳此靴源(yuan)于戰(zhan)(zhan)國時(shi)期,齊國軍(jun)師孫臏為保(bao)護被削去(qu)髕骨的傷腿,用獸皮(pi)制成有史以來(lai)(lai)第(di)一雙(shuang)過膝皮(pi)靴,供作戰(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)穿用,齊人盡效仿,流傳下(xia)來(lai)(lai)。

熬皮綁,是用(yong)輪胎(tai)外帶作鞋底、簾子布(bu)作鞋面制成的(de)。因結實耐穿(chuan)、價格低廉(lian),嶗山、即墨等山區(qu)農民(min)多穿(chuan)用(yong)。

夫子履(lv),是在(zai)鞋(xie)前用較硬(ying)皮(pi)革做成單條或雙條凸筋,分別叫“單梁夫子履(lv)”和“雙梁夫子履(lv)”。因(yin)其(qi)形(xing)如抓勾,所(suo)以又叫“抓勾鞋(xie)”。鞋(xie)的前頭堅硬(ying)結實,踢到(dao)硬(ying)物時可保護腳(jiao)趾(zhi),平度(du)一帶山民穿用者(zhe)較多。

另有虎(hu)頭鞋(xie),為孩童穿用(yong),與(yu)虎(hu)頭帽用(yong)意相同(tong),意在消災(zai)。

如今(jin),農民(min)平時勞動(dong)多(duo)穿膠鞋(xie),節日(ri)和會(hui)親(qin)訪友時穿皮(pi)鞋(xie)。在城(cheng)鎮(zhen),皮(pi)鞋(xie)、皮(pi)靴、旅游鞋(xie)都(dou)很(hen)流行,款(kuan)式繁多(duo)。

襪(wa)(wa)子,從前農民穿布襪(wa)(wa),多用手搖紡(fang)車織的“小土布”做成,耐(nai)穿,但粗糙厚(hou)重(zhong)。后來(lai)(lai),機制線襪(wa)(wa)傳入,因(yin)穿著舒適,很(hen)(hen)快流(liu)行開來(lai)(lai)。線襪(wa)(wa)不結(jie)實(shi),易破(po)(po),破(po)(po)時(shi)用碎布補綴。如今,人們普遍穿尼龍襪(wa)(wa),但精制線襪(wa)(wa)也很(hen)(hen)時(shi)興。

首飾、佩戴 舊(jiu)時(shi)(shi),婦女的(de)飾物佩戴有(you)耳墜(zhui)、頭簪、手鐲、項鎖、戒指等多(duo)種(zhong)。耳墜(zhui)俗稱“墜(zhui)子”,平時(shi)(shi)佩戴是一對圓圈形的(de)小耳環,也(ye)叫“圈兒”,節(jie)日和禮儀往來則(ze)戴長(chang)墜(zhui)。有(you)的(de)男(nan)

手鐲在民間也很流行,成年人戴的(de)為平板(ban)式,飾有(you)花紋(wen)。小孩(hai)(hai)戴的(de)為圓形,對接處有(you)兩個(ge)小圓豆,以避免(mian)損傷(shang)皮肉。有(you)的(de)在手鐲上(shang)系一對小鈴鐺,小孩(hai)(hai)搖動(dong)小手,嘩(hua)嘩(hua)作響,饒有(you)情趣。小孩(hai)(hai)還戴鎖,是(shi)鎖住小孩(hai)(hai)好(hao)養(yang)的(de)意思。百(bai)家(jia)鎖(也叫“長(chang)命鎖”)是(shi)小孩(hai)(hai)過百(bai)日(ri)時的(de)必戴飾物。

舊時,除富戶、官(guan)宦人(ren)家(jia)有金(jin)(jin)鐲、金(jin)(jin)墜、金(jin)(jin)戒(jie)指外,一般(ban)人(ren)家(jia)的(de)飾(shi)物都(dou)是銀制的(de)。近幾年,戴金(jin)(jin)戒(jie)指、金(jin)(jin)耳環很普遍,金(jin)(jin)項鏈、金(jin)(jin)手(shou)鏈、金(jin)(jin)腳鏈也已進入尋常百姓家(jia)。

在服(fu)飾民俗中,服(fu)飾的(de)顏色(se)、樣(yang)式(shi)、制作方(fang)法(fa)都有(you)許多(duo)禁忌。如子女在服(fu)孝期間不能穿紅(hong)、黃、綠等(deng)鮮艷色(se)彩服(fu)裝,只能穿白、灰、黑等(deng)素色(se);婚嫁、生育、過年等(deng)喜慶日子則忌穿白、有(you)的(de)禁忌與諧音有(you)關,如做壽(shou)衣(yi)忌用緞子,“緞”與“斷”同(tong)音,恐斷子絕(jue)孫(sun)。

黑素(su)色,結婚時甚(shen)至(zhi)新(xin)郎穿的(de)(de)襯(chen)衣(yi)也不用(yong)白布;衣(yi)服的(de)(de)下(xia)擺忌有毛邊,帶毛邊的(de)(de)是喪(sang)服,穿了不吉(ji)利。

在(zai)民間,許多習俗中都(dou)認為雙數(shu)吉利,衣服扣子卻喜單忌雙,說是“四六(liu)不成(cheng)才”,雙數(shu)會影響穿衣人事業的成(cheng)功(gong)。

衣(yi)服破(po)了或掉了扣子(zi),忌穿在身(shen)(shen)上(shang)縫(feng)補。如果(guo)必須在身(shen)(shen)上(shang)補,被縫(feng)者口中要銜一(yi)根草,說這樣針不扎人。

男人(ren)還忌從(cong)晾曬(shai)的(de)女(nv)人(ren)褲下走過(guo),說這會妨礙男人(ren)運(yun)氣,實際上是輕視婦(fu)女(nv)的(de)一種表(biao)現。

孩子(zi)只在左耳朵(duo)上戴一只小墜子(zi),說是(shi)“曳”著好養活。

結婚后的(de)婦女帶簪,梳頭(tou)時插(cha)在纂(zuan)上。簪一般為平(ping)板式(shi),上部微彎,下部尖細。另有一種針形(xing)簪子(zi),簪頭(tou)鑲有珠(zhu)子(zi)或珠(zhu)花。

