青(qing)島(dao)(dao)歷史(shi)上的(de)宗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)較(jiao)為活(huo)(huo)(huo)躍,先后(hou)(hou)有(you)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、基督新教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、天主教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、伊斯(si)蘭(lan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等宗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入(ru)(ru),日(ri)本(ben)神道(dao)(dao)也曾在兩次日(ri)占(zhan)時期(qi)占(zhan)有(you)一席之地(di)。最(zui)早(zao)傳入(ru)(ru)的(de)是道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。公(gong)元(yuan)前140年(nian)即有(you)道(dao)(dao)人在嶗山修(xiu)行。公(gong)元(yuan)3世紀佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入(ru)(ru),建(jian)于(yu)公(gong)元(yuan)264年(nian)的(de)嶗山崇佛寺為佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在青(qing)島(dao)(dao)的(de)發端之地(di)。清(qing)末基督教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、天主教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入(ru)(ru),有(you)十幾個國家(jia)的(de)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)在青(qing)島(dao)(dao)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。1914年(nian)第一次日(ri)占(zhan)時期(qi),日(ri)本(ben)神道(dao)(dao)隨日(ri)本(ben)僑民(min)和官(guan)兵一道(dao)(dao)傳入(ru)(ru)青(qing)島(dao)(dao),建(jian)立了青(qing)島(dao)(dao)神社(she){{原址位于(yu)若(ruo)鶴町二(er)丁目,今(jin)市北區遼(liao)寧路(lu)西段貯水山}}等一些參拜(bai)場(chang)所(suo),戰(zhan)后(hou)(hou)均被毀。1920年(nian)代初,伊斯(si)蘭(lan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入(ru)(ru)。宗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)在青(qing)島(dao)(dao)開展活(huo)(huo)(huo)躍,影響深遠。嶗山被譽為中國道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)全(quan)真派第二(er)叢林,湛山寺為佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天臺(tai)宗在國內外都(dou)有(you)影響的(de)名剎。各教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)派建(jian)立了許(xu)多(duo)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)社(she)團,先后(hou)(hou)有(you)長(chang)老會(hui)、浸信會(hui)、信義會(hui)、同(tong)善教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)等差會(hui)、修(xiu)會(hui)在青(qing)島(dao)(dao)創辦學(xue)校、醫院、慈善機構等公(gong)益事業。
共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)(li)(li)后,實(shi)(shi)行(xing)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民(min)主改革,廢除了(le)道教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分舊制(zhi)(zhi)度,將從是反政(zheng)(zheng)府活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)主教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、基督(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士全(quan)部(bu)驅逐出境,沒收外(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會的(de)(de)(de)財產歸中國(guo)(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會所有,將宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活動(dong)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)中共(gong)政(zheng)(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)指引下進行(xing)。“文化(hua)大革命”期間,正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活動(dong)均被迫(po)停止。1978年后,恢復(fu)(fu)和落實(shi)(shi)了(le)中共(gong)的(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)政(zheng)(zheng)策。1980年,青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)事務(wu)處恢復(fu)(fu)辦公,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)愛(ai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)組(zu)織和宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團(tuan)體相繼恢復(fu)(fu)和重新(xin)建(jian)立(li)(li)(li)。后相繼成(cheng)立(li)(li)(li)了(le)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市基督(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協會、青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市道教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協會、青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協會和青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市伊斯蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協會。