一、電動推桿是干什么用的
電(dian)動推桿(gan)又名(ming)直線(xian)驅動器,主要是(shi)由電(dian)機推桿(gan)和控制裝(zhuang)置等機構組成的一種(zhong)新型(xing)直線(xian)執行(xing)機構,可以認(ren)為是(shi)旋轉電(dian)機在(zai)結(jie)構方面(mian)的一種(zhong)延(yan)伸。
電動(dong)推桿是一種(zhong)將(jiang)電動(dong)機(ji)的旋轉(zhuan)運動(dong)轉(zhuan)變(bian)為推桿的直線往復運動(dong)的電力驅動(dong)裝置。可用于各種(zhong)簡單或復雜的工藝(yi)流(liu)程中做為執行(xing)機(ji)械使用,以實現遠距離控制(zhi)、集中控制(zhi)或自動(dong)控制(zhi)。多用于家用電器(qi)、廚(chu)具、醫(yi)療器(qi)械、汽車(che)等行(xing)業(ye)的運動(dong)驅動(dong)單元。
二、電動推桿結構
電動推桿(gan)由(you)驅動電機、減速齒輪、螺(luo)桿(gan)、螺(luo)母、導套、推桿(gan)、滑座、彈簧(huang)、外殼及渦輪、微動控制開關(guan)等(deng)組成(cheng)。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)推桿(gan)是一種新型的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)執行(xing)機構(gou),電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)推桿(gan)主要(yao)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、推桿(gan)和控制裝置(zhi)等機構(gou)組成的(de)一種新型直線執行(xing)機構(gou),可以實現(xian)遠(yuan)距離控制、集中控制。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)推桿(gan)在一定(ding)范(fan)圍行(xing)程內作(zuo)往返(fan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong),一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)推桿(gan)標準行(xing)程在,100,150,200,250,300,350,400mm,特殊行(xing)程也可根(gen)據不同應用條件要(yao)求設計定(ding)做(zuo)。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)推(tui)桿(gan)可以根據(ju)不同(tong)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)負(fu)荷而設計不同(tong)推(tui)力(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)推(tui)桿(gan),一般其最大推(tui)力(li)可達(da)6000N,空載運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)速度(du)(du)為4mm~35mm/s,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)推(tui)桿(gan)以24V/12V直流(liu)永磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)為動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)源(yuan),把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)旋轉(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為直線(xian)往(wang)復運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一組(zu)連(lian)桿(gan)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)來(lai)(lai)完成風門、閥(fa)門、閘門、擋板等(deng)(deng)切換工作(zuo)。采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)推(tui)桿(gan)作(zuo)為執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)不僅可減少(shao)采(cai)用(yong)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)所(suo)需的(de)氣(qi)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和(he)輔助設備,也可減少(shao)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)重量。氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個控(kong)制(zhi)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)過程中都需要(yao)有(you)一定的(de)氣(qi)壓,雖然可采(cai)用(yong)消耗量小的(de)放大器等(deng)(deng),但日積月累,耗氣(qi)量仍是巨大的(de)。采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)推(tui)桿(gan)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou),在(zai)(zai)改變控(kong)制(zhi)開度(du)(du)時,需要(yao)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)(zai)達(da)到所(suo)需開度(du)(du)時就可不再供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),因此從節能(neng)看,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)推(tui)桿(gan)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)比氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)明顯節能(neng)優(you)點(dian)。適用(yong)于遠距離(li)操縱而廣泛用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)、化(hua)工、冶金、礦(kuang)山、輕工、交通、船(chuan)舶等(deng)(deng)部門的(de)風門、閥(fa)門、閘門等(deng)(deng)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)啟(qi)閉、物(wu)料裝(zhuang)卸、流(liu)量控(kong)制(zhi)等(deng)(deng)。現已(yi)被越來(lai)(lai)越多(duo)的(de)部門用(yong)它來(lai)(lai)代替機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)手、液壓閥(fa)、減速傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。