飲食民俗

青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俗屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)我國北方類(lei)型,受京(jing)津一(yi)帶影響很(hen)(hen)深。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,雜(za)以(yi)(yi)(yi)谷子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、高(gao)梁(liang)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)類(lei)(黃豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、紅(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou))、黍(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)五谷雜(za)糧(liang)(liang).副(fu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,肉類(lei)、蛋類(lei)過(guo)(guo)去(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尋常(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)辦喜(xi)事和(he)(he)(he)待客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍品(pin)(pin)。 城市和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)都通行(xing)一(yi)日三餐,早(zao)晚(wan)稱“朝飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,午飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱“晌(shang)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,晚(wan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)稱“夜(ye)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)閑(xian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)一(yi)日兩(liang)(liang)餐,稱“吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)兩(liang)(liang)頓飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”。過(guo)(guo)去(qu)(qu),農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)朝飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)或(huo)高(gao)梁(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),配以(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)。高(gao)梁(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)統(tong)稱“粘粥(zhou)”,也叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“糊(hu)涂”。晌(shang)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)摻上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)豇豆(dou)(dou)(dou)或(huo)綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)。夜(ye)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao))。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安排叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“兩(liang)(liang)稀(xi)一(yi)干(gan)(gan)”。如(ru)今(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變化較(jiao)大(da),大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)尋常(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)常(chang)(chang)便飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),魚(yu)(yu)肉習(xi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)常(chang)(chang),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)已(yi)很(hen)(hen)少(shao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),農(nong)(nong)閑(xian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“兩(liang)(liang)頓飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”也多(duo)(duo)改為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)日三餐,然而早(zao)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)稀(xi)粥(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣無(wu)論城市還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)都沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)改變。下面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)就具體介紹幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“美(mei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi):這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)去(qu)(qu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)習(xi)慣叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“苞米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)(he)帶頭(tou)(tou)同(tong)(tong)加水(shui)放(fang)入鍋內做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)烀(hu)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)(he)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)加野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)或(huo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)葉(xie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)熟,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)度荒年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),現已(yi)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。另外還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)許白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“發糕”,則(ze)(ze)屬(shu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin),多(duo)(duo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)節(jie)(jie)日中(zhong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)就咸魚(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)(xia)醬(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)漁(yu)民(min)(min)中(zhong)最常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)。咸魚(yu)(yu)中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)咸鲅魚(yu)(yu)、咸刀(dao)魚(yu)(yu)(帶魚(yu)(yu))和(he)(he)(he)咸白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)鱗(lin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)最佳(jia)(jia),蝦(xia)(xia)醬(jiang)(jiang)則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蝦(xia)(xia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)醬(jiang)(jiang)、蟹醬(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)(he)蝦(xia)(xia)頭(tou)(tou)醬(jiang)(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對蝦(xia)(xia)頭(tou)(tou)磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)喜(xi)歡大(da)蔥(cong)蘸(zhan)大(da)醬(jiang)(jiang)就餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),大(da)醬(jiang)(jiang)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)自(zi)己制作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬(jiang)(jiang)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)醬(jiang)(jiang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥制作(zuo)),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃豆(dou)(dou)(dou)發酵(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)豉,摻以(yi)(yi)(yi)蘿卜(bu)丁、胡(hu)蘿卜(bu)丁、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)絲(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)鮮(xian)(xian)美(mei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)品(pin)(pin),特(te)別(bie)受人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)喜(xi)愛(ai)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua):學名(ming)(ming)甘(gan)薯,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即墨、萊西(xi)、嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)一(yi)帶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)產量高(gao),莖葉(xie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)喂(wei)牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好飼料(liao),又適于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)嶺薄(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)廣泛栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)怕凍,不(bu)(bu)(bu)好儲藏。萊西(xi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)冬(dong)天(tian)多(duo)(duo)把(ba)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)屋(wu)(wu)內頂棚上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang);即墨、嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)則(ze)(ze)多(duo)(duo)堆(dui)積(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)火的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炕頭(tou)(tou),或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)屋(wu)(wu)內挖(wa)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)窖存放(fang)。一(yi)般可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)到(dao)(dao)來(lai)(lai)(lai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)半(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)糧(liang)(liang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說法(fa)(fa)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang),除鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)煮(zhu)(zhu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)擦絲(si)(si)煮(zhu)(zhu)粥(zhou)外,主要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)切(qie)片和(he)(he)(he)擦絲(si)(si)曬干(gan)(gan),分別(bie)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)”、“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)”。將地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)碾碎磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),即為(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)絲(si)(si)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“豆(dou)(dou)(dou)包”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)太好吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)就有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)“別(bie)拿著豆(dou)(dou)(dou)包不(bu)(bu)(bu)當干(gan)(gan)糧(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俗語,意思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)別(bie)瞧(qiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)干(gan)(gan)只(zhi)能(neng)煮(zhu)(zhu)著吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)口,如(ru)今(jin)(jin)很(hen)(hen)少(shao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),只(zhi)能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)飼料(liao)了(le)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)單獨和(he)(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)烙餅(bing)(bing)或(huo)烀(hu)餅(bing)(bing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),還(huan)(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)與(yu)其(qi)(qi)他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉混(hun)合包餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、搟(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)或(huo)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)其(qi)(qi)他面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)很(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)色(se),如(ru)采一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“筋骨(gu)草”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)或(huo)榆樹皮(pi)(pi),搗碎后(hou)(hou)和(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混(hun)合,搟(xian)(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao),放(fang)鍋內箅(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),鍋底煮(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鹵,熟悉后(hou)(hou)將菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鹵澆在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)一(yi)鍋熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)給(gei)起(qi)(qi)了(le)個很(hen)(hen)形(xing)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)字,叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“二(er)起(qi)(qi)樓(lou)”。還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“金(jin)銀卷”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)麥面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian))、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)分3層(ceng)卷起(qi)(qi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)熟而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。金(jin)銀卷黃、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)、黑三色(se)相(xiang)(xiang)間,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)香里(li)透甜(tian),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)也很(hen)(hen)盛行(xing)。 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之一(yi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)很(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)花樣(yang)。如(ru)今(jin)(jin),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)生(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)平提高(gao)了(le),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)歷(li)史(shi),但“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)”仍深受人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)喜(xi)愛(ai)。烤(kao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)、炸(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片還(huan)(huan)擁(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)批的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛(ai)好者。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(萊西(xi)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)陰干(gan)(gan))是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)天(tian)把(ba)煮(zhu)(zhu)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切(qie)片曬干(gan)(gan)后(hou)(hou)密(mi)封于(yu)(yu)缸、壇內,到(dao)(dao)春(chun)天(tian)取出(chu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)層(ceng)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)醭(bu),味道甚(shen)佳(jia)(jia)。炸(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)片則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)鮮(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)切(qie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薄(bo)片,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油炸(zha)熟后(hou)(hou),撒上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)砂糖,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)香脆可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)口。如(ru)今(jin)(jin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)、炸(zha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 片,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)攤(tan)和(he)(he)(he)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)店(dian)里(li)多(duo)(duo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出(chu)售。米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)產大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),過(guo)(guo)去(qu)(qu),大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)錢人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐桌上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方能(neng)見到(dao)(dao),尋常(chang)(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。即墨等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)把(ba)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“撈干(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,作(zuo)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)加水(shui)煮(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)半(ban)(ban)熟后(hou)(hou),把(ba)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)濾(lv)(lv)出(chu)再上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鍋蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),濾(lv)(lv)出(chu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)汁叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“飲湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang),飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好后(hou)(hou)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就全有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)既省柴草又省工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)法(fa)(fa),世代(dai)(dai)相(xiang)(xiang)傳,直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)如(ru)今(jin)(jin)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)干(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)里(li)如(ru)加上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou),或(huo)綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)(dou),則(ze)(ze)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)更(geng)香,味道也各不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)還(huan)(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)胡(hu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(高(gao)粱米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))或(huo)慘子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)干(gan)(gan)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。慘子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皮(pi)(pi)厚產量低,做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)味道不(bu)(bu)(bu)佳(jia)(jia),如(ru)今(jin)(jin)已(yi)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黍(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“大(da)黃米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”,多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)它包上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮(pi)(pi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)糕,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)節(jie)(jie)日食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan):農(nong)(nong)家(jia)常(chang)(chang)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)、胡(hu)休(xiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)(he)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)渣(zha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、胡(hu)休(xiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)熬成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)營養豐富,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)婦(fu)女“坐月子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”和(he)(he)(he)伺候老人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、病人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳(jia)(jia)品(pin)(pin)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)許玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)摻上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、再加點鹽做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀(xi)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)度荒年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。餑(bo)餑(bo):也叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“饅頭(tou)(tou)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逢(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)過(guo)(guo)節(jie)(jie)、祭祖供神和(he)(he)(he)親(qin)友(you)之間禮(li)儀往來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),花樣(yang)繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)。 棗(zao)(zao)(zao)餑(bo)餑(bo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)餑(bo)餑(bo)頂端做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)5個棗(zao)(zao)(zao)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),嵌上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)紅(hong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)熟,作(zuo)供品(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);磕(ke)餑(bo)餑(bo)則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)模(俗稱“餑(bo)餑(bo)磕(ke)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”)磕(ke)出(chu)蓮(lian)蓬、魚(yu)(yu)、桃、蟬、獅、猴等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)贈送親(qin)友(you)和(he)(he)(he)節(jie)(jie)日期間食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)重要(yao)節(jie)(jie)慶(qing)日,如(ru)祭海(hai)(hai),漁(yu)婦(fu)們(men)(men)還(huan)(huan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)餑(bo)餑(bo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)魚(yu)(yu)、蝦(xia)(xia)、蟹、貝、花卉或(huo)雞、燕等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)動(dong)植(zhi)物面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)塑,形(xing)象逼(bi)真,造型美(mei)觀,使人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)樂于(yu)(yu)觀賞(shang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍心吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)掉。面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao):青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)習(xi)慣叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”,由(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)婦(fu)們(men)(men)和(he)(he)(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)搟(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)杖搟(xian)(xian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),按(an)形(xing)狀分,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寬面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、棋(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)塊面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀(dao)切(qie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)菱角型)和(he)(he)(he)細面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),寬面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(也叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“寬心面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)婚時(shi)(shi)(shi)新郎新娘必吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)城鄉婚禮(li)中(zhong)仍很(hen)(hen)流行(xing)。按(an)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)類(lei)分,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)百(bai)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、豌豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、雜(za)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)由(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混(hun)合而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))、“三條(tiao)(tiao)腿面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”(由(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)混(hun)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)褂成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang),片薄(bo)光(guang)滑,吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)口。餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi):在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“滑扎”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)最愛(ai)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。過(guo)(guo)去(qu)(qu),老百(bai)姓家(jia)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過(guo)(guo)節(jie)(jie)或(huo)招待客人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)時(shi)(shi)(shi)才包餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)豬(zhu)肉餡(xian)(xian)、蘿卜(bu)絲(si)(si)蝦(xia)(xia)皮(pi)(pi)餡(xian)(xian)、韭菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)餡(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)一(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魚(yu)(yu)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)色(se),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)鲅魚(yu)(yu)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)最佳(jia)(jia)。青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)市區(qu)至今(jin)(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)谷雨前(qian)后(hou)(hou)鲅魚(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)市 時(shi)(shi)(shi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)向老人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)送鲅魚(yu)(yu)、讓(rang)父(fu)母嘗鮮(xian)(xian)鲅魚(yu)(yu)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗。 近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)(lai),還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)野菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(薺菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai))餡(xian)(xian)餃子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)很(hen)(hen)得青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)青(qing)(qing)(qing)睞,春(chun)季在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)些大(da)飯(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)店(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餐桌上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)常(chang)(chang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)見到(dao)(dao)。

