十字花科:蘿(luo)卜(bu)、蕪菁、蕪菁甘(gan)藍、芥藍、結球甘(gan)藍、抱(bao)子甘(gan)藍、羽衣(yi)甘(gan)藍、花(hua)(hua)椰(ye)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、青花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、球莖甘(gan)藍、小白菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、結球白菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、葉用(yong)芥菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、莖用(yong)芥菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、芽用(yong)芥菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、根用(yong)芥菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、辣根、豆瓣菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、薺菜(cai)(cai)(cai)。
豆科:豆薯、菜豆、豌豆、蠶豆、豇豆、菜用大豆、扁豆、刀豆、矮刀豆、苜(mu)蓿。
傘形科:芹菜、根(gen)芹、水芹、芫荽、胡蘿卜、小茴香(xiang)等。
唇形科:薄荷、荊(jing)芥、羅勒、草(cao)石蠶。
茄科:馬鈴薯、茄子、番茄、辣椒、香艷茄、酸漿。
葫蘆科:黃瓜(gua)(gua)、甜(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)、南瓜(gua)(gua)(中(zhong)國南瓜(gua)(gua))、筍(sun)瓜(gua)(gua)(印度南瓜(gua)(gua))、西葫蘆(美洲南瓜(gua)(gua))、西瓜(gua)(gua)、冬瓜(gua)(gua)、瓠(hu)瓜(gua)(gua)(葫蘆)、普通絲(si)瓜(gua)(gua)(有棱絲(si)瓜(gua)(gua))、苦瓜(gua)(gua)、佛手瓜(gua)(gua)、蛇瓜(gua)(gua)。
菊科:萵苣(ju)(萵筍、長葉(xie)萵苣(ju)、皺葉(xie)萵苣(ju)、結球萵苣(ju))、茼蒿、菊(ju)芋、苦(ku)苣(ju)、紫(zi)背天葵(kui)、牛蒡、朝鮮薊(ji)。
根菜類蔬菜:又分(fen)肉質根(gen)菜(cai)(cai)類(lei)和塊根(gen)菜(cai)(cai)類(lei)。前者包括蘿卜、胡蘿卜、大頭(tou)菜(cai)(cai)、蕪箐、蕪箐甘藍(lan)、根(gen)用甜(tian)菜(cai)(cai)等;塊根(gen)菜(cai)(cai)類(lei)有豆薯、葛(ge)等。
芽菜類蔬菜:如豌豆芽、喬麥芽、苜蓿芽、蘿卜芽等。【詳細】
1、不要盲目求新
每一個地(di)區都有幾個常規(gui)大(da)量栽培的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),它們適(shi)應(ying)性強、高(gao)產抗病,很受(shou)市場歡迎(ying)。但有些菜(cai)農總認為買新奇品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)好,其(qi)實(shi)恰恰相反,沒有經過(guo)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),極(ji)易失敗。一定要選(xuan)自(zi)己已種(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)或別人(ren)種(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)多年的(de)(de)好品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)才行。要種(zhong)(zhong)新奇品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),必(bi)須經過(guo)2—3年小面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)后再大(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)植。
2、買種不能圖便宜
目前市場上銷售的種子很多都是(shi)雜(za)(za)交一(yi)代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),二代(dai)留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就嚴重分離退化減(jian)產。而有些(xie)雜(za)(za)交一(yi)代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)價(jia)格高,有些(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)看到有利可圖,就用二代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)或其他(ta)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)代(dai)替而低價(jia)銷售,給生產者造成巨大損失(shi)。所以買種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)能光看說明書和(he)包裝(zhuang),也要看銷售者的(de)信譽度再買。
3、購種時應注(zhu)意(yi)三看
一(yi)要(yao)看(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)。現在(zai)市場上經銷的(de)(de)蔬菜瓜(gua)果(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)都(dou)實行(xing)了(le)小(xiao)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),要(yao)選擇包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)美觀大方(fang),有商(shang)標(biao)及信(xin)譽較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)。