一.產品介紹
富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)歷(li)史悠(you)久,距今已有近300年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)歷(li)史。據史料記(ji)載,富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)高樓、民(min)(min)(min)村(cun)(cun)(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶是(shi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)。清(qing)光緒至(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)初年(nian),隨著改土歸流(liu),官商(shang)士(shi)賈頻繁往(wang)來(lai),八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)逐漸由富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播到滇東(dong)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)縣(xian),據《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)要(yao)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)造林(lin)技(ji)術》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書記(ji)述:“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)開(kai)始在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei),以(yi)(yi)后(hou)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到廣南(nan)、西(xi)疇、馬關、文山(shan)、麻(ma)栗坡、河口、屏邊、墨江(jiang)、玉溪等(deng)縣(xian)”。這說明了(le)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)是(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)省(sheng)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)我州瑤族聚居(ju)村(cun)(cun)(cun)寨,幾乎村(cun)(cun)(cun)村(cun)(cun)(cun)房前屋后(hou)都種(zhong)(zhong)有八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樹(shu),每(mei)(mei)戶(hu)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)靠種(zhong)(zhong)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)收入(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)千元以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),高者達10多萬(wan)元,把(ba)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樹(shu)稱作(zuo)(zuo)“搖錢樹(shu)”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)感激八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樹(shu)給他(ta)們帶來(lai)了(le)美(mei)好幸福的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo),每(mei)(mei)年(nian)“盤王節”(8—9月,八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)開(kai)花(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi)),他(ta)(她)們都會相聚在(zai)(zai)(zai)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)中(zhong)載歌載舞,喜慶豐(feng)收和(he)(he)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)望未來(lai)。年(nian)輕(qing)男女在(zai)(zai)(zai)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)里談(tan)情(qing)說愛 ,共敘(xu)心(xin)中(zhong)蜜語(yu)和(he)(he)相思之(zhi)情(qing)。并以(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)樹(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)證,盟誓忠(zhong)貞不(bu)渝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛情(qing)。瑤族婦女把(ba)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)(he)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)花(hua)(hua)繡在(zai)(zai)(zai)頭飾上(shang)(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)腰帶上(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)示“吉祥(xiang)如(ru)意”。 富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)雖(sui)有悠(you)久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史,且在(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)朝初期剝隘成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)埠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興(xing)(xing)盛時(shi)(shi)期,就遠銷沿海兩廣及香港等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)。但在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建立前,由于地(di)(di)(di)霸和(he)(he)奸商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盤剝及交通閉塞、經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)文化(hua)落(luo)后(hou)等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制約(yue),發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)速(su)(su)度十分(fen)緩慢。60年(nian)代初期,中(zhong)共云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)省(sheng)委(wei)(wei)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)書記(ji)閻(yan)紅彥到富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)視察,針(zhen)對富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)實(shi)際,提出(chu)(chu)(chu)“把(ba)工作(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)點(dian)推(tui)(tui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)山(shan)去”,指(zhi)導幫助縣(xian)委(wei)(wei)、縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)制定“以(yi)(yi)林(lin)畜為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)針(zhen)后(hou),富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)才(cai)有所發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。并把(ba)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)振興(xing)(xing)山(shan)區經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)項重(zhong)要(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)來(lai)抓,先(xian)后(hou)撥(bo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)扶持資(zi)(zi)金98萬(wan)元。用于采(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)苗、技(ji)術培(pei)(pei)訓、聘請技(ji)術人(ren)(ren)員,開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)科研(yan)試驗(yan)。八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)開(kai)始從粗放(fang)經(jing)營(ying)向集(ji)約(yue)經(jing)營(ying)轉變(bian),逐步呈現(xian)老區和(he)(he)新區一(yi)(yi)(yi)齊發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局面。質量在(zai)(zai)(zai)1985年(nian)廣西(xi)南(nan)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)召(zhao)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制標(biao)會上(shang)(shang)(shang)評為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品出(chu)(chu)(chu)口瑞士(shi)、法國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、日本、加(jia)拿大(da)(da)(da)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)建設作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)貢(gong)獻。 1999年(nian)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)被中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特產(chan)(chan)(chan)之(zhi)鄉推(tui)(tui)薦暨宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)活(huo)動委(wei)(wei)員會評定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)鄉”。