居住民俗

居(ju)住(zhu)(又稱(cheng)“住(zhu)所(suo))是人類抵御(yu)風寒和休息繁(fan)衍的(de)(de)場所(suo),是人們賴以生(sheng)存的(de)(de)重(zhong)要條件之一。受生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)地域、環境(jing)條件等影響,我國各地居(ju)住(zhu)類型、房屋(wu)樣(yang)式都(dou)有所(suo)不同,居(ju)住(zhu)風俗也多種(zhong)多樣(yang)。

青(qing)島地區(qu)農(nong)村房屋(wu)(wu)結(jie)構(gou)與我國北(bei)方地區(qu)的房屋(wu)(wu)結(jie)構(gou)相似,建(jian)(jian)房多取向陽山(shan)坡,講究向陽背(bei)陰、依(yi)山(shan)靠(kao)水。房屋(wu)(wu)為土木(mu)磚石結(jie)構(gou),一列3至5間,與左鄰右舍接山(shan)連墻(qiang),屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)為“人(ren)”字型(xing)(亦(yi)稱“雙流水型(xing)”)。建(jian)(jian)有正屋(wu)(wu)、東(dong)西廂(xiang)屋(wu)(wu)或倒屋(wu)(wu),各家自成院落。以三(san)合院居多。

村莊大(da)(da)小不(bu)一,少者幾戶,大(da)(da)的數百戶,近年(nian)又出現了不(bu)少千戶大(da)(da)村。

1897年(nian)后,德國(guo),日本先(xian)后侵占(zhan)青(qing)島。隨(sui)著港(gang)口和市政的(de)建設(she),大批(pi)農民(min)涌入市區,當時西鎮一帶建起了(le)10個平民(min)院,臺東鎮的(de)南山、仲(zhong)家洼等處也(ye)陸(lu)續出現了(le)一些棚戶區。這些院區建房無規劃,房屋(wu)低矮(ai)陰暗,環(huan)境(jing)惡劣,除(chu)“人”字型屋(wu)頂外,還出現了(le)許多一面坡房屋(wu),人們習慣叫“道士帽”。由于居住環(huan)境(jing)、條件的(de)改變,一些千(qian)百年(nian)來(lai)傳承下(xia)來(lai)的(de)居住民(min)俗也(ye)就(jiu)無法延續下(xia)來(lai)。

80年代(dai)起,政府推行(xing)舊城改(gai)造工程(cheng),90年代(dai)又實行(xing)安居工程(cheng)。現在,平民(min)院和棚戶(hu)區已相細建成居民(min)小(xiao)區,樓群林立(li),環境優美,人們居住條件(jian)大為改(gai)善(shan)。

在此期間,青(qing)島地區農村的(de)老式住房也多為美觀的(de)住宅(zhai)樓代替。居住由單純實用型向注重審美型發展。一些現代建(jian)筑材料被廣泛采用,不少村莊也出現了(le)樓群(qun)。

村(cun)(cun)莊 青島農村(cun)(cun)除極少(shao)數(shu)住(zhu)“山庵”的(de)(de)看山人外,多聚集一起居住(zhu),因而構成大小不同的(de)(de)建筑群,稱作“村(cun)(cun)”、“莊”、“仝”或“屯”。

村里的道路,大(da)的叫“街(jie)(jie)”,多為東西(xi)向,稱(cheng)前(qian)街(jie)(jie)、后街(jie)(jie)。大(da)的村莊街(jie)(jie)多,則(ze)冠姓氏(shi)為街(jie)(jie)名,如(ru)張家街(jie)(jie)、王(wang)家街(jie)(jie)。

小的(de)道路(lu)稱“胡同(tong)(tong)”,多以姓(xing)氏、堂號、村中(zhong)名(ming)人(ren)或樹(shu)木為名(ming),如宋家胡同(tong)(tong)、福來胡同(tong)(tong)、解(jie)元胡同(tong)(tong)、老(lao)槐樹(shu)胡同(tong)(tong)等;很狹窄的(de)小路(lu)稱“夾(jia)道”;閑散人(ren)經常(chang)聚集閑談的(de)地方稱“懶漢子窩”、“老(lao)頭(tou)窩”。