2001年,青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市開(kai)始把駐(zhu)青(qing)(qing)外(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人的(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活動(dong)納入依法(fa)管理范圍(wei),為(wei)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)境內的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人確定活動(dong)點。2002年,逐級建(jian)立(li)(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)工作(zuo)(zuo)責(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi),有宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)村(居)設立(li)(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)工作(zuo)(zuo)聯(lian)絡員(yuan)(yuan);在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)首創成(cheng)立(li)(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)政(zheng)(zheng)策法(fa)規宣講團(tuan);在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)首次開(kai)展宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團(tuan)體屆中評估工作(zuo)(zuo),建(jian)立(li)(li)(li)與(yu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團(tuan)體負責(ze)人聯(lian)系制(zhi)(zhi)度。2003年實(shi)(shi)施《青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職人員(yuan)(yuan)管理辦法(fa)》、《青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團(tuan)體及宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活動(dong)場所財務(wu)管理暫(zan)行(xing)規定》。2004年,湛山(shan)佛(fo)學院成(cheng)立(li)(li)(li)。
1、道教
中國道(dao)教流行于嶗(lao)山(shan)已有2000余年(nian)的歷史(shi)。其發端(duan)始于兩(liang)漢,盛于宋元。公元前140年(nian),上(shang)(shang)清(qing)派茅山(shan)宗(zong)在今(jin)嶗(lao)山(shan)太清(qing)景區(qu)(qu)老君峰下(xia)始建(jian)太清(qing)宮(gong)。宋初上(shang)(shang)清(qing)派茅山(shan)宗(zong)華蓋真人(ren)劉若拙(zhuo)在今(jin)嶗(lao)山(shan)上(shang)(shang)清(qing)景區(qu)(qu)敕建(jian)上(shang)(shang)清(qing)宮(gong)道(dao)場(chang),在今(jin)仰口景區(qu)(qu)的上(shang)(shang)苑山(shan)奉敕建(jian)造(zao)太平宮(gong)。明(ming)萬歷皇帝賜太清(qing)宮(gong)《道(dao)藏》一部(bu),以鎮名山(shan)。
自西漢張廉夫(fu)開山(shan)始基以來(lai),許多著名道(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)(shi)來(lai)嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)潛(qian)修,著書立說,其中(zhong)有唐(tang)代道(dao)(dao)(dao)化普濟(ji)真(zhen)人李哲玄(xuan)、宋(song)代華(hua)蓋真(zhen)人劉(liu)若拙、元代長春演道(dao)(dao)(dao)主教(jiao)真(zhen)人丘處(chu)機(ji)、長生輔化宗玄(xuan)明德真(zhen)君劉(liu)長生、道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)祖師(shi)之一張三豐、明朝(chao)中(zhong)元永壽太和真(zhen)君徐復(fu)陽(yang)、上元普濟(ji)道(dao)(dao)(dao)化真(zhen)君齊本(ben)守等。這些著名道(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)(shi)在嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)棲居講道(dao)(dao)(dao),先后建有九宮八觀七(qi)十(shi)二(er)庵。有金山(shan)派(pai)(pai)(pai)、隨山(shan)派(pai)(pai)(pai)、龍門派(pai)(pai)(pai)、華(hua)山(shan)派(pai)(pai)(pai)等十(shi)幾個教(jiao)派(pai)(pai)(pai)。嶗(lao)(lao)山(shan)太清宮是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)全真(zhen)派(pai)(pai)(pai)的重要叢林之一。明代在今(jin)市北(bei)區海(hai)云街(jie)始建道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)宮觀海(hai)云庵,原為佛(fo)寺,1926年(nian)翻修后,由道(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)(shi)掌(zhang)管,屬道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)華(hua)山(shan)派(pai)(pai)(pai)。
共(gong)和國成立時(shi),尚(shang)存道(dao)觀59處,其中有西漢(han)、后(hou)漢(han)、北魏、唐、五代、宋、元、明(ming)、清(qing)及民(min)國建筑。人(ren)民(min)政府出資整修了(le)一批著名道(dao)觀。1978年(nian)后(hou),青島(dao)(dao)市(shi)人(ren)民(min)政府對(dui)太(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)、太(tai)平(ping)宮(gong)、上(shang)清(qing)宮(gong)、明(ming)霞洞、海云庵(an)等道(dao)觀進(jin)行修繕,恢復宗教活動。1989年(nian),青島(dao)(dao)市(shi)道(dao)教協會成立。1994年(nian)修復海云庵(an),每年(nian)正月十六舉辦海云庵(an)糖球(qiu)會。全市(shi)現共(gong)有太(tai)清(qing)宮(gong)、海云庵(an)、于(yu)姑庵(an)等開(kai)放道(dao)觀5所。
2、佛教
佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教在(zai)(zai)青島的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展歷史(shi)悠(you)久。公(gong)元(yuan)264年(nian)(nian),嶗山(shan)(shan)(shan)建(jian)(jian)崇佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)寺,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教傳入青島。公(gong)元(yuan)412年(nian)(nian),高僧法(fa)顯從(cong)天(tian)竺取經回國途中,在(zai)(zai)嶗山(shan)(shan)(shan)登陸,并(bing)在(zai)(zai)不其城(今(jin)城陽區(qu))翻(fan)譯并(bing)講經三個月,傳播佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教文化(hua)。此后佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教在(zai)(zai)青島逐步得到發展,許(xu)多(duo)朝(chao)代都建(jian)(jian)有佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教寺院(yuan),其中有北魏(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)海寺,唐朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潮海院(yuan)、石佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)寺,元(yuan)朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清涼院(yuan)、菩薩廟(miao),明朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)于姑庵、觀音寺、華(hua)嚴寺等。20世紀初,一些有識之士(shi)為弘揚佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教文化(hua),籌(chou)資興(xing)建(jian)(jian)了毗廬庵、靈圣寺等。1934年(nian)(nian),今(jin)市南區(qu)芝泉路建(jian)(jian)設了中國最年(nian)(nian)輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)臺宗寺院(yuan)——湛山(shan)(shan)(shan)寺。同年(nian)(nian)居士(shi)王湘汀出資在(zai)(zai)今(jin)小魚(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)園山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)上(shang)興(xing)建(jian)(jian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教居士(shi)聚會(hui)場所——湛山(shan)(shan)(shan)精舍,每周(zhou)日下午講經。湛山(shan)(shan)(shan)寺建(jian)(jian)成后,每年(nian)(nian)農歷四月初八舉行(xing)(xing)浴(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)節,紀念佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)祖釋迎(ying)牟尼誕辰(chen),僧眾(zhong)、居士(shi)在(zai)(zai)主持方丈帶領下,在(zai)(zai)浴(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)壇(tan)上(shang)進行(xing)(xing)浴(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)儀(yi)式。開廟(miao)逢會(hui)三天(tian)。屆(jie)時善(shan)男信女進廟(miao)燒(shao)香者(zhe)絡(luo)繹不絕。寺周(zhou)圍眾(zhong)多(duo)攤販(fan)叫賣,各地(di)民間(jian)藝(yi)人也來(lai)此表演,熱鬧非(fei)凡。
第二次日(ri)占時期(qi),設有日(ri)本(ben)佛(fo)(fo)寺7處(chu),日(ri)本(ben)投(tou)降后皆被(bei)取締。共和國成(cheng)立前(qian)夕,尚存寺院(yuan)13處(chu),和尚23人(ren)(ren),尼姑6人(ren)(ren),寄居(ju)7人(ren)(ren)。1956年(nian),居(ju)士定期(qi)聚(ju)會(hui)被(bei)中止;1959年(nian),湛(zhan)(zhan)山精舍被(bei)拆除。“文化(hua)大革命”期(qi)間湛(zhan)(zhan)山廟(miao)會(hui)中斷。1978年(nian)改革開放(fang)后,政府多(duo)次撥(bo)款對(dui)法海寺、華嚴寺、于(yu)姑庵、湛(zhan)(zhan)山寺等(deng)重點佛(fo)(fo)教寺院(yuan)進行(xing)維修(xiu)。湛(zhan)(zhan)山寺對(dui)外開放(fang)。1988年(nian),湛(zhan)(zhan)山廟(miao)會(hui)恢復;此后每(mei)年(nian)均(jun)舉辦,并(bing)漸融經貿、旅游活(huo)動(dong)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體,赴廟(miao)會(hui)者在數十萬人(ren)(ren)以上。現為(wei)青(qing)島(dao)惟一(yi)(yi)佛(fo)(fo)教廟(miao)會(hui)。1992年(nian)成(cheng)立青(qing)島(dao)市佛(fo)(fo)教協(xie)會(hui)。全市現共有開放(fang)佛(fo)(fo)廟(miao)2處(chu)。
3、基督新教
青島(dao)基督教(jiao)新教(jiao)和青島(dao)教(jiao)會(hui)
1873年(nian)(nian)(nian),美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士郭顯(xian)德來(lai)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)進行傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活動,基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒(tu)(tu)集資在(zai)今嶗(lao)山區(qu)北(bei)宅街(jie)道興(xing)建(jian)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)最早的(de)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)——南北(bei)嶺(ling)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang),屬美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)北(bei)美(mei)長老會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。1897年(nian)(nian)(nian)德國(guo)(guo)(guo)設立租界地后,外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士紛紛進入(ru)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)。1898年(nian)(nian)(nian),德國(guo)(guo)(guo)信(xin)義(yi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士昆祚(zuo)來(lai)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、辦學(xue)校、開醫院(yuan);1900年(nian)(nian)(nian),昆祚(zuo)在(zai)今市北(bei)區(qu)清和路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)主(zhu)持興(xing)建(jian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)德堂(tang)(tang)。