一、什么是硬線和軟線
1、硬線
硬(ying)線,也叫作BV線,如果單純(chun)從名字來看,這(zhe)種(zhong)電線硬(ying)度比較高,也比較粗。如果導(dao)體(ti)是(shi)一(yi)根粗銅芯(xin),那么(me)(me)它(ta)就單芯(xin)硬(ying)線(單股(gu)(gu)BV線),如果導(dao)體(ti)是(shi)多(duo)跟比較粗的銅芯(xin),那么(me)(me)它(ta)就是(shi)多(duo)芯(xin)硬(ying)線(多(duo)股(gu)(gu)BV線)。
導體越粗,載流量就越大,因此,單芯硬線(xian)(xian)都是(shi)10平(ping)方以(yi)下(xia)的電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian),多芯硬線(xian)(xian)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)是(shi)10平(ping)方,16平(ping)方以(yi)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)。在(zai)我們(men)家(jia)庭用電(dian)(dian)中,往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)不需要這(zhe)么大規格的電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian),所以(yi)如果家(jia)里裝修(xiu)要用硬線(xian)(xian)的話,基本(ben)上(shang)都是(shi)用單芯硬線(xian)(xian)。
2、軟線
軟(ruan)(ruan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也叫(jiao)(jiao)作BVR線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),與硬線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不同,它比較(jiao)柔軟(ruan)(ruan),我們可以把它理解為,把一根(gen)較(jiao)粗的導體分成(cheng)多條較(jiao)細的導體。以2.5平方線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為例子(zi),硬線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)只有一根(gen)銅(tong)(tong)芯,而軟(ruan)(ruan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)由多條銅(tong)(tong)絲組(zu)成(cheng)。所(suo)以,軟(ruan)(ruan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)沒有單芯的,只有多芯,所(suo)以BVR線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)全都可以叫(jiao)(jiao)做(zuo)多芯軟(ruan)(ruan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。
相(xiang)較于硬(ying)線(xian),軟(ruan)線(xian)有多(duo)種規格,無(wu)論是2.5平方線(xian)還是25平方線(xian),都可以是多(duo)芯軟(ruan)線(xian),只(zhi)不(bu)過越粗的軟(ruan)線(xian),銅絲數(shu)量越多(duo),分得越細而已。
二、家用電線硬線和軟線的區別
1、導線(xian)不(bu)同:硬(ying)線(xian)導線(xian)是(shi)由較粗、較硬(ying)的銅(tong)線(xian)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng),其(qi)銅(tong)線(xian)直徑(jing)一(yi)般大(da)于1毫米。硬(ying)線(xian)有(you)單股和多(duo)股兩種。軟(ruan)(ruan)線(xian)是(shi)由多(duo)根細的、柔軟(ruan)(ruan)的銅(tong)絲(si)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng),其(qi)銅(tong)絲(si)直徑(jing)一(yi)般不(bu)超過1毫米,軟(ruan)(ruan)線(xian)只(zhi)有(you)多(duo)股軟(ruan)(ruan)線(xian)。
2、施(shi)工(gong)的方便(bian)性(xing)不同:軟線(xian)會(hui)比硬(ying)線(xian)更(geng)方便(bian)施(shi)工(gong),比如說軟線(xian)更(geng)加柔軟,方便(bian)穿管,方便(bian)連(lian)接接頭等(deng)等(deng)。硬(ying)線(xian)施(shi)工(gong)時,在連(lian)接接頭、壓線(xian)時容易存在問題,施(shi)工(gong)難(nan)度(du)會(hui)更(geng)大。
3、承載功率(lv)不同:硬線的(de)承載功率(lv)會比(bi)軟(ruan)線更大。因為(wei)軟(ruan)線的(de)銅線較細(xi),如果軟(ruan)線連(lian)接(jie)大功率(lv)電氣產品,更容易出現電線被燒斷的(de)問題。
4、抗腐蝕性不同:硬線的抗腐蝕性能(neng)會比軟線更好。
5、使用壽命(ming)不同(tong):硬線(xian)的使用壽命(ming)比軟線(xian)更長,因為(wei)軟線(xian)銅線(xian)細,容(rong)易出現老(lao)化損壞等問題。
6、使用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果不(bu)同:軟線會比硬(ying)線的使用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果更(geng)好,其電流分布更(geng)均(jun)勻,更(geng)不(bu)容易出(chu)現(xian)電流集膚效(xiao)應。
7、價格不同:軟線的價格會高于(yu)硬線,因為軟線的工藝更復雜,其生產(chan)成本(ben)更貴。
三、家裝電線用軟線好還是硬線好
家裝電線硬線和軟(ruan)線并無好壞之分,只是不(bu)同(tong)的(de)特點決定了他們(men)的(de)應用情況(kuang)不(bu)同(tong)。
家庭裝修時,最(zui)好的方法是以硬線為主,作為隱藏在墻面和地下的線,經久耐用,安全性(xing)強,更加經濟(ji)。
再以軟線為(wei)輔(fu),作為(wei)家電、照明、插座(zuo)面板的線,方便在狹窄的穿線盒里施工,更能帶負荷,連接更多的電器。
需要注(zhu)意(yi)的是,家裝線路中,軟(ruan)線的線頭(tou)一定要做焊(han)錫處理。