【蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)子(zi)大全】蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)子(zi)怎么播(bo)種(zhong) 蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)子(zi)播(bo)種(zhong)的四大原則
蔬(shu)菜種(zhong)(zhong)子怎么播種(zhong)(zhong)
1、規整土地
用農具把(ba)土地翻開(kai),松(song)軟土壤(rang),增(zeng)加空氣濕度,在合理分壟。
2、種(zhong)子拌土(tu)
由于種子太小,直接撒到地里面恐怕撒不均勻,造成部分種子集中生長,部分土壤沒有種子。所以用拖子盛點土與種(zhong)子拌均勻(yun),這樣撒(sa)開就均勻(yun)多了。
3、撒種
松(song)軟好(hao)的土壤可以直(zhi)接播(bo)撒種子,均勻播(bo)撒待發芽(ya)時整塊(kuai)地才綠(lv)油(you)油(you)的。
4、蓋土
播撒完種(zhong)子以后,要在地表蓋上(shang)一層(ceng)土,這(zhe)樣防止太陽照射損壞種(zhong)子,也是為了防止水(shui)分蒸發過快造成種(zhong)子曬(shai)死、干死。
5、播撒技巧(qiao)
播(bo)撒(sa)(sa)種(zhong)子時(shi)不能(neng)站直身體,要下腰半蹲著走著撒(sa)(sa),這樣播(bo)撒(sa)(sa)時(shi)離(li)地面近才保證(zheng)均勻,太高也會(hui)受(shou)風的影(ying)響把(ba)種(zhong)子吹跑,造成(cheng)不均勻播(bo)種(zhong)。
蔬(shu)菜(cai)種子(zi)播種的四(si)大原則
一(yi)是計算播種量,按(an)大田用苗(miao)量、種子發芽率及成苗(miao)率,略有多余的原(yuan)則播種,以免過多造(zao)成浪費。
二是進(jin)行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處理(li),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1~2天,對種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子進(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)毒(du),以(yi)殺滅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子攜帶(dai)的(de)病(bing)原(yuan)菌,可采(cai)用溫湯浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)法、熱水燙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)法或藥劑消(xiao)毒(du)法,簡便常用的(de)方(fang)法是溫湯浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)法,用5~6倍55℃左(zuo)右的(de)溫水浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不斷攪拌,保持水溫10~15分(fen)鐘,即可讓水溫降低繼續浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
三是要進行浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催芽(ya),以提高(gao)出苗率及整齊度,不同的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催芽(ya)時(shi)間及溫度均不同,如喜歡高(gao)溫的(de)西(xi)甜瓜等(deng)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一般為浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12小時(shi),要求在 30℃左右(you)溫度催芽(ya)30小時(shi)左右(you)發芽(ya)后再播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),而夏秋高(gao)溫季節(jie)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)喜冷(leng)涼(liang)的(de)芹菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、香(xiang)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)等(deng)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)則要求在20℃左右(you)溫度催芽(ya)24小時(shi)左右(you)再播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
四是播種前要整平苗床,鋪好營養土,提前澆足底水,種子晾干后(hou)均勻撒播在苗(miao)床上(shang)(shang),西甜瓜等穴播的要求芽(ya)眼朝(chao)下,覆蓋上(shang)(shang)適量的營養土,再蓋上(shang)(shang)稻草、地膜或遮陽網即(ji)可。掌(zhang)握(wo)出(chu)苗(miao)前保持較(jiao)高的溫度,出(chu)苗(miao)后(hou)及(ji)時降低溫度,防止徒長。
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