【血(xue)液血(xue)管(guan)病(bing)】血(xue)液疾病(bing)有哪(na)些血(xue)管(guan)病(bing)都有哪(na)些

血液疾病有哪些

紅細胞疾病

缺鐵性(xing)(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)、巨幼細胞性(xing)(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)、再生障礙性(xing)(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)、溶血(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)、地中海貧血(xue)(xue)、自身(shen)免疫性(xing)(xing)溶血(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)、藥物性(xing)(xing)溶血(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)、陣發性(xing)(xing)睡眠性(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)紅蛋白(bai)尿、急性(xing)(xing)失(shi)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)、慢性(xing)(xing)病(bing)貧血(xue)(xue)、血(xue)(xue)色病(bing)等(deng)；

白細胞疾病

白(bai)(bai)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)減少癥(zheng)、粒細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)缺乏(fa)癥(zheng)、嗜酸性(xing)(xing)粒細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)增(zeng)多癥(zheng)、急(ji)性(xing)(xing)白(bai)(bai)血病、慢性(xing)(xing)白(bai)(bai)血病、骨髓增(zeng)生異常(chang)綜合癥(zheng)、惡性(xing)(xing)淋(lin)巴瘤(liu)(liu)（霍(huo)奇金淋(lin)巴瘤(liu)(liu)、非霍(huo)奇金淋(lin)巴瘤(liu)(liu)）、傳染(ran)性(xing)(xing)單核細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)增(zeng)多癥(zheng)、惡性(xing)(xing)組織細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)病、多發(fa)性(xing)(xing)骨髓瘤(liu)(liu)等；

出血性疾病

單(dan)純性(xing)紫(zi)癜(dian)(dian)(dian)、過敏性(xing)紫(zi)癜(dian)(dian)(dian)、特(te)發性(xing)血(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板減少性(xing)紫(zi)癜(dian)(dian)(dian)、血(xue)(xue)栓性(xing)血(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板減少性(xing)紫(zi)癜(dian)(dian)(dian)、血(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板無力癥(zheng)、血(xue)(xue)友病、獲(huo)得(de)性(xing)凝血(xue)(xue)機制(zhi)障礙性(xing)疾病等；

骨髓增生性疾病

真性紅細胞增多(duo)癥、原發性血(xue)小板增多(duo)癥、原發性骨髓纖維(wei)化癥等。

血液生成和功能

血(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)(ye)是血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)中(zhong)流動著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)稠液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)，分(fen)(fen)為(wei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)成分(fen)(fen)和(he)有(you)形成分(fen)(fen)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)成分(fen)(fen)指血(xue)(xue)(xue)漿(jiang)（50～60%），有(you)形成分(fen)(fen)指血(xue)(xue)(xue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)（40～50%）。從胎兒期開始就開始生成原始的(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)，出生后骨髓成為(wei)唯一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)器官。血(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)(ye)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)主(zhu)(zhu)要指紅細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)、白細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)小板以及各(ge)種免(mian)疫(yi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)。紅細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)主(zhu)(zhu)要運輸氧和(he)二氧化碳(tan)，緩沖體(ti)(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)酸堿平衡。白細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)則(ze)是炎癥反應的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)衛(wei)士，聚集、游走到炎癥部位(wei)進(jin)行吞噬(shi)作用。而(er)對(dui)于較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)菌、寄(ji)生蟲等則(ze)靠體(ti)(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)單核(he)－巨噬(shi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)系統來完成。血(xue)(xue)(xue)小板參與人體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)凝(ning)、抗凝(ning)及纖溶的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程。血(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)各(ge)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)各(ge)司(si)其職，共同(tong)使血(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)(ye)系統處于正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。

檢查項目

血(xue)(xue)液病常用的檢查包括：血(xue)(xue)常規、血(xue)(xue)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)形態學(xue)檢查、白(bai)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)分(fen)類、骨髓(sui)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)分(fen)析、血(xue)(xue)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)化學(xue)染色、染色體核型檢查、免疫學(xue)檢查、骨髓(sui)病理活檢、相關酶學(xue)檢查等等。

