一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車的朋(peng)友對ESP（車身電子穩(wen)定系統）、ABS（防抱死制動系統）、TCS（牽引力控制系統）等車載系統不會(hui)感(gan)到陌(mo)生，在新能源車上還(huan)有一個(ge)非常重要的系統，它就是BMS（電池管(guan)理(li)系統），它又叫(jiao)電池管(guan)家，那(nei)么它有什么作用呢(ni)？

據了解，新(xin)能源汽車(che)上的電(dian)(dian)池管家是一(yi)個很(hen)龐大的軟硬件集合體，包(bao)括傳感(gan)器、中央處理器、執行(xing)機構等(deng)，它(ta)的作用主要是采集動力電(dian)(dian)池系統的電(dian)(dian)壓、溫度、電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)阻等(deng)數據，然(ran)后分析數據狀態和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)池使用環境(jing)，對電(dian)(dian)池系統充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過程進行(xing)監測(ce)和(he)(he)控制，從而保證電(dian)(dian)池組在安全的工作區間內，提(ti)供車(che)輛控制所需的必(bi)需信息，在出現(xian)異常時及(ji)時響應并(bing)進行(xing)處理，它(ta)也會根據環境(jing)溫度、電(dian)(dian)池狀態及(ji)車(che)輛需求等(deng)決(jue)定電(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)功率等(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電池管理(li)系統是對電池進行監控與控制的系統，將采(cai)集的電池信息(xi)(xi)實時反饋給(gei)用戶，同時根據采(cai)集的信息(xi)(xi)調(diao)節(jie)參數，充分發揮電池的性能(neng)，其功能(neng)主要有：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)池狀態分(fen)析(xi)最常見的(de)一種就是動力電(dian)池系(xi)統荷電(dian)狀態（SOC）估算(suan)，SOC其實指的(de)就是電(dian)池剩余電(dian)量和(he)電(dian)池容量的(de)百分(fen)比。

SOC估算(suan)(suan)是(shi)BMS的(de)(de)核心功(gong)能，同時也(ye)是(shi)評(ping)估電(dian)(dian)動車續航(hang)里程的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)參數。BMS通過遍布整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)包的(de)(de)傳感器(qi)檢測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)參數（電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和溫度(du)等）信(xin)息(xi)，有的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓傳感器(qi)精度(du)非(fei)常高(gao)，1mv的(de)(de)變化都(dou)可以(yi)被(bei)識別(bie)出(chu)來(lai)，由于(yu)探測的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)準(zhun)確外加(jia)優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)算(suan)(suan)法處理，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)量就(jiu)可以(yi)被(bei)非(fei)常準(zhun)確的(de)(de)計算(suan)(suan)出(chu)來(lai)。

在(zai)日常用車過(guo)程中，車主可以(yi)通過(guo)中控(kong)屏自主設置(zhi)(zhi)SOC，SOC目標值(zhi)可以(yi)理解(jie)成車輛(liang)(liang)電量(liang)平衡(heng)的目標值(zhi)。當車輛(liang)(liang)電量(liang)高于(yu)設置(zhi)(zhi)值(zhi)時(shi)，系統動(dong)力分配(pei)會優先用電，降低能耗；當車輛(liang)(liang)電量(liang)低于(yu)設置(zhi)(zhi)值(zhi)時(shi)，車輛(liang)(liang)行(xing)駛時(shi)會有一部分動(dong)力用于(yu)發電使(shi)電量(liang)上升，以(yi)保證用電需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度過(guo)高或(huo)者(zhe)過(guo)低(di)都會(hui)(hui)影響電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)活性，甚(shen)至會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成不可逆的(de)(de)物理損傷，最終影響電(dian)芯(xin)壽命，而BMS能(neng)夠為(wei)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)營造(zao)良好的(de)(de)運行環(huan)境(jing)。比如(ru)在寒冷的(de)(de)地區，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)效(xiao)率降低(di)，這個時(shi)候BMS會(hui)(hui)調用(yong)(yong)加(jia)熱系(xi)統來讓電(dian)芯(xin)升溫(wen)使(shi)(shi)其達(da)到舒適的(de)(de)充電(dian)環(huan)境(jing)；如(ru)果(guo)在夏季或(huo)者(zhe)是電(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)熱的(de)(de)情況下，BMS會(hui)(hui)調用(yong)(yong)冷卻系(xi)統為(wei)電(dian)芯(xin)降溫(wen)，利用(yong)(yong)智能(neng)溫(wen)控系(xi)統大大提高電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的單體最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、最(zui)高總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、最(zui)高溫度、當前(qian)允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以及當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等信息與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)進行(xing)交互，從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統按(an)照適配的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)處于高位后，BMS會限制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進入到“涓(juan)流模式”（使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正(zheng)飽和、延長使用壽命(ming)），直到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結束(shu)最(zui)后斷開連接(jie)。

此外，BMS還會起(qi)到(dao)“均(jun)衡管理”的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單(dan)體之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差，從而(er)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)性(xing)。這(zhe)是(shi)因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)由于先天因素或者工作溫度不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓各有(you)不(bu)(bu)同，所以(yi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會出現不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，比如(ru)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)已經充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卻還沒有(you)充滿。BMS系統可以(yi)起(qi)到(dao)調(diao)節作用，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可以(yi)同時完成，比如(ru)通過(guo)旁(pang)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其(qi)(qi)達(da)到(dao)和其(qi)(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，最終達(da)到(dao)整(zheng)體均(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對故障信(xin)息進行分析，通過(guo)相關策略對電池系統進行保護和(he)控(kong)制，同時讓(rang)故障燈點亮以便提醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除了通(tong)信功能(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)起到故(gu)(gu)(gu)障診斷的功能(neng)。BMS會根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)芯參數和電(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)功能(neng)制(zhi)定相(xiang)應(ying)的故(gu)(gu)(gu)障閾值表(biao)，BMS通(tong)過故(gu)(gu)(gu)障閾值表(biao)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)進行保護并上報(bao)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障類型，方便(bian)后期的故(gu)(gu)(gu)障排查以及檢修(xiu)維(wei)護。