一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的
新能(neng)源汽車(che)發展越來(lai)越快(kuai),但(dan)人們對于動力電池的(de)安(an)全(quan)性一直(zhi)非(fei)常在意,誰都不希望自己(ji)花(hua)錢(qian)買來(lai)的(de)電動汽車(che)存(cun)在極大的(de)安(an)全(quan)風險,電池保(bao)護系(xi)統就是(shi)為了保(bao)護電池而設計的(de),俗稱(cheng)電池保(bao)姆。
電池管理系統對于(yu)電池(chi)的保護(hu),主要(yao)是(shi)通過下(xia)面兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)式實現的:
1、電(dian)池管理(li)系(xi)統實時(shi)監控每(mei)個電(dian)池單(dan)元(yuan)的(de)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流和溫度,通過精確(que)(que)的(de)數據監測來確(que)(que)保電(dian)池工(gong)作在設(she)計的(de)安全參數范(fan)圍內。當(dang)任(ren)何(he)關鍵指標達到或超過預設(she)閾值(zhi)時(shi),BMS會立即采取應(ying)對(dui)措施(shi),例如(ru)切(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan)或降低電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)速率,從而(er)避(bi)免電(dian)池過熱、過充或過放(fang),預防可能導致的(de)損(sun)壞甚至安全事故(gu)。
2、BMS電(dian)池管理系統(tong)具備(bei)強大的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障檢測(ce)和診斷功能,它可以即時(shi)識別出電(dian)池系統(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)異(yi)(yi)常行為,如電(dian)壓不穩(wen)、電(dian)流(liu)異(yi)(yi)常或是溫(wen)度(du)突變等,并向(xiang)駕(jia)駛員或維修(xiu)人員發送警報,這些及時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)反饋(kui)可以幫(bang)助迅(xun)速解決潛(qian)在的(de)(de)(de)問題,從而保障用戶的(de)(de)(de)行車安全。
二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種
電(dian)池保姆(mu)對電(dian)池的保護是它的主(zhu)要(yao)功(gong)能之一(yi),一(yi)般電(dian)池管理系統主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)四大保護功(gong)能:
1、過充保護
過(guo)充(chong)保護是(shi)指鋰電(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中,隨著電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)升(sheng)高到超出合理范圍(wei)后(hou),會帶(dai)來不確定的(de)(de)危險。而電(dian)(dian)池管理系統的(de)(de)過(guo)充(chong)保護功(gong)能就(jiu)是(shi)實時監測電(dian)(dian)池組的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)到安全電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍(wei)頂點(dian)時,就(jiu)切斷電(dian)(dian)源,防止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)繼續升(sheng)高,從而起到保護作用。
新(xin)能(neng)源汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統(tong)會實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)每串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),只要有其中一(yi)串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到達(da)過充保護(hu)值(三元(yuan)的(de)過充電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認為4.25V±0.05V,鐵鋰(li)的(de)過充電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認為3.75V±0.05V),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統(tong)就會切斷電(dian)(dian)源,整組(zu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都(dou)停止(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)。
2、過放保護
過放保護(hu)是指(zhi)鋰電(dian)池在放電(dian)的(de)(de)過程中,隨(sui)著電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)下(xia)降(jiang),如果(guo)把電(dian)全部放完耗(hao)盡,鋰電(dian)池內部的(de)(de)化學材(cai)料就(jiu)會失去(qu)活性,導致(zhi)充(chong)不進電(dian)或(huo)容量下(xia)降(jiang)。而電(dian)池管理系統的(de)(de)過放保護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)就(jiu)是實(shi)時監測電(dian)池組(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya),當放電(dian)到(dao)電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)最低(di)點時,就(jiu)切斷電(dian)源,防(fang)止電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)繼續下(xia)降(jiang),從而起(qi)到(dao)保護(hu)作用。
新(xin)能源(yuan)汽車放(fang)電(dian)時(shi),電(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)統會實時(shi)監測電(dian)池(chi)組的每串電(dian)壓,只要有其中一串電(dian)壓到達過(guo)(guo)放(fang)保護值(三元的過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)壓默認(ren)為2.7V±0.1V,鐵鋰的過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)壓默認(ren)為2.2V±0.1V),電(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)統就會切(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan),整組鋰電(dian)池(chi)都停(ting)止放(fang)電(dian)。
3、過流保護
鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在給(gei)負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)會隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和功率的變(bian)化而變(bian)化,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)很大時(shi)(shi),容易(yi)燒壞(huai)(huai)保護(hu)(hu)板、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或(huo)設(she)(she)備(bei)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統的過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保護(hu)(hu)功能就是充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的過(guo)程(cheng)中實時(shi)(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu),當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)超過(guo)安全(quan)范(fan)圍內(nei)時(shi)(shi),就切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的經(jing)過(guo),防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大損壞(huai)(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或(huo)設(she)(she)備(bei),從而起(qi)到保護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。
新能源汽車充放電時,電池管理系統會實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),只要到達了設定的過流(liu)(liu)保護值,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系(xi)統就會切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源,整(zheng)組(zu)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都停(ting)止充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
4、溫度保護
電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統(tong)的(de)硬件(jian)(jian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)探頭是(shi)焊接到(dao)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)板(ban)內(nei)部主板(ban)的(de),不(bu)可拔插。溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)探頭能實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組或(huo)工(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)變化,當監測到(dao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)超出(chu)設定的(de)值(硬件(jian)(jian)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)默認:充電(dian)(dian)-20~55℃,放(fang)電(dian)(dian)-40~75℃,可根據(ju)客戶的(de)要求更(geng)改,客戶不(bu)能自行(xing)設置)時(shi),斷開電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian),當溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恢復指合(he)理(li)范圍后,才可繼續充放(fang)電(dian)(dian),起到(dao)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用。