什么是混聯式混合動力汽車

混聯式混合動力汽車包含了(le)串聯(lian)式(shi)和并聯(lian)式(shi)的(de)特(te)點。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)包括發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，根(gen)據助(zhu)力(li)裝置(zhi)不(bu)同，它又分為(wei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)主和電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)主兩(liang)種動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)形(xing)式(shi)。這兩(liang)種動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)單(dan)元(yuan)既可(ke)以(yi)(yi)單(dan)獨(du)(du)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛(liang)，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)共同協(xie)作。同時混聯(lian)系(xi)統(tong)由于具有(you)單(dan)獨(du)(du)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，不(bu)再像(xiang)并聯(lian)系(xi)統(tong)那樣(yang)使(shi)用電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)作為(wei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用，因(yin)此發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)與(yu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)共同工作時對(dui)電(dian)池組進行充電(dian)。混聯(lian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)統(tong)和電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)各有(you)一套機(ji)(ji)(ji)械變速機(ji)(ji)(ji)構，通過齒輪(lun)系(xi)或采用行星輪(lun)式(shi)結構結合在一起，從而綜(zong)合調(diao)節(jie)內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間的(de)轉速關(guan)系(xi)。

混(hun)聯(lian)結構(gou)在發動(dong)機和電(dian)動(dong)機協同驅動(dong)車輛(liang)行駛的同時(shi)，發動(dong)機還能帶動(dong)發電(dian)機為動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池充電(dian)，不再像并聯(lian)結構(gou)中(zhong)單一電(dian)動(dong)機需(xu)要身兼兩職，并且理論上它能夠實現發動(dong)機帶動(dong)發電(dian)機發電(dian)，電(dian)動(dong)機驅動(dong)車輛(liang)的模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)。因此，混(hun)聯(lian)結構(gou)的驅動(dong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)有，純電(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)、純油(you)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)、混(hun)合模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)、充電(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)四(si)種(zhong)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"小英"提供，版權聲明反饋

混聯式混合動力汽車優缺點

目(mu)前(qian)用到最多的(de)是(shi)混(hun)聯(lian)混(hun)動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)。該結(jie)構的(de)優點是(shi)控(kong)制方(fang)便，缺點是(shi)結(jie)構比較復雜，成(cheng)本高(gao)。從理論(lun)上講，混(hun)聯(lian)式(shi)(shi)混(hun)合(he)動(dong)力系(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以實現串(chuan)聯(lian)（即增(zeng)程式(shi)(shi)）的(de)工(gong)作方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。而(er)與并聯(lian)式(shi)(shi)混(hun)合(he)動(dong)力系(xi)統(tong)相(xiang)比，混(hun)聯(lian)式(shi)(shi)動(dong)力系(xi)統(tong)可(ke)以更加(jia)靈活地根據工(gong)況來調節內(nei)燃機的(de)功率(lv)輸出和電機的(de)運轉。

混聯的結構優點和使用優點更加接近于并聯結構車型，但混聯的驅動模式更加豐富，在并聯的混合驅動模式基礎上，加入了充電功能，這意味著發動機和(he)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機全力驅動(dong)車(che)輛時也(ye)不(bu)用(yong)擔心電(dian)(dian)量消耗的問題(ti)。并且得益于(yu)“ECVT”的加(jia)入，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機和(he)發(fa)動(dong)機的配(pei)合更加(jia)默契，能(neng)夠適應的工況更多，節油效果更加(jia)出色。

不(bu)過由(you)于(yu)(yu)混(hun)聯(lian)結構(gou)更加復雜，相(xiang)應車(che)型的(de)(de)價格也更高，而且由(you)于(yu)(yu)“ECVT”存在技術壟斷，其他廠家無法選擇，但是隨著豐田(tian)專利的(de)(de)到期，相(xiang)信未來(lai)將會(hui)有更多(duo)的(de)(de)混(hun)聯(lian)車(che)型推出(chu)。