一、純電動汽車是什么意思

純電動汽車是指由電(dian)機驅動(dong)，且驅動(dong)電(dian)能來源于車(che)(che)載可充電(dian)能量儲(chu)存系統（REESS）的(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)。純電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)是指以車(che)(che)載電(dian)源為動(dong)力，用(yong)電(dian)機驅動(dong)車(che)(che)輪行(xing)駛，符(fu)合道(dao)路(lu)交(jiao)通、安全法規(gui)各項要(yao)求的(de)車(che)(che)輛。由于對環(huan)境(jing)影響相對傳統汽(qi)車(che)(che)較小，其前(qian)景被廣泛看好，但當(dang)前(qian)技術尚不成熟。

純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車（Battery Electric Vehicle，簡稱(cheng)BEV），它(ta)是(shi)完全由可充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)（如鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)或鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)）提(ti)供(gong)動(dong)力(li)源的(de)汽車。雖(sui)然它(ta)已有186年(nian)的(de)悠久歷史(shi)，但一直僅限于某(mou)些特定范圍內(nei)應用，市場(chang)較小。主要(yao)原因(yin)是(shi)由于各種類(lei)別(bie)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)普遍存在價格高、壽命短、外形尺寸和重量(liang)大、充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長等不足。

二、純電動汽車的基本結構和原理

純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車由(you)車載電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，電(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輔助設施，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)，控制器，底(di)盤(pan)，車身七部分(fen)組成，按照傳統(tong)汽(qi)車的結構(gou)劃分(fen)，也可以(yi)將純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)，底(di)盤(pan)，車身和電(dian)(dian)氣四部分(fen)。

1、電動機

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)動(dong)力裝(zhuang)置，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)心臟，它(ta)是依(yi)據電(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應原理實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)換(huan)一種電(dian)(dian)磁裝(zhuang)置，它(ta)的(de)主要作用是產(chan)生旋轉(zhuan)遠動(dong)，作為用電(dian)(dian)設備或各種機械(xie)的(de)動(dong)力源(yuan)。

2、發電機

發電(dian)(dian)機的(de)主要作用(yong)是將(jiang)機械(xie)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，在電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)上(shang)起能(neng)量回(hui)收的(de)作用(yong)。

3、冷卻系統

冷(leng)卻系統通常(chang)由散(san)(san)熱(re)器，水泵，風扇，節溫器，冷(leng)卻液溫度表等組(zu)成(cheng)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機采(cai)用(yong)兩(liang)種方式散(san)(san)熱(re)，空氣冷(leng)卻和水冷(leng)卻，通常(chang)的電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)多采(cai)用(yong)水冷(leng)。

4、傳動系統

因為(wei)電動汽車(che)具有良(liang)好的牽引特(te)性，所以不需要離合器和變速(su)箱，車(che)速(su)控(kong)制(zhi)由(you)控(kong)制(zhi)器通過調速(su)系統(tong)改變電動機(ji)的轉速(su)就可以實現。

5、行駛系統

也就是底盤，和燃油車相似，主要包括車架，車橋，車輪，和懸架等(deng)，電動汽車行駛系統的(de)作用是接收電動機經傳動系統傳來的(de)轉矩，并通過驅動輪和路面間的(de)附著作用，產生路面對汽車的(de)牽(qian)引力(li)，以確保正(zheng)常(chang)行駛。

6、蓄電池

蓄電池池的作用就是給電動機提供用電，為了滿足電動汽車對高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)需(xu)求，通常(chang)由多個12V或24V的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串，并聯形成的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)作為動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)源(yuan)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)組(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是155V~400V，以周期性的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)是純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)關鍵裝備，它儲存的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能及其自身的(de)(de)重量和體(ti)積(ji)對純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)性能起決(jue)定性的(de)(de)作用。