政(zheng)府(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)把(ba)品牌(pai)優勢(shi)(shi)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)優勢(shi)(shi),實(shi)現(xian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao),抓住國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家實(shi)施(shi)退(tui)耕還林(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)遇,把(ba)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)列入(ru)退(tui)耕還林(lin)工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),采(cai)取打造八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)態村(cun)(cun)(cun),加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)力(li)度,變(bian)品牌(pai)優勢(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)動力(li),擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji),加(jia)快八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進程,著力(li)科研(yan)推(tui)(tui)廣進度,提高八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)科技(ji)含量,加(jia)速(su)(su)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品開(kai)發(fa)(fa)步伐,實(shi)現(xian)“公(gong)司(si)+基地(di)(di)(di)+農(nong)戶(hu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格局等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi),做大(da)(da)(da)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業。在(zai)(zai)(zai)323國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)道公(gong)路(lu)干線出(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)境處設立宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)廣告牌(pai)坊,讓過(guo)往(wang)賓客了(le)解八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)鄉;在(zai)(zai)(zai)省(sheng)、州報(bao)刊宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)報(bao)道八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)情(qing)況;在(zai)(zai)(zai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)租車印(yin)上(shang)(shang)(shang)“八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)鄉歡迎您”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字樣;把(ba)歌曲“八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)飄香”定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)縣(xian)歌進行傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)唱宣(xuan)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。并成立了(le)“富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)究所”,開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)優樹(shu)調(diao)查、八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)良種(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)、低(di)產(chan)(chan)(chan)林(lin)改造、病蟲害防治、無性系繁殖、豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)技(ji)術、新產(chan)(chan)(chan)品開(kai)發(fa)(fa)等(deng)試驗(yan)、示范和(he)(he)實(shi)用技(ji)術培(pei)(pei)訓推(tui)(tui)廣工作(zuo)(zuo)。 富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)牙(ya)牌(pai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)以(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),通過(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)增收,呈現(xian)戶(hu)戶(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),戶(hu)戶(hu)蓋小樓景象。2004年(nian)11月11日時(shi)(shi)任云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)省(sheng)委(wei)(wei)書記(ji)白恩培(pei)(pei)深入(ru)到富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)牙(ya)牌(pai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)調(diao)研(yan)時(shi)(shi)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu):“要(yao)積(ji)(ji)極合理(li)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)牙(ya)牌(pai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)代表了(le)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)山(shan)區將來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)向,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)94%是(shi)山(shan)區,自(zi)然條件(jian)同(tong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)牙(ya)牌(pai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)相似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也不(bu)是(shi)少(shao)數,牙(ya)牌(pai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)能做到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)也都能夠做到,要(yao)學習牙(ya)牌(pai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan),結合山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)優勢(shi)(shi),靈活(huo)、實(shi)際、積(ji)(ji)極地(di)(di)(di)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)”。至(zhi)2010年(nian)底,富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)5.87萬(wan)公(gong)頃,產(chan)(chan)(chan)量1萬(wan)噸,栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)面積(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量僅(jin)次于廣西(xi),居(ju)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)第二。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況:富(fu)寧(ning)八角(jiao)產區位(wei)于云南省東南角(jiao),境內多山(shan),西北(bei)部是哀牢山(shan)余脈,六(liu)詔山(shan)脈縱橫全境。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢西北(bei)高,東南低。以山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高原(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)為(wei)主,廣泛分布著碳(tan)酸鹽類巖(yan)。巖(yan)溶地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)為(wei)最主要(yao)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)形態,占(zhan)總土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積的(de)60%,種類繁多,單體形態有(you)洼(wa)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、漏斗、落水洞(dong)、溶井、溶洞(dong)、溶溝(gou)、溶芽、天生橋(qiao)等(deng);聚合形態有(you)峰(feng)叢(cong)(cong)洼(wa)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、峰(feng)叢(cong)(cong)漏斗、峰(feng)叢(cong)(cong)谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、峰(feng)叢(cong)(cong)丘(qiu)(qiu)峰(feng)谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、峰(feng)林洼(wa)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、溶丘(qiu)(qiu)洼(wa)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘(qiu)(qiu)峰(feng)谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)。適(shi)宜種植八角(jiao)的(de)土(tu)壤有(you)紅壤、黃壤兩類,三個(ge)亞類,十一(yi)個(ge)土(tu)屬,二十七個(ge)土(tu)種。種植區內土(tu)壤大部分偏酸,自然肥力較高,有(you)機質含量也較豐(feng)富(fu),含氮量中等(deng),全磷含量較高,速效磷、鉀含量較低。黃壤和紅壤土(tu)的(de)PH值在4.5—6.5之間,呈酸性和偏酸性,非常適(shi)宜發展富(fu)寧(ning)八角(jiao)。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情況:種(zhong)植(zhi)區域水(shui)(shui)資源豐富,水(shui)(shui)質優良(liang)。有(you)紅河(he)(he)、珠江(jiang)(jiang)兩大水(shui)(shui)系共11條主(zhu)(zhu)要河(he)(he)流。兩大水(shui)(shui)系匯集境內多(duo)條支流,呈西北向東南(nan)流向。紅河(he)(he)流域主(zhu)(zhu)要干流有(you)盤(pan)龍河(he)(he)、南(nan)利河(he)(he)、八布河(he)(he)、迷湖河(he)(he)、那么果河(he)(he);珠江(jiang)(jiang)流域主(zhu)(zhu)要干流有(you)南(nan)盤(pan)江(jiang)(jiang)、清水(shui)(shui)江(jiang)(jiang)、西洋(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)、馱(tuo)娘江(jiang)(jiang)、普廳(ting)河(he)(he)和那馬河(he)(he)。