有(you)(you)些村(cun)名(ming)(ming)很有(you)(you)特(te)色,也很有(you)(you)趣,如萊西張(zhang)哥(ge)莊(zhuang)是因為(wei)有(you)(you)一個(ge)姓張(zhang)的(de)漢(han)子在這里安家(jia)(jia)落戶而得名(ming)(ming)。此人(ren)豪爽,樂于助人(ren),附近(jin)人(ren)尊稱為(wei)張(zhang)哥(ge),村(cun)名(ming)(ming)也就成(cheng)了(le)張(zhang)哥(ge)莊(zhuang)。因“哥(ge)”、“格”“戈”同音,以后就出(chu)現了(le)像周戈莊(zhuang)、夏格莊(zhuang)等村(cun)名(ming)(ming)。這種以姓氏為(wei)名(ming)(ming)的(de)村(cun)莊(zhuang)非常(chang)多,有(you)(you)的(de)直接叫“岳家(jia)(jia)”、“趙家(jia)(jia)”,有(you)(you)的(de)則加(jia)“屯”、“溝”、“店”等字(zi),叫“梁家(jia)(jia)仝”、“于家(jia)(jia)屯”、“王(wang)家(jia)(jia)溝”、“徐家(jia)(jia)店”等。

有(you)的(de)村(cun)是以(yi)建村(cun)人的(de)特征而(er)得名。萊西有(you)個李胡(hu)子(zi)莊,是因(yin)為清(qing)嘉慶年間,一個叫(jiao)李克用的(de)人此(ci)建村(cun),他胡(hu)子(zi)很長(chang),人稱(cheng)“李胡(hu)子(zi)”,日久,這村(cun)就叫(jiao)做“李胡(hu)子(zi)莊”。后來,有(you)人感到此(ci)名不(bu)雅(ya),民(min)國初年該村(cun)名就演化成今天的(de)“李虎莊”。

也有(you)的以建村(cun)人(ren)的職業為(wei)村(cun)名。嶗山有(you)個(ge)皂戶村(cun),因(yin)為(wei)明永樂年間(jian)有(you)幾家用灶具燒(shao)鹽戶來(lai)此定居,宋代稱鹽戶為(wei)“皂戶”,這(zhe)個(ge)村(cun)也就(jiu)叫做“皂戶村(cun)”。

有不少村(cun)(cun)莊是以神(shen)話(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)說中的(de)名(ming)稱(cheng)命(ming)名(ming)的(de)。嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)有個(ge)(ge)女(nv)姑(gu)山(shan)(shan)村(cun)(cun),因為村(cun)(cun)南有個(ge)(ge)“老姑(gu)庵”廟(miao),廟(miao)內的(de)主神(shen)人(ren)稱(cheng)“女(nv)姑(gu)”,傳(chuan)說是《封神(shen)榜》中趙公(gong)明元(yuan)帥(shuai)的(de)妹(mei)妹(mei),人(ren)們就把村(cun)(cun)名(ming)定為“女(nv)姑(gu)山(shan)(shan)”。登瀛村(cun)(cun)是傳(chuan)說秦(qin)人(ren)徐福為取長(chang)生(sheng)不老藥,由此登程去(qu)仙島瀛洲而得名(ming)。嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)老人(ren)村(cun)(cun)村(cun)(cun)名(ming),不但(dan)源于一(yi)個(ge)(ge)優美的(de)神(shen)話(hua)(hua)故事,還因為村(cun)(cun)前(qian)海邊(bian)有一(yi)塊狀似老人(ren)的(de)巨石(shi)。

有(you)的村(cun)莊(zhuang)以(yi)舊(jiu)時駐軍軍屯(tun)或官屯(tun)為名(ming),如鰲山衛、雄崖所、營上、黃(huang)官屯(tun)等;有(you)的以(yi)寺廟、古家(jia)為名(ming),像廟頭、家(jia)子(zi)頭、廟東、石佛院等;有(you)的以(yi)地(di)(di)理環境取村(cun)名(ming),如簸(bo)箕嶺,因其地(di)(di)形像簸(bo)箕而得(de)名(ming);還有(you)以(yi)建(jian)村(cun)時當地(di)(di)的村(cun)木花草(cao)為名(ming),如桃(tao)林(lin)、棗(zao)園、柳樹屯(tun)、榛子(zi)溝等。

1979年,青島開(kai)始地名普查,對重復的和不雅的村名進(jin)行(xing)了調整。村名和村名用字都達到了標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)、規范化(hua)。

院落 青(qing)島民間居住大(da)都各(ge)自(zi)成院,俗稱“天井”、“院子”。

過去,許多(duo)人家(jia)都喜歡設前后兩院(yuan)。前院(yuan)面積(ji)大,是一家(jia)人平日活動的(de)主要場地,院(yuan)里(li)建(jian)豬(zhu)圈、而所,喜栽石(shi)榴、月季(ji)等花卉(hui)樹(shu)木。后院(yuan)很小,用處不(bu)大,只是為了擋住后窗(chuang),認為后窗(chuang)臨街“不(bu)成住處”。如今(jin),隨(sui)著人們觀念(nian)的(de)轉變,加上土地的(de)寶(bao)貴,已很少有人設后院(yuan)了。

院(yuan)(yuan)子周邊的(de)墻(qiang)叫(jiao)(jiao)“院(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)”,舊時多用石(shi)(shi)(shi)塊壘成。在臨街墻(qiang)上(shang),鑲(xiang)嵌帶(dai)“鼻(bi)梁”的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)塊,用以拴騾馬(ma),叫(jiao)(jiao)“拴馬(ma)石(shi)(shi)(shi)”。院(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)上(shang)面(mian)抹石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰或泥,叫(jiao)(jiao)“打墻(qiang)頭頂。”院(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)上(shang)面(mian)抹成半圓形,叫(jiao)(jiao)“和尚頭”。如今,院(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)多用石(shi)(shi)(shi)塊壘下部,上(shang)面(mian)壘磚,外(wai)面(mian)用水泥抹平;也有的(de)用磚或水泥砌成幾何(he)圖案,稱做“花墻(qiang)”。院(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)不得高于屋檐。

臨(lin)街(jie)院墻處(chu)留(liu)有大門(men)(men)(men)口,俗(su)稱“街(jie)門(men)(men)(men)”或“街(jie)門(men)(men)(men)口”。街(jie)門(men)(men)(men)多為(wei)南向(xiang)或東向(xiang),胡同里也有西向(xiang)的,但很(hen)少北向(xiang)的。街(jie)門(men)(men)(men)要(yao)與對門(men)(men)(men)鄰居的大門(men)(men)(men)口偏離(li),叫做“斜(xie)對門(men)(men)(men)”。

大(da)門(men)(men)一般(ban)漆為(wei)黑色,老輩(bei)有功名的(de)(de)人(ren)家可漆紅色。門(men)(men)為(wei)兩扇,每(mei)扇裝一個鐵制的(de)(de)門(men)(men)環(huan),左邊的(de)(de)門(men)(men)環(huan)連(lian)著(zhu)門(men)(men)內“搖關”,“搖關”可轉動,供隨手關門(men)(men)用。有的(de)(de)人(ren)家還在門(men)(men)上(shang)裝有鐵制的(de)(de)環(huan)扣,叫“門(men)(men)劃拉”,用以鎖門(men)(men)。

門(men)(men)上部修有(you)門(men)(men)樓(lou),舊時大(da)(da)門(men)(men)和門(men)(men)樓(lou)都是財勢的象(xiang)征,富有(you)人(ren)家的門(men)(men)樓(lou)修四角飛(fei)檐,上飾(shi)有(you)“龍頭”、“壽狗(gou)”等吉(ji)祥(xiang)物,大(da)(da)門(men)(men)高大(da)(da),彩(cai)畫裝飾(shi)。平常人(ren)家的大(da)(da)門(men)(men)、門(men)(men)樓(lou)都很(hen)簡陋,門(men)(men)樓(lou)多用草氈(zhan),有(you)的大(da)(da)門(men)(men)沒有(you)門(men)(men)樓(lou),叫“土門(men)(men)子(zi)”。