1908年(nian)(nian)(nian),膠澳總督(du)(du)府(fu)在(zai)今市南區(qu)江蘇路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)出(chu)資興(xing)建(jian)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人在(zai)陵(ling)縣路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)創建(jian)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)靈恩會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。1935年(nian)(nian)(nian),青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒(tu)(tu)聚會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)處在(zai)錦州路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)成(cheng)立。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian),魯東信(xin)義(yi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在(zai)今市南區(qu)觀(guan)象二路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)興(xing)建(jian)圣保羅(luo)(luo)堂(tang)(tang)。1942年(nian)(nian)(nian),青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒(tu)(tu)聚會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)處中(zhong)心(xin)在(zai)龍山路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)建(jian)成(cheng),信(xin)徒(tu)(tu)曾達(da)4000余(yu)人。至1949年(nian)(nian)(nian),共有(you)屬于11個差會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)海(hai)外(wai)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)組(zu)織)的(de)德、英、日、美(mei)、法等13個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士在(zai)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),有(you)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)派21個,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)及聚會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)場所(suo)140余(yu)處(其(qi)中(zhong)禮拜堂(tang)(tang)60處),神學(xue)院(yuan)3處,外(wai)籍傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士90人,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)牧師52人,信(xin)徒(tu)(tu)1.2萬人。主(zhu)要禮拜堂(tang)(tang)有(you)江蘇路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)禮拜堂(tang)(tang)、圣保羅(luo)(luo)堂(tang)(tang)、路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)德堂(tang)(tang)、南北(bei)嶺(ling)禮拜堂(tang)(tang)。
1951年(nian),青(qing)島市(shi)(shi)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)抗美(mei)援朝“三(san)自(zi)(zi)”(即“自(zi)(zi)治、自(zi)(zi)養、自(zi)(zi)傳(chuan)”)革新運動籌委(wei)會成立(li)后,外國(guo)傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)相繼離境(jing)。1954年(nian),青(qing)島市(shi)(shi)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)“三(san)自(zi)(zi)”愛國(guo)運動委(wei)員會成立(li)。1958年(nian),全市(shi)(shi)50處(chu)(chu)禮拜(bai)堂合并為10處(chu)(chu)聚會點,后再合為7處(chu)(chu)。文革期間宗教(jiao)(jiao)活動停止。1980年(nian),開始恢復江蘇(su)路禮拜(bai)堂等處(chu)(chu)的正常(chang)宗教(jiao)(jiao)活動。1981年(nian),青(qing)島市(shi)(shi)基(ji)督(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)協會成立(li)。1985年(nian),路德堂恢復聚會。全市(shi)(shi)現共有開放教(jiao)(jiao)堂25處(chu)(chu)。
4、天主教
天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)入青(qing)島(dao)已有百余年歷史。1898年,天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)兗州(zhou)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)德(de)籍(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士白明(ming)德(de)到青(qing)島(dao)建立了第(di)一個天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)場所。此后天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)青(qing)島(dao)迅速發展。1901年,德(de)國(guo)神(shen)父在(zai)今(jin)曲阜路(lu)創(chuang)辦(ban)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)印刷(shua)所,主(zhu)(zhu)要承(cheng)擔《青(qing)島(dao)官報 (Amtsblatt für das Deutsche-Gebiet)》的(de)印刷(shua),后改稱(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)堂印書局(ju),主(zhu)(zhu)要印制(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)書籍(ji)(ji)。1905年,天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)今(jin)市北區(qu)博山路(lu)開(kai)辦(ban)第(di)一所醫(yi)院(yuan)——天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)堂醫(yi)院(yuan),設病床40張。