要(yao)看(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)袋(dai)上的(de)(de)圖形和(he)字跡是(shi)否清(qing)晰,袋(dai)上標(biao)注的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱、產(chan)地、凈含量(liang)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)經營許可證編(bian)號、質(zhi)量(liang)指標(biao)、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)明(ming)、檢疫證明(ming)編(bian)號、生產(chan)單(dan)位及聯系地址、聯系方(fang)式、生產(chan)年(nian)月等內(nei)容是(shi)否齊(qi)全、明(ming)確(que)。不(bu)要(yao)購買包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)差,字跡模糊不(bu)清(qing),袋(dai)上標(biao)注內(nei)容不(bu)標(biao)準、不(bu)正規、不(bu)明(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)。二要(yao)看(kan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介紹和(he)栽培技(ji)術(shu)。任何(he)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)適應地區和(he)適應季(ji)節(jie),要(yao)認真查看(kan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介紹和(he)了(le)解栽培技(ji)術(shu),以便根(gen)據(ju)當地的(de)(de)自然條(tiao)件、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植管理水平選擇對路品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),決定(ding)購買數(shu)量(liang)。三要(yao)看(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時應查看(kan)一(yi)下包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)內(nei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質(zhi)量(liang)情況。一(yi)般質(zhi)量(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)凈度較(jiao)(jiao)高,沒有雜(za)質(zhi),如小(xiao)土(tu)塊及其他種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)顏(yan)色、粒型(xing)、大小(xiao)均勻一(yi)致,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)表(biao)皮富有光澤(ze)、新鮮,有些(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)還具(ju)有特殊的(de)(de)味道(dao),如辣(la)椒、芹菜等新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)比陳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)味道(dao)濃。另外,還要(yao)向售(shou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)位索取注明(ming)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱、數(shu)量(liang)、價格,具(ju)售(shou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)位公章(zhang)的(de)(de)發票。
4、選購種(zhong)子時不(bu)要被種(zhong)子商忽悠(you)
大多數種(zhong)(zhong)子商喜歡推(tui)廣(guang)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),因為(wei)(wei)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)利潤高(gao),但(dan)有些新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)只是老品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)或類似(si)的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)換個包裝和名稱而已(yi)。因此建(jian)議(yi)在購種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)要以老品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)主,少(shao)量(liang)購買新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)試種(zhong)(zhong),這樣不至于上當受騙(pian)。
1、要保(bao)存好購買種(zhong)子(zi)時的發票。
2、要及時拆開一袋(dai)做一下(xia)發芽(ya)率。如芽(ya)率不好的,要及時與購種單位聯系,請求(qiu)退貨或調(diao)換。
3、要注意保存種子。可將購買的種子放入布袋內,吊掛在陰涼通風處;也可將袋裝種子或用剩的種子重新密封好后放入冰箱或冷藏室保存。【蔬菜種子儲存方法】
4、種子播種后要保留一定的樣品和包裝袋,萬一種子質量有問題,種子播種后不能復原,可以此取得證據。【詳細】
1、計算播種量
按大田(tian)用(yong)苗(miao)量、種子發芽率及(ji)成苗(miao)率,略(lve)有(you)多(duo)余的原(yuan)則播種,以(yi)免過多(duo)造(zao)成浪費(fei)。
2、種子處理
種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1~2天(tian),對種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)進(jin)行(xing)消毒(du)(du),以殺滅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)攜(xie)帶(dai)的(de)(de)病原菌,可采用溫(wen)湯(tang)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)法(fa)、熱水(shui)燙種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)法(fa)或藥劑消毒(du)(du)法(fa),簡便常用的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)是溫(wen)湯(tang)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)法(fa),用5~6倍55℃左右的(de)(de)溫(wen)水(shui)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不斷攪(jiao)拌(ban),保持水(shui)溫(wen)10~15分鐘,即可讓水(shui)溫(wen)降(jiang)低繼續浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