大門內大多建(jian)有影壁(bi),俗稱(cheng)“照壁(bi)”(磚(zhuan)砌屏風(feng)),上寫“福”字,或繪有鹿(lu)、鶴等(deng)圖案,一求(qiu)吉慶(qing),二作裝飾(shi)。

房屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 民間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)多(duo)住平房。舊時(shi)(shi),房屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)結構(gou)為(wei)(wei)起(qi)脊(ji),用梁、柱構(gou)成骨架,土墻(qiang)草頂(ding),木欞窗戶(間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有石墻(qiang)瓦頂(ding))。一幢房屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3、4、5間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成套,坐北朝南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)房間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)“正(zheng)(zheng)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”,坐南(nan)朝北的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)(wei)“倒屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩側為(wei)(wei)“廂(xiang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”,分別叫(jiao)(jiao)“東(dong)廂(xiang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”、“西(xi)(xi)廂(xiang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。正(zheng)(zheng)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)“正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”,兩邊分別叫(jiao)(jiao)“東(dong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”、“西(xi)(xi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”,再往里(li)叫(jiao)(jiao)“套間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”。正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)鍋(guo)灶(zao)兩個,通東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)炕內,供冬(dong)季熱炕取暖。舊時(shi)(shi),正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)與東(dong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)墻(qiang)壁(bi)上多(duo)留一小(xiao)方洞,叫(jiao)(jiao)“燈窩(wo)”,洞內可(ke)放(fang)油燈,這樣一盞(zhan)燈可(ke)照明正(zheng)(zheng)、東(dong)兩間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房,可(ke)節(jie)省燈油。也有的(de)(de)(de)人把它叫(jiao)(jiao)做“婆婆眼”,說從方洞中可(ke)看到灶(zao)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)行動,供婆婆監視媳(xi)婦(fu)用。在正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)上方用木板或高梁秸扎頂(ding)棚(peng),也叫(jiao)(jiao)“天(tian)棚(peng)”,冬(dong)天(tian)可(ke)用來存放(fang)地瓜。東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)多(duo)用花(hua)紙(zhi)貼(tie)棚(peng)頂(ding),裝飾有蝙蝠(fu)、團花(hua)等剪紙(zhi),叫(jiao)(jiao)“仰棚(peng)”。

人口多的(de)人家(jia),通常長(chang)輩(bei)住正屋,幼輩(bei)住廂屋。住一幢房子的(de),長(chang)輩(bei)住外間(jian),幼輩(bei)住里間(jian)(套間(jian)),長(chang)輩(bei)住東(dong)間(jian),幼輩(bei)住西間(jian)。

倒屋一般不住人,普通人家堆(dui)放(fang)雜(za)物、工(gong)具或柴(chai)草(cao),有身份(fen)人家用作待客(ke),稱(cheng)“客(ke)屋”。

廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)夏(xia)(xia)熱冬冷,通風采(cai)光又差(cha),所以民間(jian)有(you)“東(dong)廂(xiang)(xiang)西廂(xiang)(xiang),不(bu)孝的兒郎”、“有(you)錢不(bu)住(zhu)(zhu)東(dong)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang),冬不(bu)暖,夏(xia)(xia)不(bu)涼”的俗諺(yan)。富有(you)人(ren)(ren)家的廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)多不(bu)住(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren),用作(zuo)飼養(yang)大牲畜(chu)或(huo)安石磨(mo)作(zuo)磨(mo)房(fang)(fang)。

建(jian)房(fang)(青島(dao)人(ren)叫“蓋屋”)是一(yi)家(jia)人(ren)的大(da)事,舊(jiu)時(shi),看風水、擇宅基、安(an)門框、做(zuo)梁(liang)椽等(deng)都(dou)(dou)要經(jing)過多種儀式和(he)(he)活動,其中(zhong)要屬(shu)上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)儀式最為熱(re)鬧、隆重。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)時(shi)間一(yi)塊紅布,叫做(zuo)“掛(gua)紅”。梁(liang)檁上(shang)(shang)要貼上(shang)(shang)“上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)大(da)吉”等(deng)字樣(yang)的橫坡,還(huan)要綁(bang)上(shang)(shang)筷子,用紅繩系上(shang)(shang)銅(tong)制錢(qian),掛(gua)上(shang)(shang)紅布等(deng)飾物,以求吉利(li)。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)時(shi),房(fang)屋四(si)周燃放鞭炮,正(zheng)間當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)安(an)設方桌,擺(bai)設供品(pin),點燃紅燭,由建(jian)房(fang)人(ren)家(jia)的主人(ren)跪拜。萊西(xi)一(yi)帶(dai)在上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)時(shi),兩位(wei)木匠(jiang)、瓦(wa)匠(jiang)師傅還(huan)要邊唱喜(xi)歌邊往下扔一(yi)些龍、鳳、虎、蝶等(deng)形狀的小(xiao)餑餑,逗(dou)引孩(hai)子們哄搶。上(shang)(shang)梁(liang)儀式結束后(hou)的當(dang)(dang)天(tian),主人(ren)要在新房(fang)設宴請(qing)親朋、工匠(jiang)和(he)(he)幫工者,酒菜一(yi)般(ban)都(dou)(dou)很豐盛。

現在,民間建房“看(kan)風水”和“擺供求(qiu)神”等(deng)(deng)舊俗多(duo)已廢(fei)除,但在梁(liang)、檁(lin)之(zhi)上貼(tie)橫(heng)批(pi)、堅聯,以及放(fang)鞭炮等(deng)(deng)求(qiu)吉(ji)習俗仍流行。

70年代開始,農村建房(fang)由生產大隊(村委(wei)會)統一規劃,街道、房(fang)屋逐步達(da)到布局整(zheng)齊劃一,房(fang)屋也(ye)多為磚(zhuan)石墻、瓦頂、玻(bo)璃窗(chuang)戶。伙房(fang)、寢室、會客(ke)室分別設置,廂屋多為水泥平頂,用以曬糧食(shi)或夏(xia)夜乘涼(liang)。

80年代后,老舊草房(fang)基本絕跡,有些農村已(yi)是樓房(fang)連片,農民的(de)居住條件大為改善。

在(zai)居住民俗中,也有許多禁忌(ji)(ji),但(dan)多帶(dai)有迷(mi)信色彩,如過去有的地方(fang)農歷五(wu)月忌(ji)(ji)蓋屋,說(shuo)(shuo)五(wu)月為惡月,蓋屋家中要(yao)死人(ren),顯然沒有科學依據;住所大門(men)忌(ji)(ji)沖(chong)著山丘,河流(liu)、大道、水井和墳(fen)墓,說(shuo)(shuo)這樣會(hui)遭(zao)邪(xie)氣(qi)和不吉(ji)利,若無法避(bi)開(kai),則(ze)要(yao)在(zai)門(men)上(shang)(shang)掛“八卦鏡(jing)”破解;宅基不能直沖(chong)通街道,也不能面對(dui)廟宇,如無法避(bi)開(kai),要(yao)在(zai)宅子外面一角安一塊(kuai)小(xiao)石碑,上(shang)(shang)刻“泰山石敢當”5個字(zi);建房(fang)用的木料,忌(ji)(ji)用楸木、槐木,因“楸”、“槐”沾著“火”、“鬼”二字(zi),恐不吉(ji)。