(3)氣候(hou)情(qing)況(kuang):種植區(qu)屬低緯高(gao)原季風(feng)氣候(hou),地形地貌復雜,氣溫(wen)日變化大,年(nian)變化小(xiao),霜期(qi)短,無(wu)(wu)(wu)霜期(qi)長,立體氣候(hou)特征(zheng)顯明。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)16—21℃,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)積(ji)溫(wen)5700—7000℃。夏無(wu)(wu)(wu)酷署,冬無(wu)(wu)(wu)嚴寒(han),無(wu)(wu)(wu)霜期(qi)300天以上,年(nian)降雨量(liang)1000—1900毫米,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸發量(liang)1534毫米,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對濕度80~86%,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)干燥度0.8—1.3,全(quan)年(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)數1440.2—2018.6小(xiao)時(shi)。
三.地域范圍
富寧八(ba)角產地涉(she)及文(wen)山壯族(zu)苗族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)州一(yi)市七縣(xian)(xian)(xian)共55個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。其中:富寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)13個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(木央鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、田蓬鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、新華鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、剝隘鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、里達(da)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、歸朝鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、谷(gu)拉鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、者桑鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、板侖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、那能鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、花(hua)甲鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、阿用鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、洞波鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang));廣南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)3個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(壩(ba)美(mei)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、八(ba)寶(bao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、底圩(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang));馬(ma)關縣(xian)(xian)(xian)12個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(馬(ma)白鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、都龍鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、木廠(chang)(chang)(chang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、金(jin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、仁和鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、八(ba)寨鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、夾寒(han)箐鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、南(nan)撈鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、坡(po)腳鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、古林(lin)箐鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大栗(li)(li)樹鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、篾廠(chang)(chang)(chang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang));麻栗(li)(li)坡(po)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)7個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(麻栗(li)(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鐵(tie)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、八(ba)布鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、下金(jin)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、六(liu)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、猛硐(dong)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang));西(xi)(xi)疇縣(xian)(xian)(xian)9個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(西(xi)(xi)灑鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、興街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、雞街(jie)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蚌谷(gu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蓮花(hua)塘鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、柏(bo)林(lin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、法斗鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、董(dong)馬(ma)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新馬(ma)街(jie)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang));文(wen)山市6個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(薄竹鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、壩(ba)心鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、喜古鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、小街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、追栗(li)(li)街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、柳井鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang));丘北(bei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)3個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(雙龍營鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、官寨鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、溫(wen)瀏鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang));硯(yan)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)2個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(八(ba)嘎鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蚌蛾鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang))。區域范圍地處東經103°35ˊ-106°12ˊ、北(bei)緯22°40ˊ-24°28ˊ、海拔600—1600米之間,東西(xi)(xi)橫距255公里,南(nan)北(bei)縱(zong)距190公里。種植總面(mian)積 5.87萬公頃,年總產量1萬噸(干(gan)果)。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)官(guan)特征(zheng):富(fu)寧八(ba)角的(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)、枝、葉都具有特殊的(de)香(xiang)味。富(fu)寧八(ba)角多數由八(ba)蓇葖(tu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)組成的(de)聚合果(guo)(guo)(guo),放射(she)狀排(pai)列于中軸上。蓇葖(tu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)長1~2厘(li)米(mi),寬0.3~0.5厘(li)米(mi),高0.6~1厘(li)米(mi);外表面紅棕(zong)色(se),有不規(gui)則皺紋(wen),頂端呈鳥喙狀,上側多開裂;內表面淡棕(zong)色(se),平(ping)滑,有光(guang)澤;質硬而脆。果(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)長3~4厘(li)米(mi),連(lian)于果(guo)(guo)(guo)實基部中央(yang),彎曲(qu),常脫落。葖(tu)含種(zhong)子1粒(li),扁卵圓形,長約6厘(li)米(mi),紅棕(zong)色(se)或黃棕(zong)色(se),光(guang)亮(liang),尖(jian)端有種(zhong)臍;胚乳(ru)白(bai)色(se),富(fu)油性。富(fu)寧八(ba)角干(gan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)具有色(se)紅、香(xiang)碎、味濃(nong)和型好(hao)等明顯特點(dian)。
(2)內在品(pin)質指(zhi)標:富寧八角氣味(wei)芳香(xiang),味(wei)甘辛,果壯肉厚,干(gan)爽,富油性,果實和(he)種子可作調料,也被中國(guo)傳統醫學(xue)作為(wei)藥物使用(yong)。其(qi)干(gan)燥成熟果實所含(han)莽草酸≥6.5%、醇溶抽提物≥5.0%、揮(hui)發油≥1.50%。
(3)安全要求:產(chan)地環(huan)境質量符合《無公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)(pin) 林果(guo)類(lei)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地環(huan)境技術條件》(NY 5013-2006),富寧八角嚴格按照《無公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)(pin) 香辛(xin)料(liao)》(NY5323—2006)標準執行。