三、電動推桿工作原理
電動(dong)(dong)機經齒(chi)輪(lun)或蝸輪(lun)蝸桿減速(su)后,帶動(dong)(dong)一對絲桿螺母(mu)。把電機的旋(xuan)轉運動(dong)(dong)變成直線運動(dong)(dong),利用電動(dong)(dong)機正(zheng)反轉完(wan)成推(tui)桿動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)。如通過各種杠桿、搖桿或連(lian)桿等(deng)機構可(ke)完(wan)成轉動(dong)(dong)、搖動(dong)(dong)等(deng)復雜動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)。通過改變杠桿力臂長度,可(ke)以增大或減小行程。
行程控制裝置:
1、蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿傳(chuan)動(dong)形式:電(dian)機齒輪上的蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿帶動(dong)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪轉(zhuan)動(dong),使蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪內的小(xiao)絲(si)桿作軸向移(yi)動(dong),由連接板帶動(dong)限位桿相(xiang)應作軸向移(yi)動(dong),至所(suo)需行(xing)程(cheng)時,通過調節限位塊(kuai)壓下行(xing)程(cheng)開(kai)關斷電(dian),電(dian)動(dong)機停止運轉(zhuan)(正反控制相(xiang)同)。
2、齒(chi)輪傳(chuan)動(dong)形(xing)式(shi):電(dian)機通(tong)過減速齒(chi)輪后帶動(dong)安裝于內管的小絲桿,帶動(dong)與之(zhi)連接一起的做軸(zhou)向運(yun)行(xing)螺(luo)母,至(zhi)所設(she)定的行(xing)程時螺(luo)母觸角壓住限位開(kai)(kai)關斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)電(dian)源,電(dian)機停止運(yun)動(dong)(反向與之(zhi)相(xiang)同(tong))。
可(ke)選配電位器,用以顯示推桿運行(xing)的行(xing)程狀態,還(huan)可(ke)加(jia)配編碼器,來(lai)實現分(fen)幾步走完整個行(xing)程(即走走停(ting)停(ting))。
四、電動推桿如何選型
如果想選(xuan)擇合(he)適的電動推(tui)桿,值得特別注意以下(xia)幾點:
1、客戶使用環境,達到目的
看看你自己對電動(dong)推(tui)桿的要(yao)求,這是(shi)根據客戶不同(tong)的情況決定的。
2、推力N
每一個 品牌電動推桿的推力(li)都不(bu)(bu)一樣,還是(shi)要(yao)根(gen)據(ju)自(zi)己需要(yao)來選(xuan)擇不(bu)(bu)同的推力(li),1KG=9.8N。四舍五(wu)入10N=1kg往往很多客戶不(bu)(bu)會計算(suan)公式,可能會買錯型號。
3、行程mm
電動(dong)推桿的行程mm。是你需要的直線傳動(dong)距(ju)離。
4、速度mm/s
電動推桿的速度mm/s。您需要的傳動速度由mm單位計算。
5、電動推桿的電壓
DC直流(liu)(liu)/交流(liu)(liu),一(yi)般(ban)電動推桿有DC12/24/36/48VDC和交流(liu)(liu)220V供電,必(bi)須要先確(que)定電壓后才(cai)能正(zheng)確(que)選擇型號(hao)。
6、電動推桿的安裝空間
這是(shi)最重(zhong)要(yao)的,一定要(yao)保(bao)證你的安(an)裝空間,一般的電動推桿都是(shi)中(zhong)心(xin)距安(an)裝距離,有多余(yu)的位(wei)置也要(yao)計算出來。
7、電動推桿的使用頻率、壽命、溫度等要求
這些是(shi)由你使用的(de)場合、環境和使用條件決定(ding)的(de)。
廠(chang)家一般會提前(qian)根據客戶(hu)提供的尺寸參(can)數,來(lai)進行加工(gong)或(huo)定制,所以中間(jian)騰(teng)出的時(shi)間(jian)也就是我(wo)們(men)一般所謂(wei)的供貨周期(qi)。因此,在選(xuan)擇電動推桿時(shi),一定要考慮到給廠(chang)家預留一段時(shi)間(jian)的工(gong)期(qi),并(bing)與對方溝通好交貨時(shi)間(jian),盡量避免工(gong)期(qi)延誤。
由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)推(tui)桿(gan)是(shi)與其他設(she)(she)備(bei)配合使用(yong)的(de)輔助設(she)(she)備(bei),所以(yi)在選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)推(tui)桿(gan)之前,一定不(bu)能(neng)本末(mo)倒(dao)置,先去(qu)加(jia)工或設(she)(she)計設(she)(she)備(bei)。而首先要做的(de)是(shi),將電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)推(tui)桿(gan)的(de)尺寸(cun)設(she)(she)計成(cheng)要配合使用(yong)的(de)設(she)(she)備(bei),否則如(ru)果(guo)尺寸(cun)不(bu)一致,要么(me)改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)推(tui)桿(gan)的(de)方案,要么(me)改變(bian)設(she)(she)備(bei),過程會(hui)很(hen)麻(ma)煩(fan)。即使最終安裝(zhuang)完成(cheng),仍然會(hui)影響(xiang)使用(yong)性能(neng)。
還(huan)需要考(kao)慮的是(shi)電動推(tui)桿的使用(yong)頻率(lv),最(zui)常見的是(shi)工(gong)作系(xi)統。一般廠(chang)家(jia)都會標注好型號(hao),但實際上工(gong)作頻率(lv)是(shi)達不到(dao)(dao)的,所以遇到(dao)(dao)價格特別低的電動推(tui)桿要注意,因為它的使用(yong)性能會大(da)大(da)降低。