在院(yuan)內還忌(ji)栽(zai)桑樹(shu)(shu)、柳樹(shu)(shu)和楊樹(shu)(shu),俗稱前(qian)不(bu)(bu)栽(zai)桑,后不(bu)(bu)栽(zai)柳,院(yuan)內不(bu)(bu)栽(zai)“鬼(gui)拍手”。因為“桑”與(yu)“喪”同音(yin),出門風(feng)喪不(bu)(bu)吉;柳不(bu)(bu)結籽,恐(kong)無子絕后;栽(zai)“鬼(gui)拍手”(指(zhi)楊樹(shu)(shu))則(ze)怕招來鬼(gui)魅,宅室不(bu)(bu)字。如今,已(yi)很少有人(ren)相(xiang)信有什(shen)么鬼(gui)魅了,但農(nong)民院(yuan)子內外(wai)至(zhi)今仍不(bu)(bu)栽(zai)植以(yi)上3種樹(shu)(shu)木。

禮儀民俗

人生(sheng)(sheng)禮(li)儀民(min)俗(su),是指人的一生(sheng)(sheng)從誕生(sheng)(sheng)到死亡(wang)各個(ge)階段(duan)的禮(li)節和(he)(he)儀式,包括生(sheng)(sheng)禮(li)風俗(su)、婚禮(li)風俗(su)、壽禮(li)風俗(su)和(he)(he)喪禮(li)風俗(su),是最復雜和(he)(he)繁瑣的民(min)俗(su)事(shi)象。

在青島地區,嬰兒出(chu)生后要舉(ju)行(xing)“報喜”、“過三日(ri)”、搬滿月”、“過百歲”等多種(zhong)儀式,直(zhi)到一歲生日(ri)過后,生育的(de)各種(zhong)程序方算結束。

在(zai)生育民(min)俗(su)中,傳統(tong)的(de)(de)男(nan)(nan)(nan)尊女(nv)卑觀(guan)念(nian)很明顯,生男(nan)(nan)(nan)稱“大喜”,生女(nv)稱“小(xiao)喜”。女(nv)孩報喜的(de)(de)時間要(yao)比男(nan)(nan)(nan)孩晚(wan)3天,關這(zhe)喜蛋要(yao)比男(nan)(nan)(nan)孩少(shao),禮儀也比男(nan)(nan)(nan)孩簡單得多。

婚禮(li)禮(li)也是人(ren)生(sheng)禮(li)儀中(zhong)的一個大禮(li),舊時權勢人(ren)家結婚興(xing)“六禮(li)”,即納彩、問名(ming)、納吉、納征、請日、親迎。尋(xun)常百(bai)姓家禮(li)儀雖(sui)從簡,但也要經過說媒、定(ding)親(下(xia)媒柬(jian))、送(song)日子(zi)、送(song)嫁妝、迎娶等多道程序。

送嫁妝(zhuang)、迎娶往往成為有錢人炫耀門庭(ting)的時機,大(da)操大(da)辦(ban)助長了(le)鋪張浪費風氣。

在婚(hun)(hun)俗中,有不少封建迷信色彩,如合(he)婚(hun)(hun)批生辰八字、看(kan)男女屬相(xiang)是(shi)否相(xiang)克等(deng)。舊時“白馬怕青牛,羊鼠一旦休;金雞怕玉犬,雞猴(hou)不到頭”等(deng)說法不知毀掉(diao)了多少個幸福(fu)的(de)婚(hun)(hun)姻。

建國后(hou),實行新的婚姻(yin)法,過(guo)去的許多(duo)婚姻(yin)陋(lou)俗,如指腹婚、娃(wa)娃(wa)親、童養(yang)媳、結陰(yin)親、納妝(zhuang)、一夫娶二房(fang)等(deng)已(yi)絕跡。但(dan)近年(nian)來,婚姻(yin)中(zhong)的大操辦(ban)之(zhi)風仍很興盛(sheng)。

壽禮是為老年人慶(qing)壽的(de)一(yi)種儀(yi)式。近年來(lai),青島人祝(zhu)壽、過去日習(xi)俗盛行,但(dan)禮儀(yi)從(cong)簡(jian)。

喪(sang)事是(shi)人(ren)生的(de)終結(jie),喪(sang)禮是(shi)人(ren)生的(de)最后一次禮儀。民間對(dui)喪(sang)禮看(kan)得很(hen)重,往往不惜花費大量財力、物力來安慰亡(wang)靈。

過(guo)去青島(dao)人實行土(tu)(tu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang),葬(zang)(zang)(zang)禮(li)程序繁多。如今,普遍(bian)推行火(huo)葬(zang)(zang)(zang),喪(sang)事從簡。有的將死(si)者骨灰盒(he)埋葬(zang)(zang)(zang)土(tu)(tu)中,說是“隨土(tu)(tu)而安(an)”;有的將骨灰撒(sa)向大(da)海。

節日民俗

歲時(shi)節日民俗(su)是按一年(nian)四季的(de)氣候變化和節氣變換在民間形(xing)成的(de)風俗(su)習慣(guan),是我國民俗(su)中的(de)重要組(zu)成部分。

歲時節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日民(min)俗中(zhong)(zhong)傳(chuan)承著許(xu)多具有民(min)族特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日。這些節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日經過于(yu)百(bai)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)承變異,已形成了各(ge)自不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)與特色(se)。其中(zhong)(zhong)有反(fan)映生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)農事節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(立春、谷雨、石頭(tou)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)等(deng));祭奠祖先(xian)、神靈的(de)(de)(de)(de)祭祀(si)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(中(zhong)(zhong)元(yuan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、寒衣節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));追念(nian)民(min)族英雄和(he)名土(tu)偉人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紀念(nian)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(清明節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、端(duan)午節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));祝賀(he)喜慶(qing)豐收(shou)、闔家團圓的(de)(de)(de)(de)慶(qing)賀(he)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(春節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、中(zhong)(zhong)秋節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie));還(huan)有屬于(yu)游藝娛樂(le)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)游樂(le)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(元(yuan)宵節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie))等(deng)。許(xu)多傳(chuan)統(tong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日都伴有一個優美的(de)(de)(de)(de)神話傳(chuan)說(shuo)故事,如乞巧節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“牛郎織女”、中(zhong)(zhong)秋節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“嫦娥奔(ben)月”、寒衣節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“孟姜女千(qian)里尋夫”等(deng)。

如今,一(yi)些大的(de)全民(min)性的(de)節(jie)日(ri),如春節(jie)、端午節(jie)、中秋(qiu)節(jie)等仍很受人重視;一(yi)些小的(de)或地域性的(de)節(jie)日(ri),如五馬日(ri)、人日(ri)、石王生日(ri)等已逐(zhu)漸(jian)被人們淡忘。

建(jian)國(guo)后(hou),形成(cheng)了不少新興的節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri),這(zhe)些節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)日(ri)有的是國(guo)際性(xing)的,部分(fen)為(wei)我國(guo)特有,主要(yao)有元旦、三八國(guo)際勞(lao)動婦女節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、五一(yi)國(guo)際勞(lao)動節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、五四青年節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、六一(yi)國(guo)際兒(er)童節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、七(qi)一(yi)建(jian)黨日(ri)、八一(yi)建(jian)軍節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、九月十(shi)日(ri)教師節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、十(shi)一(yi)國(guo)慶節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)等。

民俗節慶

1、青島(dao)蘿卜會(元宵(xiao)山(shan)會)

舉辦時間(jian):正月初九至正月十五(wu)

