什么是混聯式混合動力汽車

混聯式混合動力汽車包含了串聯式(shi)(shi)和并聯式(shi)(shi)的特點(dian)。動力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)包括發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，根據助力(li)(li)裝置(zhi)不同(tong)，它又分為(wei)發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)兩種(zhong)動力(li)(li)形式(shi)(shi)。這兩種(zhong)動力(li)(li)單元既可(ke)以單獨(du)驅(qu)動車輛，也可(ke)以共(gong)同(tong)協(xie)作(zuo)。同(tong)時混聯系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由于具有(you)(you)單獨(du)的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，不再像并聯系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)那樣使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使用，因(yin)此發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還可(ke)以與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)共(gong)同(tong)工作(zuo)時對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。混聯系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)各(ge)有(you)(you)一(yi)套(tao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械變(bian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)，通過齒輪系(xi)(xi)或采用行星輪式(shi)(shi)結(jie)構(gou)結(jie)合在(zai)一(yi)起，從(cong)而(er)綜合調節內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間的轉速(su)關系(xi)(xi)。

混聯結構在發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)協同驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛行駛的(de)(de)同時，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)還能(neng)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)為動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，不再(zai)像(xiang)并聯結構中單(dan)一電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)需要身兼兩職(zhi)，并且理論(lun)上它能(neng)夠實現發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式。因此，混聯結構的(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式有，純電(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式、純油模(mo)(mo)(mo)式、混合模(mo)(mo)(mo)式、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式四種。

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混聯式混合動力汽車優缺點

目前用到最多的(de)是(shi)混聯(lian)混動(dong)系統。該結構(gou)的(de)優(you)點是(shi)控(kong)制方便，缺點是(shi)結構(gou)比(bi)較復雜，成本高(gao)。從理論上講，混聯(lian)式混合(he)動(dong)力(li)系統可(ke)以實現串聯(lian)（即增程式）的(de)工作方式。而與并聯(lian)式混合(he)動(dong)力(li)系統相比(bi)，混聯(lian)式動(dong)力(li)系統可(ke)以更加靈(ling)活地根據(ju)工況來調節內燃機的(de)功率輸出(chu)和電機的(de)運轉。

混聯的結構優點和使用優點更加接近于并聯結構車型，但混聯的驅動模式更加豐富，在并聯的混合驅動模式基礎上，加入了充電功能，這意味著發動機和電(dian)動(dong)機全(quan)力驅動(dong)車輛(liang)時也不(bu)用擔心電(dian)量消耗的(de)(de)問題。并且得益于(yu)“ECVT”的(de)(de)加入，使電(dian)動(dong)機和發動(dong)機的(de)(de)配合(he)更(geng)(geng)加默契(qi)，能夠(gou)適應的(de)(de)工況(kuang)更(geng)(geng)多，節(jie)油效果更(geng)(geng)加出色。

不過由(you)于(yu)混聯結(jie)構更加復雜，相(xiang)應(ying)車(che)型(xing)的(de)價格也更高，而且由(you)于(yu)“ECVT”存在技術壟斷(duan)，其(qi)他廠家無法(fa)選(xuan)擇，但是隨(sui)著豐田(tian)專利(li)的(de)到期，相(xiang)信未來將會有更多的(de)混聯車(che)型(xing)推出。