什么是混聯式混合動力汽車

混聯式混合動力汽車包(bao)含了(le)串聯式(shi)和(he)并聯式(shi)的特點。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力系統(tong)(tong)包(bao)括發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)、發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)和(he)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，根據助力裝置不(bu)同(tong)，它又分為(wei)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)為(wei)主和(he)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)為(wei)主兩(liang)種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力形式(shi)。這兩(liang)種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力單元(yuan)既可以單獨(du)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛，也可以共同(tong)協作(zuo)(zuo)。同(tong)時(shi)混聯系統(tong)(tong)由于具(ju)有(you)單獨(du)的發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，不(bu)再像并聯系統(tong)(tong)那樣使用(yong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)使用(yong)，因(yin)此發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)還可以與電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)共同(tong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)對電(dian)池(chi)組進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)。混聯系統(tong)(tong)的內燃機(ji)(ji)系統(tong)(tong)和(he)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)(tong)各(ge)有(you)一(yi)套機(ji)(ji)械(xie)變速機(ji)(ji)構(gou)，通(tong)過齒輪系或采(cai)用(yong)行(xing)星輪式(shi)結構(gou)結合在(zai)一(yi)起，從(cong)而綜合調節內燃機(ji)(ji)與電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間的轉速關系。

混聯結構(gou)在發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)協同(tong)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛行(xing)駛的同(tong)時，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)還能帶動(dong)(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)為動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，不(bu)再(zai)像并聯結構(gou)中單一電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)需要身兼兩(liang)職(zhi)，并且理論(lun)上它能夠實(shi)現發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛的模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。因此，混聯結構(gou)的驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)有，純電(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)、純油(you)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)、混合(he)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)四種。

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混聯式混合動力汽車優缺點

目前用(yong)到(dao)最(zui)多的(de)是混聯(lian)(lian)混動(dong)系統。該結構的(de)優點是控制(zhi)方(fang)便(bian)，缺(que)點是結構比較復雜，成本高。從理論上(shang)講(jiang)，混聯(lian)(lian)式(shi)混合(he)動(dong)力(li)系統可以實現(xian)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)（即增程式(shi)）的(de)工作方(fang)式(shi)。而與并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)式(shi)混合(he)動(dong)力(li)系統相比，混聯(lian)(lian)式(shi)動(dong)力(li)系統可以更加靈活地根據工況來調(diao)節內燃機的(de)功率輸出(chu)和(he)電機的(de)運轉。

混聯的結構優點和使用優點更加接近于并聯結構車型，但混聯的驅動模式更加豐富，在并聯的混合驅動模式基礎上，加入了充電功能，這意味著發動機和(he)電(dian)動(dong)機全力驅動(dong)車(che)輛時也不用擔心電(dian)量消耗的問題。并且(qie)得益于“ECVT”的加(jia)入，使電(dian)動(dong)機和(he)發(fa)動(dong)機的配合更(geng)加(jia)默契，能(neng)夠適應的工(gong)況(kuang)更(geng)多，節油(you)效果更(geng)加(jia)出色。

不(bu)過(guo)由于混聯(lian)(lian)結構更加復(fu)雜，相(xiang)應車型的價格也更高，而且由于“ECVT”存(cun)在技術壟斷，其他廠家無法選擇，但是隨著豐田(tian)專(zhuan)利(li)的到(dao)期，相(xiang)信未來(lai)將會有更多的混聯(lian)(lian)車型推出。