舉辦地點:云溪庵

主要活(huo)動:開幕(mu)式,蘿卜藝術(shu)雕刻大(da)賽(sai),民(min)間工藝品制作(zuo)大(da)賽(sai),元宵制作(zuo)展評,閉幕(mu)式等。

交(jiao)通方式:在(zai)市內乘坐2,5,21,24,305路(lu)車在(zai)“黃臺路(lu)”下車即可。

背景介紹:云(yun)溪庵始(shi)建于元代,屬道教廟宇,因出產(chan)的(de)蘿(luo)(luo)卜(bu)脆而(er)大著名。民(min)間有“正(zheng)月初九吃蘿(luo)(luo)卜(bu)不牙疼(teng),可防百(bai)病”的(de)說法,因而(er)蘿(luo)(luo)卜(bu)成了廟會上(shang)的(de)主要商品,漸(jian)漸(jian)廟會也就被人們稱之為“蘿(luo)(luo)卜(bu)會”。現(xian)在的(de)蘿(luo)(luo)卜(bu)會人流如潮,各(ge)類商品琳瑯滿目,已成為島城(cheng)春節后第(di)一個有影響的(de)民(min)間節日盛會。

2、海云庵糖球會

舉辦時(shi)間(jian):正(zheng)月(yue)十(shi)六至正(zheng)月(yue)十(shi)八

舉(ju)辦地點(dian):海云(yun)庵

主要活動:茂腔、柳腔、皮影、雜耍、剪紙、年畫(hua)、秧(yang)歌大賽(sai)(sai)、鑼鼓大賽(sai)(sai)等民(min)間藝術活動,還有大型廣場文藝表演、地方戲專場演出、攝影抓拍比賽(sai)(sai)、書畫(hua)現場表演、武術表演等。

交通方式:市內可乘坐1、5、7、15、32、206、210、319路(lu)公交車前往。

背景(jing)介紹:海(hai)云庵(an)始建(jian)于(yu)明代。舊時農歷正(zheng)月(yue)十(shi)六是該庵(an)廟(miao)會,由于(yu)廟(miao)會上賣山(shan)楂(zha)糖球的特(te)別多(duo),便稱之(zhi)為“海(hai)云庵(an)糖球會”。1986年(nian)青島恢復了這一民俗(su)節日,為期3天。

3、田橫祭海節

舉辦時間(jian):每年3月20到3月22日

舉辦地(di)點:即墨田橫鎮

主要(yao)活動:祭(ji)海(hai)前(qian)一(yi)天(tian),打掃龍王(wang)廟(miao),擺(bai)香爐(lu)、祭(ji)案,貼對(dui)聯,扎松柏龍門。 祭(ji)海(hai)當天(tian),漁民們(men)以船為單位(wei)在龍王(wang)廟(miao)前(qian)的海(hai)灘上開(kai)始擺(bai)供。漁民們(men)將要(yao)焚燒(shao)的黃裱紙整理好(hao),擺(bai)好(hao)香爐(lu),將上千(qian)掛紅彤彤的鞭(bian)炮升上高(gao)空。

交通(tong)方式(shi):青(qing)(qing)島市區居民可以在(zai)青(qing)(qing)島四方長途汽車(che)站,坐(zuo)從青(qing)(qing)島到(dao)即墨的(de)流(liu)水(shui)發車(che),到(dao)站后直(zhi)接坐(zuo)從即墨到(dao)田橫(heng)的(de)流(liu)水(shui)車(che)。

背(bei)景介紹:祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)是漁(yu)民(min)在(zai)(zai)(zai)漫長的耕海(hai)(hai)(hai)牧漁(yu)生(sheng)活中創造的一種獨具地域特(te)色的漁(yu)家文(wen)化。每年(nian)谷雨前(qian)后(hou)(hou),漁(yu)民(min)們在(zai)(zai)(zai)修船、添置(zhi)漁(yu)具等生(sheng)產準備工作就緒后(hou)(hou),選個黃道吉日(ri)把漁(yu)網抬上船,便開(kai)始祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai),因此又稱“上網”。專家對(dui)(dui)田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫境內古文(wen)化遺(yi)址考(kao)證,早在(zai)(zai)(zai)6000年(nian)前(qian)的新石器時(shi)代(dai),先(xian)民(min)們就在(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫區(qu)域靠(kao)漁(yu)獵為(wei)生(sheng),繁衍生(sheng)息。當時(shi)因認識水平有限,人(ren)們無法解釋大(da)自然的神(shen)秘現象,對(dui)(dui)大(da)海(hai)(hai)(hai)懷有深深的敬畏(wei)心(xin)理,出海(hai)(hai)(hai)捕魚時(shi)都要(yao)向海(hai)(hai)(hai)神(shen)祈福求安(an)。明永(yong)樂年(nian)間,隨(sui)著(zhu)當地人(ren)口聚(ju)集,逐漸形成(cheng)村落,祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)儀式初(chu)見規模(mo)。至民(min)國初(chu)年(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)橫祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)形成(cheng)以家族或船組(zu)為(wei)單位(wei)的集體祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)活動。

4、青(qing)島十梅(mei)庵梅(mei)花(hua)節

舉辦時(shi)間:每年3月中(zhong)旬至4月上旬

舉辦地點:青島梅園

主要(yao)活(huo)動(dong):梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)節(jie)的主要(yao)內容有(you)梅(mei)花(hua)(hua),蠟(la)梅(mei)大、中、小(xiao)型盆景,露地(di)景地(di)(梅(mei)樹),梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)、蠟(la)梅(mei)寫(xie)意盆景,插花(hua)(hua)藝(yi)術,攝(she)影展,詩書畫展等。

交通方式:乘(cheng)坐 364路, 在 十(shi)梅(mei)庵公園站 下車,步行(xing)150米至 梅(mei)園

背景介紹:1999年(nian)(nian),在青(qing)島梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園舉辦(ban)了(le)第(di)六屆中國(guo)(guo)(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蠟梅(mei)(mei)(mei)展覽會、第(di)三屆國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)文化學術研討會和青(qing)島市首屆梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)節(jie),并被農業部命名為“中國(guo)(guo)(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)鄉”。 此(ci)后(hou),青(qing)島十梅(mei)(mei)(mei)庵梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)節(jie)于每年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)中旬至(zhi)4月(yue)上(shang)旬在青(qing)島十梅(mei)(mei)(mei)庵風景區(qu)內的(de)青(qing)島梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園舉行。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園每年(nian)(nian)還要邀請無錫園林局(ju)、蘇州園林局(ju)、武漢磨山管理局(ju)、山東騰蛟園藝場等(deng)兄弟(di)單位共同(tong)參(can)展。每年(nian)(nian)的(de)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)節(jie),青(qing)島梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園盛(sheng)況空前,博大精深(shen)的(de)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)文化吸引游客超過10萬人次。

5、膠南杜(du)鵑花會

舉(ju)辦時(shi)間:3月28日——5月31日

舉辦地點:膠南大珠山風景區

主(zhu)要活動:四到五月,珠山上(shang)杜(du)鵑(juan)開得(de)正盛,游(you)人(ren)主(zhu)要活動是登山賞花(hua)。花(hua)會(hui)上(shang)還設有美食坊,沿(yan)途會(hui)有轉風(feng)車、打地鼠等真人(ren)活動,可供娛樂。

交通方式:青島市民可乘(cheng)坐3路(lu)(lu)、7路(lu)(lu)公交到達(da)大珠山(shan)汽車(che)南站(zhan),或乘(cheng)坐12路(lu)(lu)、101到達(da)濱(bin)海大道(dao)后換(huan)乘(cheng)臨時(shi)專線(xian)公交車(che)至各景區(qu)觀(guan)光旅游,也可以直接(jie)乘(cheng)坐102路(lu)(lu)到達(da)珠山(shan)秀谷。