1925年,天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)青(qing)島(dao)監牧區(qu)成立,德(de)籍(ji)(ji)神(shen)父維昌(chang)祿為監牧主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),轄膠(jiao)州(zhou)、高密、即墨、諸(zhu)城等11縣。1928年,青(qing)島(dao)代牧區(qu)成立,維昌(chang)祿為代牧主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。1932至1934年,維昌(chang)祿自德(de)國(guo)募(mu)集資金在(zai)今(jin)市南(nan)區(qu)浙江路(lu)興建圣彌額爾大教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂,成為青(qing)島(dao)最大的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂。天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)青(qing)島(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)受(shou)羅馬天(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)總部和教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)宗駐(zhu)南(nan)京公使領導,接受(shou)其津貼供給。
1946年(nian)(nian),中國(guo)(guo)天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)實行圣(sheng)(sheng)統制,青(qing)島(dao)(dao)代牧區(qu)升(sheng)格為(wei)(wei)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu),德(de)籍(ji)神父吳伯(bo)祿任(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。青(qing)島(dao)(dao)的天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)修(xiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有圣(sheng)(sheng)言會(hui)(hui)(hui)、圣(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)文(wen)學(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、方濟各瑪(ma)利(li)亞(ya)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)修(xiu)女會(hui)(hui)(hui)、神愛會(hui)(hui)(hui)、圣(sheng)(sheng)神掉女會(hui)(hui)(hui)、圣(sheng)(sheng)神祈禱會(hui)(hui)(hui)等。市區(qu)有天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)10處,修(xiu)女院11處,外籍(ji)神修(xiu)人(ren)員36人(ren),華籍(ji)神修(xiu)人(ren)員8人(ren),信教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)群眾5000余人(ren)。1951年(nian)(nian),中國(guo)(guo)神父劉殿俊被(bei)吳伯(bo)祿委任(ren)為(wei)(wei)代理主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。1950年(nian)(nian)代后(hou),全國(guo)(guo)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制度(du)改革,中國(guo)(guo)天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)開始(shi)獨立(li)自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),自辦教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)。1956年(nian)(nian),青(qing)島(dao)(dao)市天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)愛國(guo)(guo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)成(cheng)立(li)。1981年(nian)(nian),在中國(guo)(guo)天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)愛國(guo)(guo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席宗(zong)懷(huai)德(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)下,舉行了(le)開堂(tang)祝圣(sheng)(sheng)儀式,恢(hui)復開放圣(sheng)(sheng)彌(mi)額爾(er)大教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)。1987年(nian)(nian),天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)務會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)選(xuan)舉韓錫讓為(wei)(wei)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)共和(he)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)后(hou),青(qing)島(dao)(dao)天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)第一位自選(xuan)自圣(sheng)(sheng)的正權主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。全市現共有開放堂(tang)點4處。
5、伊斯蘭教
1904年(nian)膠濟鐵路建(jian)成(cheng)通車后,青(qing)島(dao)的工商(shang)業不斷發展(zhan),一些(xie)穆(mu)斯(si)林從外地(di)(di)陸續(xu)移居(ju)青(qing)島(dao)。20世(shi)紀(ji)初期有回民(min)300余戶,1800余人,主要集中(zhong)居(ju)住在(zai)(zai)市北區,都(dou)是客籍居(ju)民(min),由他們(men)將伊斯(si)蘭(lan)教(jiao)傳(chuan)入(ru)青(qing)島(dao)。其時山東淄博人王(wang)萬英(ying)(ying)阿(a)訇在(zai)(zai)市南區河(he)南路租賃平房兩間,當作青(qing)島(dao)穆(mu)斯(si)林的禮拜處所。1929年(nian),回族穆(mu)斯(si)林來青(qing)島(dao)經商(shang)者(zhe)日眾(zhong),由穆(mu)華亭、劉尊五(wu)、王(wang)萬英(ying)(ying)、石小(xiao)坡(po)等(deng)人發起募捐(juan),在(zai)(zai)市南區常州(zhou)路興(xing)建(jian)清真(zhen)寺,得到身為回族人的青(qing)島(dao)市長(chang)馬福祥(xiang)的支持(chi)。在(zai)(zai)馬蘭(lan)頂建(jian)有穆(mu)斯(si)林專用墓地(di)(di)。全(quan)市現共有開放清真(zhen)寺1所。
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