一、煤礦必須用礦用電纜嗎
礦用電纜一般都是阻(zu)燃防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de),礦井上(shang)使(shi)用的(de)(de)電纜(lan)都必(bi)(bi)須是防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電纜(lan),而且電纜(lan)必(bi)(bi)須有相應的(de)(de)煤礦安全(quan)證(zheng)書(shu),如煤礦安全(quan)中心(xin)頒發的(de)(de)MA煤安標證(zheng)書(shu)。選購煤礦用電纜(lan)必(bi)(bi)須從具備煤礦防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)資質證(zheng)書(shu)的(de)(de)廠家直接選購。
二、煤礦用電纜怎么敷設
礦(kuang)用(yong)電(dian)纜的敷(fu)設必須符合《煤(mei)礦(kuang)安全規(gui)程》的有關規(gui)定(ding)。具(ju)體要求(qiu)如(ru)下:
1、電纜敷設路徑的選擇
為降低電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)投資(zi)和(he)(he)線路上的(de)電(dian)壓、功率損失,電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)路徑(jing)應盡可能短。但(dan)是為安(an)(an)全起見(jian),在(zai)總回風(feng)巷和(he)(he)專用回風(feng)巷中,由于瓦(wa)斯和(he)(he)煤塵濃度較高不應敷(fu)設(she)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan),以防止電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)短路或漏電(dian)電(dian)火花引燃(ran)引爆(bao)瓦(wa)斯、煤塵;在(zai)溜(liu)放煤、矸石、材料的(de)溜(liu)道(dao)(dao)中嚴禁敷(fu)設(she)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan),以防止溜(liu)放物砸傷電(dian)纜(lan)(lan);在(zai)機(ji)械提(ti)升的(de)進風(feng)斜井(jing)(不包括輸送機(ji)上、下山)和(he)(he)使用木(mu)支(zhi)架的(de)立(li)井(jing)井(jing)筒中,敷(fu)設(she)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)時必(bi)須有可靠的(de)安(an)(an)全措施,以防提(ti)升機(ji)械掉道(dao)(dao)軋傷電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)和(he)(he)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)引燃(ran)木(mu)支(zhi)架。
2、電纜的敷設方式及要求
在水平巷道和傾角在30度以下的井巷中電纜應用吊鉤懸掛(與手持式和移動式設備聯結的電纜除外)。電纜的懸掛間距不得超過3米,并保證電纜的懸掛有適當的松(song)馳度,在意外受(shou)力(li)時(shi)有緩沖作用(yong)且能自由墜落。電纜的懸掛高度應保證(zheng)礦車掉道(dao)(dao)時(shi)不受(shou)撞擊,電纜墜落時(shi)不落在軌道(dao)(dao)和輸送機上。電纜穿墻部分應用(yong)套管(guan)保護并(bing)嚴密(mi)封堵管(guan)口(kou)。
在立井井筒和傾角在30度及其以上的井巷中,應(ying)用夾(jia)子、卡箍或其它(ta)夾(jia)持裝(zhuang)置固(gu)定電纜。夾(jia)持裝(zhuang)置應(ying)承受電纜的重量,但不得(de)(de)損傷電纜。電纜的懸掛間距在(zai)平巷或斜巷內不得(de)(de)超(chao)過(guo)3米(mi),在(zai)立井井筒內不得(de)(de)超(chao)過(guo)6米(mi)。
立井(jing)井(jing)筒中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)用(yong)的電纜中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間不得有(you)接(jie)頭(tou)。因井(jing)筒太深需要設置接(jie)頭(tou)時,應(ying)將接(jie)頭(tou)設置在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間水(shui)平(ping)巷(xiang)道內(nei)。無(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間水(shui)平(ping)巷(xiang)道可(ke)(ke)利用(yong)時,可(ke)(ke)在(zai)井(jing)筒中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設置接(jie)線盒(he)(he),接(jie)線盒(he)(he)應(ying)放置在(zai)托架上,不應(ying)使接(jie)頭(tou)承(cheng)受重力。
沿鉆孔敷設的電纜必須綁緊在鋼絲繩上,鉆孔必須加裝套管。向采(cai)掘機組等移動(dong)(dong)工作設備供電(dian)的電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)可盤圈或盤8字形帶(dai)電(dian),放在電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)車(che)上隨(sui)設備的移動(dong)(dong)而(er)收(shou)放。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)不得遭受(shou)淋水,應(ying)懸掛在風管(guan)和水管(guan)的(de)(de)上(shang)方(fang)(fang),并保(bao)持0.3米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)距離(li)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)必須(xu)與(yu)瓦斯(si)抽放(fang)(fang)管(guan)路(lu)分放(fang)(fang)在巷(xiang)道兩側(ce),以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)瓦斯(si)管(guan)路(lu)破損同時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)故障產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花引爆瓦斯(si)。通(tong)訊和信號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)應(ying)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)分掛在井巷(xiang)兩側(ce),以(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)強磁場對通(tong)訊信號的(de)(de)干擾(rao),如果受(shou)條件(jian)限制:在井筒內應(ying)敷設(she)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)0.3米(mi)以(yi)外的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang);在巷(xiang)道內應(ying)敷設(she)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)上(shang)方(fang)(fang)0.1米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)。高(gao)(gao)、低(di)(di)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)敷設(she)在巷(xiang)道同一側(ce)時,高(gao)(gao)、低(di)(di)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)距離(li)應(ying)大于0.1米(mi),高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)之(zhi)(zhi)間、低(di)(di)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)之(zhi)(zhi)間不得小于50毫米(mi)。
電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)上嚴禁懸掛任何物件,但井下(xia)巷(xiang)道內的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),沿線每(mei)隔一定距離、拐彎(wan)或分支點(dian)以及連接(jie)不同(tong)直徑(jing)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)接(jie)線盒兩端、穿(chuan)墻(qiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)墻(qiang)的(de)兩邊都應設置注有編號、用途(tu)、電(dian)(dian)壓和截(jie)面的(de)標(biao)志牌。