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瑞麗石斛介紹

瑞麗石斛產自云(yun)南(nan)省(sheng)瑞麗市，石斛是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)蘭科植物，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)名(ming)貴(gui)的(de)中藥(yao)材，有著悠久的(de)歷史和豐富的(de)功效。石斛不(bu)僅可以觀賞，還可以食用和入藥(yao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)值得推薦的(de)養生佳品。

瑞麗石斛特點

石斛喜溫(wen)暖、潮濕、半(ban)陰的環境。其有肥(fei)厚的肉(rou)質(zhi)莖(jing)，呈扁圓(yuan)柱形。葉(xie)片(pian)呈長卵形，革質(zhi)。開白花大(da)花，尖端淡紫色(se)，花期5-6月，果(guo)期7-8月。盆(pen)栽(zai)石斛觀賞(shang)價值高，形體特殊，花色(se)斑(ban)斕(lan)，給人熱(re)烈、亮麗的感覺。

瑞麗石斛種植基地

瑞(rui)麗石斛種質資源圃位(wei)于云南省(sheng)瑞(rui)麗市城北郊(jiao)東經97°85′，北緯24°02′，海拔(ba)780m，年均溫20℃，年降水量(liang)1394.8毫米，屬南亞熱(re)帶季(ji)風性氣候。

瑞麗石斛發展現狀

瑞(rui)麗石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)依(yi)托單位為(wei)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)德(de)宏熱帶農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)學研究所。石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)始建于2000年(nian)，2010年(nian)列入農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)熱帶作物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護項目，2014年(nian)由農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)正式認定并授牌“農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)瑞(rui)麗石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)”，占地面積30畝，石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)分為(wei)四個(ge)功(gong)能區（原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區、保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)區、試驗區和(he)(he)展示區），根據石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)原生境和(he)(he)生長特點，分別采用(yong)與果(guo)樹(shu)附(fu)生栽(zai)培、露天離(li)地栽(zai)培、溫(wen)室(shi)離(li)地栽(zai)培和(he)(he)離(li)體(ti)(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)四種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；有布局科(ke)學合理的(de)(de)道路網絡1000多米、環山水溪600多米，配套(tao)隔離(li)溫(wen)室(shi)20㎡、繁(fan)育(yu)溫(wen)室(shi)1200㎡、氣(qi)象(xiang)觀察站1臺和(he)(he)水肥(fei)一體(ti)(ti)化(hua)灌溉系統(tong)等輔助設施，圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)內(nei)以澳洲堅果(guo)樹(shu)為(wei)主要遮陽系統(tong)、地被多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)(nan)藥植物，構成(cheng)以石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)遺(yi)傳多樣(yang)性為(wei)主的(de)(de)綠色生態系統(tong)，集(ji)(ji)珍稀藥用(yong)植物活體(ti)(ti)標本、科(ke)普(pu)教學示范(fan)為(wei)一體(ti)(ti)。是(shi)國(guo)內(nei)唯一收(shou)集(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)野生石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)最(zui)豐富，管理科(ke)學規范(fan)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)安全穩定、信息交流共享(xiang)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圃(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)之一，為(wei)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)野生資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護和(he)(he)產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展提供(gong)強有力的(de)(de)基礎保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)和(he)(he)技(ji)術支撐。截止2019年(nian)底共收(shou)集(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)209種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)380份。

目前(qian)，利用豐富的野生石斛種質資源，按照其生長習性(xing)進行人(ren)工馴化(hua)和培育(yu)，石斛蘭已成(cheng)為了云南園林特(te)色花卉的新成(cheng)員。