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內容

此次被列為(wei)國保的(de)(de)(de)湖大(da)(da)早期(qi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群共有(you)9棟，分別(bie)是(shi)：二(er)院（今物(wu)理(li)學(xue)(xue)院實驗樓(lou)）、科學(xue)(xue)館(guan)(guan)（今校辦(ban)公樓(lou)）、工(gong)(gong)程館(guan)(guan)（今教學(xue)(xue)北樓(lou)）、大(da)(da)禮堂(tang)、老圖書館(guan)(guan)、勝利齋(zhai)教工(gong)(gong)宿(su)(su)舍(she)、第一(yi)學(xue)(xue)生宿(su)(su)舍(she)（今基建(jian)(jian)(jian)處辦(ban)公樓(lou)）、第七(qi)(qi)學(xue)(xue)生宿(su)(su)舍(she)（今離退休(xiu)處辦(ban)公樓(lou)）、老九舍(she)。這9棟建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分別(bie)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)了(le)上世紀20年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)至50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)歷(li)史(shi)時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)，有(you)20、30年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)西洋古典主義(yi)和折衷主義(yi)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)（二(er)院、科學(xue)(xue)館(guan)(guan)）；有(you)40年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)早期(qi)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)主義(yi)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)（工(gong)(gong)程館(guan)(guan)、勝利齋(zhai)、一(yi)舍(she)、七(qi)(qi)舍(she)、老九舍(she)）；還有(you)50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)族形式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)（大(da)(da)禮堂(tang)、老圖書館(guan)(guan)）。其他(ta)被列為(wei)國寶的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群大(da)(da)多是(shi)同(tong)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)，統(tong)一(yi)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，而像湖南大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)這樣不(bu)(bu)同(tong)時期(qi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群較(jiao)為(wei)少見(jian)。湖大(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)正好與中國近現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)演變同(tong)步，是(shi)中國近現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)縮影，同(tong)時也清晰地體(ti)(ti)現(xian)了(le)從古代(dai)(dai)(dai)書院走向(xiang)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)過程，猶為(wei)寶貴。

歷史淵源

保存(cun)下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)數出(chu)自(zi)兩(liang)位(wei)著名(ming)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家——柳(liu)(liu)士英、劉(liu)敦(dun)楨之(zhi)(zhi)手，兩(liang)位(wei)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)近(jin)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)史上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要人物。柳(liu)(liu)士英是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)育人，他(ta)(ta)創辦了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)專業——蘇州工專建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)科(ke)。他(ta)(ta)還(huan)在(zai)那(nei)個全部(bu)(bu)(bu)由洋(yang)人壟斷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代創辦了(le)(le)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)事務所——上(shang)海華海建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)事務所。這兩(liang)項創舉足以(yi)奠(dian)定他(ta)(ta)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)近(jin)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)史上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崇高地(di)位(wei)。柳(liu)(liu)士英先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)1934年應邀來(lai)湖(hu)(hu)南大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)教(jiao)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)后擔任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)土木(mu)(mu)系(xi)教(jiao)授(shou)、系(xi)主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南土建(jian)(jian)(jian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院院長、湖(hu)(hu)南大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)副校(xiao)長。此(ci)次獲批國(guo)(guo)(guo)寶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)9棟(dong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)大(da)(da)(da)禮堂、老(lao)圖(tu)書(shu)館(guan)、工程館(guan)、勝利齋、一舍、七舍、老(lao)九舍等7棟(dong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柳(liu)(liu)士英先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作品(pin)。劉(liu)敦(dun)楨先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)早年考取官費留(liu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)日(ri)本，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柳(liu)(liu)士英的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)師弟。1926年受聘于湖(hu)(hu)南大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)土木(mu)(mu)系(xi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)教(jiao)授(shou)（劉(liu)敦(dun)楨先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)南人），1929年在(zai)土木(mu)(mu)系(xi)內(nei)創辦建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)組(zu)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)南大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)端，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)早創辦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)專業之(zhi)(zhi)一。1930年應邀北上(shang)與梁(liang)思成先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)共同(tong)組(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)研究(jiu)團體——中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)營造學(xue)(xue)(xue)社。梁(liang)思成任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)法式部(bu)(bu)(bu)主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，劉(liu)敦(dun)楨任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)獻部(bu)(bu)(bu)主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，成為早研究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)位(wei)重要人物之(zhi)(zhi)一，被(bei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)界稱(cheng)為“北梁(liang)南劉(liu)”。歷任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)南京中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)授(shou)、南京工學(xue)(xue)(xue)院教(jiao)授(shou)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院學(xue)(xue)(xue)部(bu)(bu)(bu)委員（相當于院士）。因為劉(liu)敦(dun)楨先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)一生(sheng)(sheng)主(zhu)要從(cong)事研究(jiu)和教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)，較少做設計(ji)(ji)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)作品(pin)不多(duo)。他(ta)(ta)1926年在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)教(jiao)時設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)院，成為他(ta)(ta)存(cun)世不多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早年建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)作品(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)一，非常寶貴(gui)。另(ling)外(wai)還(huan)有(you)一位(wei)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)師，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)土木(mu)(mu)系(xi)教(jiao)授(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔡(cai)澤奉(feng)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)。他(ta)(ta)設計(ji)(ji)了(le)(le)兩(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，一座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1938年被(bei)日(ri)軍(jun)飛(fei)機炸毀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)圖(tu)書(shu)館(guan)（今天矗立在(zai)牌樓口(kou)作為湖(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)入口(kou)標志的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)根石柱就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)圖(tu)書(shu)館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)物）；另(ling)一座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)館(guan)（今校(xiao)辦公樓）。惜蔡(cai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)英年早逝，他(ta)(ta)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)館(guan)尚未建(jian)(jian)(jian)成，自(zi)己(ji)都(dou)沒有(you)看到，四十多(duo)歲就(jiu)去(qu)世了(le)(le)。我(wo)們今天關(guan)于他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資料知之(zhi)(zhi)甚少，唯(wei)有(you)遙(yao)寄一份悼念之(zhi)(zhi)情而(er)已。