【血(xue)液(ye)血(xue)管病】血(xue)液(ye)疾病有(you)哪些血(xue)管病都(dou)有(you)哪些
血液疾病有哪些
紅細胞疾病
缺鐵(tie)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、巨幼細胞性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、再(zai)生(sheng)障(zhang)礙性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、溶血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、地中海貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、自(zi)身免(mian)疫(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溶血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥物性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溶血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、陣(zhen)發性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)睡眠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)紅蛋白尿、急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)失血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)病貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)色病等(deng);
白細胞疾病
白(bai)細胞(bao)(bao)減少癥(zheng)(zheng)、粒細胞(bao)(bao)缺乏癥(zheng)(zheng)、嗜(shi)酸性粒細胞(bao)(bao)增(zeng)多癥(zheng)(zheng)、急(ji)性白(bai)血病、慢性白(bai)血病、骨髓增(zeng)生異常綜合癥(zheng)(zheng)、惡(e)性淋(lin)巴(ba)瘤(liu)(霍奇金淋(lin)巴(ba)瘤(liu)、非霍奇金淋(lin)巴(ba)瘤(liu))、傳(chuan)染性單核(he)細胞(bao)(bao)增(zeng)多癥(zheng)(zheng)、惡(e)性組織細胞(bao)(bao)病、多發性骨髓瘤(liu)等;
出血性疾病
單純性紫癜、過(guo)敏性紫癜、特發(fa)性血小(xiao)板(ban)(ban)減(jian)少(shao)性紫癜、血栓性血小(xiao)板(ban)(ban)減(jian)少(shao)性紫癜、血小(xiao)板(ban)(ban)無力癥、血友病、獲得性凝(ning)血機制障礙性疾病等;
骨髓增生性疾病
真性紅細胞(bao)增(zeng)多(duo)癥(zheng)、原(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)性血小板增(zeng)多(duo)癥(zheng)、原(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)性骨(gu)髓纖維化癥(zheng)等。
血液生成和功能
血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)是血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管中流動著的(de)(de)粘稠液(ye)(ye)體(ti),分(fen)為液(ye)(ye)體(ti)成分(fen)和有形(xing)成分(fen)。液(ye)(ye)體(ti)成分(fen)指(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)漿(jiang)(50~60%),有形(xing)成分(fen)指(zhi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)細(xi)胞(40~50%)。從胎兒(er)期開(kai)始(shi)就開(kai)始(shi)生(sheng)成原始(shi)的(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)細(xi)胞,出生(sheng)后骨髓(sui)成為唯一(yi)的(de)(de)造血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)器官。血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)細(xi)胞主(zhu)(zhu)要指(zhi)紅(hong)細(xi)胞、白細(xi)胞、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小板(ban)以及各(ge)種(zhong)免疫細(xi)胞。紅(hong)細(xi)胞主(zhu)(zhu)要運輸氧(yang)和二氧(yang)化碳,緩沖體(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)酸堿平衡。白細(xi)胞則(ze)是炎癥反應的(de)(de)第一(yi)線的(de)(de)衛士,聚集、游走到炎癥部位進行(xing)吞噬(shi)作用。而對于較大的(de)(de)細(xi)菌、寄(ji)生(sheng)蟲等則(ze)靠(kao)體(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)單核-巨噬(shi)細(xi)胞系統(tong)來完成。血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小板(ban)參與人體(ti)的(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)凝(ning)、抗凝(ning)及纖溶的(de)(de)過程。血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)中各(ge)細(xi)胞各(ge)司其職(zhi),共同(tong)使血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)系統(tong)處(chu)于正常的(de)(de)動態穩定的(de)(de)狀態。
檢查項目
血(xue)液病常(chang)用的檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)包括:血(xue)常(chang)規(gui)、血(xue)細(xi)胞形態學檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)、白細(xi)胞分類、骨髓(sui)細(xi)胞分析、血(xue)細(xi)胞化學染(ran)(ran)色(se)、染(ran)(ran)色(se)體核型檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)、免疫學檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)、骨髓(sui)病理活檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、相關酶學檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)等(deng)等(deng)。
血(xue)液病治(zhi)療(liao)一(yi)(yi)般分(fen)(fen)為西醫(yi)(yi)治(zhi)療(liao)與中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)治(zhi)療(liao),西醫(yi)(yi)治(zhi)療(liao)通常以激素、免疫劑及(ji)骨髓(sui)移植治(zhi)療(liao)。中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)以中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)治(zhi)療(liao)原則,一(yi)(yi)般以調節免疫為入手治(zhi)療(liao),國(guo)內著名血(xue)液病的治(zhi)療(liao)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有北(bei)京大學人民(min)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)國(guo)人民(min)解放軍(jun)(jun)309醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)第一(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)京血(xue)液凈化(hua)基地、中(zhong)國(guo)醫(yi)(yi)學科學院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)天津血(xue)液病研究所、中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際(ji)生命醫(yi)(yi)學工程院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)附屬(shu)二院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)京華軍(jun)(jun)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)血(xue)液病中(zhong)心、中(zhong)國(guo)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)科學院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西苑醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)。
