景點介紹
在漳州(zhou)角美鎮青(qing)礁文圃(pu)山(shan)脈岐山(shan)東(dong)鳴嶺(ling)下,又稱慈濟東(dong)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),供(gong)奉宋(song)代民間神醫吳(wu)夲(ben)(979-1036年(nian)(nian),音滔,從大從十(shi))。省(sheng)級文物保護單位(wei)宋(song)仁(ren)宗(zong)景祐(you)三年(nian)(nian)(1036年(nian)(nian)),吳(wu)夲(ben)深入閩南瘟疫流(liu)行地區,拯救萬(wan)民,采藥時不(bu)幸(xing)落崖謝世。當地人民于其(qi)故鄉白(bai)礁村,建“龍湫庵”,雕像祀奉。為(wei)白(bai)礁慈濟宮(gong)(gong)(gong)前身,宋(song)紹興二十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian))建廟(miao),宋(song)孝(xiao)宗(zong)賜廟(miao)號曰“慈濟”;宋(song)淳祐(you)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian))改廟(miao)為(wei)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),青(qing)礁慈濟宮(gong)(gong)(gong)因(yin)方(fang)位(wei)在白(bai)礁慈濟宮(gong)(gong)(gong)東(dong),故名慈濟東(dong)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),明(ming)成祖封吳(wu)夲(ben)為(wei)萬(wan)壽無極保生大帝,民間俗稱大道(dao)公。
宮(gong)(gong)分(fen)五殿(dian),飛檐交錯(cuo)。主殿(dian)有12根(gen)蟠龍(long)(long)(long)大石柱,上(shang)(shang)(shang)刻(ke)蟠龍(long)(long)(long)騰(teng)云、八仙(xian)游山(shan)(shan)(shan)及山(shan)(shan)(shan)川禽獸等(deng),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)對石柱如花(hua)(hua)瓶狀,在福建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)廟建(jian)筑中(zhong)(zhong)難得(de)一(yi)見。宮(gong)(gong)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大幅(fu)青石浮雕上(shang)(shang)(shang)刻(ke)著(zhu)龍(long)(long)(long)虎和(he)(he)隋唐故(gu)事(shi),另兩(liang)幅(fu)石屏上(shang)(shang)(shang)則(ze)雕繪(hui)哪吒鬧海的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)事(shi),梁上(shang)(shang)(shang)木(mu)刻(ke)有獅象龍(long)(long)(long)鳳和(he)(he)奇花(hua)(hua)異卉(hui),雕工精(jing)細,金碧輝煌。彩(cai)畫中(zhong)(zhong)有一(yi)幅(fu)鳳頭(tou)、龍(long)(long)(long)尾、龜(gui)身(shen)、四腳的(de)(de)(de)(de)神物(wu),很是怪異。畫著(zhu)傳說故(gu)事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油彩(cai)畫和(he)(he)黑底(di)描金畫雖歷(li)經滄桑,色(se)彩(cai)依然鮮(xian)明。殿(dian)頂鋪綠色(se)琉(liu)璃瓦,四周環飾著(zhu)彩(cai)陶綴成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各色(se)人物(wu)和(he)(he)12條(tiao)龍(long)(long)(long)。二層閣(ge)樓中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘(zhong)鼓樓,藻井為(wei)木(mu)拱結構,層層疊疊,玲瓏輕巧。樓內(nei)大鐘(zhong)鑄于(yu)清(qing)康熙三十六年(nian)(1697年(nian))。宮(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)還保存著(zhu)康熙、嘉慶、咸豐(feng)、光緒等(deng)朝代的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)修(xiu)碑(bei)記宮(gong)(gong)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)岐山(shan)(shan)(shan),有涼傘樹、“心”字(zi)石、丹井藥泉等(deng)景致。“心”字(zi)石形似人心,“心”字(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)一(yi)點卻放(fang)在底(di)下。
青礁慈濟宮
歷史沿革
該宮始建于南宋(song)紹興二十一年(1151),奉祀北宋(song)著名的(de)民間醫(yi)生吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)(音tāo )。吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)(979~1036),字華基(ji),號云沖(chong),出身于白礁村的(de)貧(pin)苦(ku)農(nong)民家庭,年輕時云游(you)四方,拜師學醫(yi)并選定龍池(chi)巖作為其修道(dao)、煉丹、行(xing)醫(yi)之處。吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)不僅(jin)醫(yi)術高明(ming),且醫(yi)德高尚,治(zhi)病不分貴賤,不取報(bao)酬。宋(song)明(ming)道(dao)二年(1033)漳州(zhou)、泉州(zhou)瘟疫流行(xing),因(yin)吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)義診施藥而得以存活者難(nan)以計數。民間還流傳吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)治(zhi)愈宋(song)仁(ren)宗母后的(de)乳癌,被封(feng)為“妙道(dao)真人(ren)”而揚名四海的(de)事跡(ji)。景祐三年(1036)五月(yue)初(chu)二,吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(ben)在文圃山采藥不幸墜崖而死,時年58歲。
吳(wu)夲逝世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第二(er)年(nian)(nian),即(ji)宋(song)(song)仁(ren)宗景祐(you)四年(nian)(nian)(1037年(nian)(nian)),白礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父(fu)老(lao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)親為(wei)(wei)紀念這位(wei)救死扶傷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名醫(yi),自發籌款在(zai)家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)建“龍湫庵(an)”,庵(an)內(nei)雕塑吳(wu)真人(ren)(ren)形象(xiang),虔誠供(gong)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)。