血液(ye)(ye)病治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)一般(ban)(ban)分為西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)，西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)通(tong)常以激素、免疫劑及骨髓移植治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)原則，一般(ban)(ban)以調節(jie)免疫為入(ru)手治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)，國(guo)內(nei)著名血液(ye)(ye)病的治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)有北京大學(xue)人民(min)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人民(min)解放軍309醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)第一分院(yuan)(yuan)北京血液(ye)(ye)凈(jing)化(hua)基地(di)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)天津血液(ye)(ye)病研究(jiu)所、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際生命醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)工(gong)程院(yuan)(yuan)附屬二(er)院(yuan)(yuan)北京華軍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)血液(ye)(ye)病中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)西苑醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)等。

血管病都有哪些

血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)具體(ti)種(zhong)類非常多，大體(ti)來(lai)說可(ke)以(yi)有功能(neng)性血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)(bing)，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)有因為炎癥刺激而引起的(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)(bing)，或者是(shi)因為血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)增生而導致的(de)(de)腫瘤疾病(bing)(bing)。目(mu)前來(lai)說，最(zui)為常見(jian)的(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)(bing)是(shi)動(dong)脈(mo)粥樣硬化，尤其是(shi)上了(le)歲(sui)數的(de)(de)人(ren)，更容(rong)易患有此病(bing)(bing)。血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)(bing)常見(jian)，并且對(dui)身體(ti)危(wei)害大，下面來(lai)說，一下血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)大致種(zhong)類。血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)(bing)主要是(shi)按照病(bing)(bing)理學改變以(yi)及所(suo)導致的(de)(de)后果來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)分類的(de)(de)，大致來(lai)說有3個類別。

第一：血(xue)管壁因病(bing)變(bian)喪失彈性，變(bian)得(de)薄弱，在長(chang)期承受壓力作用下發生(sheng)擴張，產生(sheng)血(xue)管瘤樣病(bing)變(bian)，甚至(zhi)造(zao)成破裂而(er)出血(xue)。

第二(er)：病變(bian)使管(guan)腔(qiang)狹(xia)窄，繼(ji)而發生受供器官(guan)或肢體的缺血以(yi)至(zhi)壞死。

第三：病(bing)(bing)變(bian)使血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)膜損(sun)傷后(hou)(hou)誘發血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)凝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓形成，繼而發生器官或(huo)(huo)組(zu)織(zhi)缺血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue);或(huo)(huo)栓子脫落后(hou)(hou)阻塞(sai)遠端管(guan)(guan)腔。當(dang)然(ran)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)還(huan)可以按(an)照病(bing)(bing)因或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)是病(bing)(bing)理學(xue)來進行分類，這樣種類就較(jiao)多。比如：退行性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)粥樣硬(ying)化(hua)、動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)中層硬(ying)化(hua)、小(xiao)(xiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬(ying)化(hua)（透明變(bian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)型(xing)小(xiao)(xiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬(ying)化(hua)、增生型(xing)小(xiao)(xiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬(ying)化(hua)）。炎(yan)癥(zheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)。感染性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)、梅毒(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)、巨細胞性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓閉塞(sai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)管(guan)(guan)炎(yan)、風濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)。功能性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)。雷(lei)諾(nuo)氏(shi)病(bing)(bing)、手足發紺(gan)、紅斑(ban)肢(zhi)痛癥(zheng)等(deng)。先(xian)天(tian)(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)。先(xian)天(tian)(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)瘤(liu)(liu)、先(xian)天(tian)(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜脈(mo)(mo)(mo)瘺、各類先(xian)天(tian)(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)腫瘤(liu)(liu)（毛細血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)(liu)、海綿狀血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)(liu)、蔓狀血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)(liu)）等(deng)等(deng)。其(qi)實(shi)在(zai)我們生活當(dang)中，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)較(jiao)為(wei)常見的是發生在(zai)冠狀動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)、頸(jing)部動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)以及腦部動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)，發病(bing)(bing)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)容易導(dao)致心肌梗死、腦梗塞(sai)等(deng)。另外，由于感染導(dao)致的梅毒(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)，或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)其(qi)它感染性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)也(ye)是較(jiao)為(wei)常見的血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)之(zhi)一，由于抗生素的普遍應用，感染引起(qi)的血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)例已經逐(zhu)年下(xia)降(jiang)。

【心腦血管疾病各季節保健】心腦血管疾病四季養生方法 心腦血管疾病四季保健