血管病都有哪些
血(xue)管(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)的(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)非常(chang)(chang)多,大體(ti)(ti)來說(shuo)可(ke)以有(you)功能(neng)性(xing)血(xue)管(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing),也可(ke)以有(you)因(yin)(yin)為炎癥刺激而(er)引起的(de)血(xue)管(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing),或(huo)者是(shi)因(yin)(yin)為血(xue)管(guan)增生而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)腫瘤疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)。目前來說(shuo),最為常(chang)(chang)見的(de)血(xue)管(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)是(shi)動脈粥樣硬(ying)化(hua),尤其是(shi)上了歲數的(de)人,更容易患有(you)此病(bing)(bing)。血(xue)管(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)常(chang)(chang)見,并且對(dui)身(shen)體(ti)(ti)危害大,下面來說(shuo),一下血(xue)管(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)的(de)大致(zhi)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)。血(xue)管(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)主要是(shi)按照病(bing)(bing)理學改變以及所導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)后果(guo)來進行分(fen)類(lei)(lei)的(de),大致(zhi)來說(shuo)有(you)3個類(lei)(lei)別(bie)。
第一:血(xue)(xue)管(guan)壁因病變(bian)喪失彈性(xing),變(bian)得薄(bo)弱(ruo),在長期承受(shou)壓(ya)力作(zuo)用下發生(sheng)擴張,產生(sheng)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)瘤(liu)樣病變(bian),甚至造(zao)成破裂而出血(xue)(xue)。
第二:病變使管腔(qiang)狹窄,繼而發生(sheng)受供器官(guan)或肢體的缺(que)血(xue)以至壞死。
第三:病(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)使血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)內膜損傷后(hou)(hou)誘發(fa)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)內凝血(xue)(xue),血(xue)(xue)栓形成,繼而(er)發(fa)生(sheng)器官或(huo)(huo)組織缺血(xue)(xue);或(huo)(huo)栓子脫落后(hou)(hou)阻塞(sai)遠端管(guan)(guan)腔。當然血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)還可以(yi)按照病(bing)(bing)(bing)因或(huo)(huo)者是(shi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)理學來進行分類,這樣(yang)種(zhong)類就較多。比(bi)如:退行性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)粥樣(yang)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)、動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)中層(ceng)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)、小(xiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)(透明變(bian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)型小(xiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua)、增生(sheng)型小(xiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬(ying)(ying)化(hua))。炎(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)。感(gan)(gan)染性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)、梅(mei)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)、巨細(xi)胞(bao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)、血(xue)(xue)栓閉塞(sai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)管(guan)(guan)炎(yan)(yan)、風濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)。功(gong)能性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)。雷諾氏(shi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、手足(zu)發(fa)紺、紅(hong)斑肢痛癥(zheng)等(deng)(deng)。先(xian)天性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)。先(xian)天性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)瘤(liu)(liu)、先(xian)天性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜脈(mo)(mo)(mo)瘺、各(ge)類先(xian)天性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)腫瘤(liu)(liu)(毛細(xi)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)(liu)、海綿狀(zhuang)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)(liu)、蔓狀(zhuang)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)(liu))等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。其(qi)實(shi)在我們生(sheng)活(huo)當中,血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)較為常見的(de)是(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)在冠狀(zhuang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)、頸部動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)以(yi)及(ji)腦(nao)部動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo),發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)之后(hou)(hou)容易(yi)導致心肌梗死、腦(nao)梗塞(sai)等(deng)(deng)。另外(wai),由(you)于感(gan)(gan)染導致的(de)梅(mei)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan),或(huo)(huo)者其(qi)它感(gan)(gan)染性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)也是(shi)較為常見的(de)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)之一,由(you)于抗生(sheng)素的(de)普遍(bian)應用(yong),感(gan)(gan)染引起的(de)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)例已(yi)經逐年下降。