一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新能源汽車發展越(yue)來越(yue)快，但人(ren)們對(dui)于動(dong)力電池(chi)的(de)安全性(xing)一直非常在(zai)意，誰都不希望自己花錢買來的(de)電動(dong)汽車存在(zai)極大的(de)安全風險(xian)，電池(chi)保護系統就(jiu)是為了(le)保護電池(chi)而設計的(de)，俗(su)稱電池(chi)保姆。

電池管理系統對(dui)于電池的保護(hu)，主(zhu)要是(shi)通過下(xia)面兩(liang)種方式實(shi)現的：

1、電(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系統實時監控每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池單元的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流和(he)溫度，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)精確的(de)(de)數據監測來(lai)確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)池工作在設計的(de)(de)安全參數范圍內。當任何關鍵指(zhi)標達到(dao)或(huo)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)預設閾值(zhi)時，BMS會立即采取應對措施，例如切斷電(dian)(dian)源或(huo)降低電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)速(su)率，從而避免電(dian)(dian)池過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱、過(guo)(guo)(guo)充或(huo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)放(fang)，預防可能導致的(de)(de)損壞(huai)甚至(zhi)安全事故。

2、BMS電(dian)池管理系(xi)統具(ju)備強大的故障(zhang)檢(jian)測和(he)診斷功能，它可(ke)以即時(shi)(shi)識別(bie)出電(dian)池系(xi)統中的異常(chang)行為，如電(dian)壓不穩、電(dian)流異常(chang)或是溫度突變等，并向駕駛員或維修人員發送警報，這些及時(shi)(shi)的反(fan)饋可(ke)以幫(bang)助迅速解決潛在(zai)的問題，從而保(bao)障(zhang)用戶(hu)的行車安(an)全。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電池(chi)保姆對電池(chi)的保護(hu)是它(ta)的主(zhu)要功能(neng)之一，一般電池(chi)管(guan)理系統(tong)主(zhu)要有四大保護(hu)功能(neng)：

1、過充保護

過充保護(hu)是(shi)指鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的升高到(dao)超出合理范圍后，會帶(dai)來不(bu)確定的危險(xian)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系(xi)統的過充保護(hu)功能就(jiu)是(shi)實時監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當(dang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)安全(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍頂點時，就(jiu)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的繼續升高，從而(er)起到(dao)保護(hu)作用。

新(xin)能源汽車充(chong)電(dian)時，電(dian)池管理(li)系統會實時監(jian)測電(dian)池組的每串電(dian)壓(ya)，只要有其中一串電(dian)壓(ya)到達過充(chong)保護值(zhi)（三(san)元(yuan)的過充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)默認為4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰的過充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)默認為3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)池管理(li)系統就會切斷電(dian)源，整(zheng)組鋰電(dian)池都停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)。

2、過放保護

過放保護(hu)是指(zhi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過程中，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的下降(jiang)，如(ru)果把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)部放完耗盡(jin)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部的化學材料(liao)就會失去活性，導致充不進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或容(rong)量下降(jiang)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統的過放保護(hu)功能就是實時(shi)(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，當(dang)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓最(zui)低點時(shi)(shi)，就切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防(fang)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的繼續下降(jiang)，從而起到(dao)保護(hu)作(zuo)用。

新能源汽車放電時，電池管理(li)(li)系統(tong)會實時監測電池組(zu)的(de)(de)每串電壓，只(zhi)要(yao)有其中一(yi)串電壓到(dao)達(da)過放保護值（三(san)元的(de)(de)過放電壓默認為2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰的(de)(de)過放電壓默認為2.2V±0.1V），電池管理(li)(li)系統(tong)就(jiu)會切斷電源，整(zheng)組(zu)鋰電池都停止放電。

3、過流保護

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)給負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和功率的變化(hua)而變化(hua)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)大時(shi)，容易燒壞保(bao)護板(ban)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或設備。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統的過流(liu)保(bao)護功能就是充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的過程(cheng)中(zhong)實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超過安全范(fan)圍內時(shi)，就切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的經(jing)過，防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或設備，從而起(qi)到保(bao)護作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會(hui)實(shi)時監測電(dian)池(chi)組電(dian)流，只(zhi)要到達(da)了設定的(de)過(guo)流保(bao)護值(zhi)，電(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統就會(hui)切斷電(dian)源，整(zheng)組鋰電(dian)池(chi)都(dou)停止充放電(dian)。

4、溫度保護

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統的硬件保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)的溫控探頭是焊接到(dao)(dao)保護(hu)(hu)板(ban)內部主板(ban)的，不可(ke)拔插。溫控探頭能實(shi)時(shi)監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)或工作(zuo)環境的溫度(du)變化，當監測(ce)到(dao)(dao)溫度(du)超出設定的值（硬件的溫控保護(hu)(hu)默認：充電(dian)(dian)-20~55℃，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)-40~75℃，可(ke)根據客(ke)戶的要求更改，客(ke)戶不能自行設置）時(shi)，斷開電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，當溫度(du)恢復指(zhi)合理范圍后(hou)，才可(ke)繼(ji)續(xu)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，起(qi)到(dao)(dao)保護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用。