3、浸種催芽
以提(ti)高出苗率及整齊度(du),不(bu)同的蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)子的浸種(zhong)(zhong)催(cui)芽(ya)時(shi)間及溫度(du)均不(bu)同,如喜(xi)歡(huan)高溫的西甜(tian)瓜等(deng)(deng)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)品種(zhong)(zhong)一般為(wei)浸種(zhong)(zhong)12小(xiao)時(shi),要求在(zai)30℃左(zuo)右(you)溫度(du)催(cui)芽(ya)30小(xiao)時(shi)左(zuo)右(you)發芽(ya)后(hou)再播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),而(er)夏秋高溫季節播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)喜(xi)冷涼的芹菜(cai)(cai)、香菜(cai)(cai)等(deng)(deng)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)則(ze)要求在(zai)20℃左(zuo)右(you)溫度(du)催(cui)芽(ya)24小(xiao)時(shi)左(zuo)右(you)再播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。
4、整平苗床
鋪好營養土,提前澆足底水,種子晾干后均勻撒播在苗床上,西甜瓜等穴播的要求芽眼朝下,覆蓋上適量的營養土,再蓋上稻草、地膜或遮陽網即可。掌握出苗前保持較高的溫度,出苗后及時降低溫度,防止徒長。【詳細】
春季種什么蔬菜種子好 |
韭菜、莧菜、西紅柿、苦瓜、絲瓜、豌豆、四季(ji)豆、魚腥(xing)草等(deng)。 |
夏季(ji)種什(shen)么蔬菜種子好 |
空(kong)心菜(cai)、西洋菜(cai)、花菜(cai)、油麥菜(cai)、黃瓜、冬瓜、南瓜、西瓜、菜(cai)瓜、辣(la)椒、苦瓜等。 |
秋季種(zhong)什么蔬菜(cai)種(zhong)子好(hao) |
白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)、白(bai)蘿卜(bu)、豇豆(dou)、油(you)豆(dou)、菠菜(cai)(cai)、香菜(cai)(cai)、紅菜(cai)(cai)苔、大(da)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)、芹菜(cai)(cai)、秋(qiu)茄子、茼蒿、萵苣等(deng)。 |
冬季種什么蔬菜種子好 |
青(qing)菜(cai)、菜(cai)心(xin)、菠菜(cai)、生菜(cai)、胡蘿卜、香菜(cai)、百合、蘿卜、芥(jie)菜(cai)等。 |
1、芹菜:清(qing)水浸(jin)種(zhong)12~24小時,再(zai)用(yong)清(qing)水沖洗并用(yong)手揉搓(cuo)(cuo),將種(zhong)皮(pi)搓(cuo)(cuo)開后(hou)(hou),攤開晾(liang)種(zhong)。待(dai)種(zhong)子水分稍干(gan)后(hou)(hou),用(yong)濕布包(bao)好,置20℃左右的陰(yin)涼處催芽,3~4天(tian)后(hou)(hou)即可播種(zhong)。
2、西芹:用48℃溫水浸種(zhong)30分鐘,然后用濕(shi)紗布(bu)包褒置于15~20℃溫度下催芽,并經常淘洗,7~12天(tian)后種(zhong)子發芽時即可播種(zhong)。
3、木耳萊:在25℃~30℃溫(wen)水中浸種(zhong)1~2天(tian),井在30℃左右(you)溫(wen)度(du)下催(cui)芽(ya),可在7天(tian)左右(you)出苗(miao)播種(zhong)。
4、菠菜:清水浸種(zhong)12~24小時,在水中充分攪拌,于10℃~15℃溫(wen)度下催(cui)芽,3~4天(tian)后大部分種(zhong)子發(fa)芽時即可播(bo)種(zhong)。
5、萵苣:種(zhong)(zhong)子清洗后浸種(zhong)(zhong)5~10小時(shi),取出(chu)(chu)置于5℃低溫下一晝夜(ye),然后攤(tan)在濕毛巾(紗(sha)(sha)布)上,上面(mian)再蓋一層(ceng)紗(sha)(sha)布保(bao)濕,室內見光催芽,1~2天后播種(zhong)(zhong),播后保(bao)持土壤濕潤,以(yi)不蓋土出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)為好(hao)。
6、香菜:播種前(qian)先把種果(guo)搓開,清(qing)水浸12~24小時,置20℃~32℃溫度催芽,待大(da)部分(fen)種子發芽后(hou)即可播種。
7、空心菜:50℃~55℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)中浸種(zhong),不斷攪拌至水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)30℃時(shi),保(bao)持恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)浸種(zhong)5~10小時(shi),后取(qu)出用(yong)濕布包好(hao),在(zai)20℃~25℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度下催芽,待大(da)部分種(zhong)子萌發后播種(zhong),播后需覆蓋(gai)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。
8、胡蘿卜:選(xuan)用(yong)優質新種(zhong)子,搓(cuo)去刺毛,創造(zao)良好的(de)發(fa)芽條件。發(fa)芽后即(ji)可播(bo)種(zhong)。
9、碗豆:選用優質新種子,用25℃~30℃溫水浸種1~2天,置于20℃~30℃溫度下催芽,大部分種子發芽后即可播種。【詳細】
如黑豆芽苗菜、紅豆、黃豆、綠豆芽苗菜、大葉香菜、空心菜、蘿卜芽菜、蕎麥芽菜苗、小白菜、小麥草、油菜苗、苜蓿、香椿、豌豆、蕓松等等,這些種子只需要水,鋪上一層紙就可以長出蔬菜。【詳細】