宋(song)(song)紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)二(er)十年(nian)(nian)(1150年(nian)(nian))宋(song)(song)高(gao)宗頒詔(zhao)動支銀庫、遣(qian)使監(jian)工(gong),把(ba)龍湫庵(an)改(gai)(gai)建為(wei)(wei)一(yi)座宮殿式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廟(miao)宇,賜名“慈濟廟(miao)”。宋(song)(song)紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)二(er)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)),后因進(jin)香人(ren)(ren)數眾多,又在(zai)吳(wu)夲煉丹處(chu)另建青(qing)礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)慈濟廟(miao),由此形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東西(xi)兩廟(miao)。淳祐(you)元年(nian)(nian)(1241),奉(feng)(feng)(feng)敕改(gai)(gai)廟(miao)為(wei)(wei)宮,白礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)慈濟宮稱西(xi)宮,青(qing)礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)慈濟宮,也則稱東宮,為(wei)(wei)彰示吳(wu)夲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)德行,自宋(song)(song)代以來,歷朝皇帝先(xian)后予以追(zhui)賜封號之殊榮,其中尤以北宋(song)(song)仁(ren)宗追(zhui)封的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“妙道(dao)真人(ren)(ren)”和(he)明成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祖(zu)追(zhui)封的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“保(bao)(bao)生大(da)(da)帝”最為(wei)(wei)著名,吳(wu)夲亦因此被民間稱為(wei)(wei)“吳(wu)真人(ren)(ren)”、“保(bao)(bao)生大(da)(da)帝”或(huo)“大(da)(da)道(dao)公”,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)備受后人(ren)(ren)敬(jing)仰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)神和(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)土保(bao)(bao)護神。明末(mo)清初,白礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)300多人(ren)(ren)隨(sui)著鄭成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功收復臺灣,對吳(wu)真人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信仰也隨(sui)之廣泛傳入臺灣和(he)東南亞地區。至今,僅臺灣就(jiu)有數以百計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吳(wu)真人(ren)(ren)宮廟(miao),還(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立了“臺灣保(bao)(bao)生大(da)(da)帝廟(miao)宇聯(lian)誼(yi)會”,這些經由大(da)(da)陸傳爐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宮廟(miao)都遙奉(feng)(feng)(feng)漳州的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)慈濟宮和(he)青(qing)礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)慈濟宮和(he)為(wei)(wei)祖(zu)廟(miao),每年(nian)(nian)組織(zhi)大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)進(jin)香團前來舉辦瞻仰法(fa)會。
現存(cun)青礁慈濟(ji)宮重(zhong)(zhong)建于(yu)清初,系重(zhong)(zhong)檐歇山頂(ding)磚石(shi)木結(jie)構三進建筑(zhu),坐西朝東,建筑(zhu)面積1305平方(fang)米。中軸線自東向西逐漸增高,前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)重(zhong)(zhong)樓,由檐廊(lang)、門廳和鐘鼓樓組(zu)成;中殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為正殿(dian)(dian)(dian),內供吳真(zhen)人神像,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前有拜亭。后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)重(zhong)(zhong)建于(yu)1989年(nian),內供佛道諸神。三殿(dian)(dian)(dian)由兩側(ce)廊(lang)廡通(tong)連。宮內保(bao)存(cun)大量珍貴的(de)石(shi)雕(diao)、木雕(diao)、彩繪藝(yi)術品,體現了閩南匠(jiang)師精湛(zhan)的(de)工藝(yi)水平。
青礁慈濟宮(gong)還保存清康熙三(san)十(shi)六年(nian)(1697)、嘉慶十(shi)九年(nian)(1814)、咸豐四年(nian)(1854)和光(guang)緒二十(shi)二年(nian)(1896)四方(fang)重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)碑記,是(shi)(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)宮(gong)廟歷(li)代沿(yan)革的重(zhong)(zhong)要文獻資料(liao),而宮(gong)廟西北側(ce)山(shan)上的丹井、丹灶和石臼,則是(shi)(shi)吳(wu)夲當年(nian)采制藥(yao)草使用過的文物。1989年(nian)至(zhi)1991年(nian),臺灣的吳(wu)真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)徒捐資重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)三(san)殿。2000年(nian)經國(guo)家文物局(ju)批準,按歷(li)史原狀修(xiu)(xiu)復魁星樓(lou)和武圣樓(lou)。青礁慈濟宮(gong)1988年(nian)被(bei)公(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)市級文物保護(hu)單位(wei)。1991年(nian)被(bei)公(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)省級文物保護(hu)單位(wei)。1996年(nian)與白(bai)礁慈濟宮(gong)共同被(bei)國(guo)務(wu)院公(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)全國(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護(hu)單位(wei),名(ming)為(wei)“青、白(bai)礁慈濟宮(gong)”。2001年(nian),被(bei)廈門市人(ren)(ren)民政府公(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)涉臺文物古跡。保護(hu)范圍:由建筑體向四面延長40米為(wei)界。