一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉(xi)汽車的(de)朋友對ESP（車身(shen)電子穩(wen)定系(xi)統(tong)(tong)）、ABS（防抱死制動系(xi)統(tong)(tong)）、TCS（牽(qian)引(yin)力控制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)）等車載(zai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)不(bu)會感到陌生，在(zai)新能源車上還(huan)有(you)一(yi)個非常(chang)重要的(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，它(ta)就是BMS（電池管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)），它(ta)又叫電池管家，那么它(ta)有(you)什么作用呢？

據(ju)(ju)了解，新能源(yuan)汽車(che)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)家是一個很(hen)龐大的(de)(de)軟硬件集合體(ti)，包括傳感器、中央(yang)處理器、執(zhi)行(xing)機(ji)構等，它的(de)(de)作用主要是采(cai)集動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、溫(wen)度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，然后分析數(shu)據(ju)(ju)狀態和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用環境，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)進行(xing)監測和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)，從而保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組在(zai)安全的(de)(de)工作區(qu)間(jian)內，提(ti)供車(che)輛控(kong)制(zhi)所需的(de)(de)必需信息，在(zai)出現(xian)異常時(shi)及時(shi)響(xiang)應并進行(xing)處理，它也(ye)會根據(ju)(ju)環境溫(wen)度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀態及車(che)輛需求等決定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率等。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電池管理系統(tong)是對電池進行監控與控制的系統(tong)，將采集的電池信(xin)息實時反饋給用戶(hu)，同(tong)時根據采集的信(xin)息調節參數，充分發揮電池的性能，其(qi)功能主(zhu)要有(you)：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)池狀(zhuang)態分(fen)析(xi)最常見的一種就是(shi)(shi)動(dong)力電(dian)池系(xi)統荷電(dian)狀(zhuang)態（SOC）估(gu)算，SOC其實(shi)指的就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)池剩余電(dian)量(liang)和電(dian)池容量(liang)的百(bai)分(fen)比。

SOC估算(suan)是BMS的(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)功能，同時(shi)也(ye)是評(ping)估電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)續(xu)航里(li)程(cheng)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)參數。BMS通過遍布整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)包的(de)(de)傳感器檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)參數（電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫(wen)度等）信息，有的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓傳感器精度非常高，1mv的(de)(de)變化都(dou)可以被(bei)識別(bie)出來(lai)，由于探測的(de)(de)信息準確(que)外(wai)加優秀的(de)(de)算(suan)法(fa)處理，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)就可以被(bei)非常準確(que)的(de)(de)計算(suan)出來(lai)。

在日常用車(che)(che)過程中，車(che)(che)主可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過中控屏自主設置SOC，SOC目(mu)標(biao)值可(ke)以(yi)(yi)理解成車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)量平衡的目(mu)標(biao)值。當車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)量高(gao)于(yu)設置值時(shi)(shi)，系統動力(li)分配(pei)會優先用電(dian)(dian)，降低能(neng)耗；當車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)量低于(yu)設置值時(shi)(shi)，車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)行駛(shi)時(shi)(shi)會有一部分動力(li)用于(yu)發電(dian)(dian)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)量上(shang)升，以(yi)(yi)保證(zheng)用電(dian)(dian)需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)溫度過高或(huo)者過低都會影響(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)活性，甚至會造成不可逆的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理損(sun)傷，最(zui)終影響(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)壽命，而BMS能夠為電(dian)(dian)池營造良好的(de)(de)(de)運行環(huan)境。比如在寒冷的(de)(de)(de)地區(qu)，電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效率降低，這(zhe)個時候BMS會調用加(jia)熱(re)系(xi)統來(lai)讓電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)升溫使(shi)其達到舒適的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)環(huan)境；如果在夏季或(huo)者是電(dian)(dian)池發(fa)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)情況下，BMS會調用冷卻系(xi)統為電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)降溫，利用智能溫控系(xi)統大(da)大(da)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會(hui)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的單體最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最高總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最高溫度、當(dang)(dang)前(qian)允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以及當(dang)(dang)前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等信息(xi)與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進(jin)行交互，從而使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統按(an)照適(shi)配(pei)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)量處(chu)于(yu)高位后，BMS會(hui)限(xian)制充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，進(jin)入到“涓流模式(shi)”（使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正(zheng)飽和、延長使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)），直到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結(jie)束最后斷開連(lian)接。

此(ci)外，BMS還(huan)會(hui)起到(dao)“均(jun)衡管理”的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，減小電(dian)池單體之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)差，從而保證電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一致(zhi)性(xing)。這是因為電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)由于先天因素或者(zhe)工作溫度不(bu)一致(zhi)，導致(zhi)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)各(ge)有(you)不(bu)同(tong)，所以在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)容量會(hui)出現不(bu)一致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，比如有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)已經充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)了(le)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卻(que)還(huan)沒有(you)充(chong)(chong)滿。BMS系統可以起到(dao)調節(jie)作用，使電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)幾乎可以同(tong)時(shi)完成(cheng)，比如通過旁路電(dian)阻給(gei)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)放電(dian)，使其達(da)到(dao)和其他電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，最(zui)終達(da)到(dao)整體均(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能(neng)對故障(zhang)信息進(jin)行分析，通過相關(guan)策(ce)略對電池系統(tong)進(jin)行保(bao)護和控制，同時讓(rang)故障(zhang)燈(deng)點亮以便(bian)提醒車(che)主。

5、故障診斷

除了通信功能(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)起(qi)到故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診(zhen)斷的功能(neng)。BMS會(hui)根據電(dian)(dian)芯參(can)數(shu)和電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統功能(neng)制定(ding)相應(ying)的故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)閾(yu)值(zhi)表(biao)，BMS通過故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)閾(yu)值(zhi)表(biao)對電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統進行保護并上報故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)類型，方便后(hou)期(qi)的故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)排查以及(ji)檢修維(wei)護。