背景(jing)介紹:中(zhong)國瑯琊(ya)旅(lv)游文化(hua)節暨膠(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)杜鵑花(hua)會(hui),以膠(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)歷(li)史(shi)文化(hua)為背景(jing),以瑯琊(ya)臺、靈(ling)山灣和(he)(he)萬畝野生杜鵑花(hua)等(deng)旅(lv)游資源為基(ji)礎,以提升(sheng)膠(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)城市品牌為目的(de),通過(guo)策劃豐富多(duo)彩的(de)主題活(huo)動(dong)(dong),多(duo)方位展現(xian)山水靈(ling)韻、和(he)(he)美(mei)膠(jiao)(jiao)南(nan)(nan)的(de)醉人(ren)風光、風土人(ren)情和(he)(he)勃勃生機(ji),為廣大游客打造(zao)一(yi)個舒心(xin)、互(hu)動(dong)(dong)、和(he)(he)諧的(de)旅(lv)游節慶活(huo)動(dong)(dong),真正(zheng)實現(xian)社會(hui)效益(yi)、環境效益(yi)、經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)的(de)共贏。

6、青島賞花會

舉辦(ban)時間:4月中旬

舉(ju)辦地(di)點:青島(dao)李(li)滄區

主要活(huo)動:大(da)(da)型主題晚會(hui)、國際插花(hua)藝術大(da)(da)賽、登山賞花(hua)游、書畫筆會(hui)、大(da)(da)型征文比賽、民(min)俗文化活(huo)動周、優惠(hui)購(gou)物(wu)活(huo)動等

交(jiao)通方式:青島市民(min)可以(yi)就近在長途(tu)站坐車去李滄,流水(shui)發車。

背景(jing)介紹:青島(dao)賞(shang)花(hua)會是以前(qian)青島(dao)李(li)(li)滄區(qu)獨特的(de)(de)花(hua)卉資源(yuan)(yuan)為基礎,主(zhu)要是賞(shang)三花(hua),即(ji)李(li)(li)村東部的(de)(de)萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)桃花(hua)、十梅庵(an)的(de)(de)800畝(mu)(mu)(mu)梅花(hua)和戴家北(bei)山(shan)紅(hong)石壁子的(de)(de)千畝(mu)(mu)(mu)野(ye)杜(du)鵑花(hua),整合其(qi)他花(hua)卉資源(yuan)(yuan)和文(wen)化資源(yuan)(yuan),形成集旅游、商貿、群眾性(xing)文(wen)化活動為一體的(de)(de)文(wen)化節會。

7、嶗山旅游(you)文(wen)化節(jie)

舉辦(ban)時(shi)間:4月下旬至(zhi)6月上旬

舉辦地點:嶗山

主要活(huo)動:嶗(lao)山(shan)旅(lv)游文(wen)化(hua)(hua)節以“山(shan)海情懷、魅力嶗(lao)山(shan)”為(wei)主題(ti)。分(fen)為(wei)節會活(huo)動、論壇及研討會、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)系列活(huo)動、旅(lv)游系列活(huo)動、經貿系列活(huo)動、體育健身系列活(huo)動等(deng)八大主題(ti)板(ban)塊(kuai)。

交通方(fang)式(shi):市區居民可(ke)以從青島火車站(zhan)、輪渡碼頭(tou)、前海(hai)、中山公園及青島市政(zheng)府(fu)一(yi)帶去嶗山,可(ke)沿香港路或東海(hai)路至石老人(ren),接湛流干路到達嶗山南麓(lu)的(de)門戶沙子口,由沙子口進入山區。

背景介紹:由中國國際茶文化研究會、中國茶葉流通協會、山東省茶文化協會、青島市人民政府主辦,青島市嶗山區人民政府承辦的國際茶文化研討會暨嶗山國際茶文化節被譽為“茶屆奧林匹克”。不斷擴大文化影響力,是一個區域具有長久生命力的根本所在。嶗山之美不僅在于她的山、她的海,更在于她幾千年的文化底蘊。文化與旅游相互融合將產生無窮的魅力和巨大的社會價值。旅游文化節將以重點旅游項目為依托,注重鄉村旅游和文化的融合,深入挖掘嶗山旅游文化資源,加強對非物質文化資源的開發和利用,不斷提升旅游的文化品位。更多>>>

青島民俗村

青(qing)島藏(zang)馬(ma)莊(zhuang)民(min)俗(su)村,位于青(qing)島藏(zang)馬(ma)山國際旅游(you)度假(jia)區(qu),是集民(min)俗(su)表演、手工(gong)作坊、特色(se)小吃(chi)、非物質文化遺產、世紀末(mo)手工(gong)業(ye)、酒吧、民(min)宿客棧等為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)民(min)俗(su)旅游(you)項目,是山東地區(qu)以(yi)民(min)俗(su)文化為(wei)主題的(de)人文景區(qu)。藏(zang)馬(ma)莊(zhuang)民(min)俗(su)村總占地面(mian)積120畝,一(yi)(yi)期(qi)建(jian)成(cheng)8500平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米,,二期(qi)規劃1.5萬平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米。總投資1.1億,一(yi)(yi)期(qi)投資6500萬。

藏馬(ma)莊以(yi)傳統(tong)民(min)間市井文(wen)化(hua)為敘(xu)事線索,以(yi)山(shan)東文(wen)化(hua)作為園區文(wen)脈(mo),薈萃山(shan)東各地特色(se)傳統(tong)人文(wen)風貌,鋪墊深厚文(wen)化(hua)底蘊。通過豐富(fu)的游(you)樂(le)體驗,展示山(shan)東璀璨文(wen)明。走(zou)進藏馬(ma)莊,感受到(dao)的是一(yi)部凝(ning)固的歷史和流動的畫卷。

藏(zang)馬莊以(yi)傳(chuan)統民(min)(min)間(jian)市井文化(hua)為敘事(shi)線(xian)索,在民(min)(min)俗(su)村內(nei)鋪(pu)展(zhan)活(huo)色生香的(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)傳(chuan)統生活(huo)畫卷(juan)(juan)。“一朝(chao)步入畫卷(juan)(juan),一日(ri)夢回(hui)千年(nian)”。藏(zang)馬莊以(yi)傳(chuan)統集(ji)市文化(hua)模式薈萃(cui)齊魯風情,打造(zao)集(ji)民(min)(min)俗(su)表演、手工作坊、特(te)(te)色小吃、非物(wu)質文化(hua)遺產、世紀末手工業、酒吧、民(min)(min)宿客棧等(deng)傳(chuan)統功能(neng)綜合(he)體(ti),打造(zao)文化(hua)功能(neng)的(de)(de)多(duo)元(yuan)化(hua),復合(he)多(duo)樣特(te)(te)色的(de)(de)民(min)(min)俗(su)旅(lv)游產品(pin)。包攬山東,尋找歷(li)史長(chang)河中傳(chuan)統民(min)(min)間(jian)的(de)(de)“那些事(shi)兒(er)”。

2015年(nian)10月(yue)1日(ri),藏(zang)馬莊(zhuang)民俗(su)村(cun)開園(yuan)納客。每年(nian)春(chun)節(jie),藏(zang)馬莊(zhuang)民俗(su)村(cun)都(dou)會(hui)舉行盛(sheng)大的民俗(su)文化廟會(hui)。

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