簡介
泉州府(fu)文廟是(shi)全國重點(dian)文物保護單(dan)位,其建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)規模(mo)宏(hong)大(da),是(shi)集(ji)宋、元(yuan)、明、清(qing)四朝代的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形式的(de)孔廟建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun);歷史悠久,規制完整,氣勢宏(hong)大(da),文化(hua)內涵豐厚(hou),是(shi)東南(nan)地區聞名(ming)遐邇的(de)最大(da)的(de)文廟建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun);布(bu)局勻稱(cheng),建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)優美,造型獨(du)特,是(shi)宋代中原文化(hua)和(he)閩南(nan)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)的(de)有(you)機結合。
文(wen)廟位于市區(qu)繁華(hua)的商(shang)業區(qu)中心地段(duan),鯉城區(qu)中山中路泮(pan)宮內(nei)。文(wen)廟內(nei)設有“泉州(zhou)(zhou)府文(wen)廟文(wen)物陳列館”、“泉州(zhou)(zhou)歷(li)史名人紀(ji)念館”、“泉州(zhou)(zhou)古代教育展覽館”。
歷史
府文(wen)廟始建(jian)于唐(tang)開元(yuan)末(mo)年(nian)(nian),北宋太(tai)平興國初年(nian)(nian)移建(jian)孔廟于此,太(tai)平興國七年(nian)(nian)(982年(nian)(nian))建(jian)為(wei)州(zhou)學,后(hou)又遷(qian)他處(chu),北宋大(da)觀三年(nian)(nian)(1109年(nian)(nian))遷(qian)回(hui),南(nan)宋紹興七年(nian)(nian)(1137年(nian)(nian))重建(jian)。
建筑
府(fu)文廟主(zhu)體建筑大成殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)典型的宋(song)代重(zhong)檐廡(wu)(wu)殿(dian)(dian)式結(jie)構(gou)(gou)。面闊7間(jian)35.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),進深(shen)5間(jian)22.7米(mi)(mi)(mi),斗(dou)拱(gong)抬梁式木結(jie)構(gou)(gou),以48根白石柱(zhu)承托,正面有(you)浮雕(diao)盤龍檐柱(zhu)8根,風格古樸,在全國現存文廟中(zhong)甚屬(shu)罕見。殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian)砌露(lu)臺(tai),臺(tai)明嵌(qian)有(you)仰(yang)蓮、復蓮、扶桑、山茶、牡(mu)丹、芙蓉等(deng)輝(hui)綠巖石浮雕(diao)。臺(tai)下通道、拜(bai)庭,兩(liang)旁古榕垂蔭(yin),庭外為(wei)半月(yue)形泮(pan)(pan)(pan)池(chi)。上有(you)元(yuan)代建的泮(pan)(pan)(pan)橋,梁式石構(gou)(gou),中(zhong)部拱(gong)起,兩(liang)邊(bian)有(you)石構(gou)(gou)護(hu)欄。大成殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian)東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)側筑有(you)東(dong)廡(wu)(wu)和西(xi)廡(wu)(wu),全長112米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)。兩(liang)廡(wu)(wu)前(qian)(qian)正中(zhong)為(wei)大成門(men)(men)(men)三(san)(san)開間(jian),二進深(shen),左(zuo)為(wei)金聲,右為(wei)玉(yu)振(zhen),三(san)(san)門(men)(men)(men)聯成一(yi)體,寬(kuan)60米(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)。門(men)(men)(men)外為(wei)露(lu)埕寬(kuan)66米(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)60米(mi)(mi)(mi),可容數千人(ren),左(zuo)右為(wei)禮門(men)(men)(men)、義(yi)路。西(xi)面臨(lin)中(zhong)山街(jie)建有(you)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)宮門(men)(men)(men)。廟東(dong)有(you)明倫堂七(qi)開間(jian),寬(kuan)36.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),五進深(shen)21.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),前(qian)(qian)有(you)寬(kuan)深(shen)36米(mi)(mi)(mi)的露(lu)庭,東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)書齋,庭前(qian)(qian)有(you)方池(chi)寬(kuan)29米(mi)(mi)(mi),長43.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)有(you)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)寬(kuan)的石橋,圍以石護(hu)欄。外為(wei)育英門(men)(men)(men),再往(wang)東(dong)原存有(you)尊經閣(ge)和名宦、鄉賢祠等(deng)建筑。
文物
府(fu)(fu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)內(nei)設(she)有(you)“泉州府(fu)(fu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物陳列館(guan)(guan)”、“泉州歷史名(ming)(ming)人(ren)紀(ji)念(nian)館(guan)(guan)”、“泉州古(gu)代教育展覽館(guan)(guan)”。“泉州府(fu)(fu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物陳列館(guan)(guan)”設(she)在(zai)大(da)成殿(dian)內(nei),正中有(you)孔子塑像(xiang),兩旁有(you)四配十二哲畫像(xiang)。主要文(wen)(wen)(wen)物有(you)傳世(shi)祭孔樂器(qi)、舞(wu)器(qi)、禮器(qi)等(deng)。其中六(liu)件青銅豆(dou)鑄(zhu)有(you)“乾(qian)隆十一(yi)年臺灣知府(fu)(fu)蔣元樞(shu)捐造,貢(gong)(gong)生蔣鴻皋(gao)監制(zhi)”和鑄(zhu)有(you)“同治六(liu)年五月鑄(zhu),州同御即造,訓導鄭(zheng)秉經郊行李(li)樹監鑄(zhu)”及(ji)“臺灣北路淡水同知嚴金(jin)清(qing)謹制(zhi)”的銘文(wen)(wen)(wen)編鐘。是研究泉州文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)與臺灣文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)的歷史淵源關系的實物資料(liao)。“泉州歷史名(ming)(ming)人(ren)紀(ji)念(nian)館(guan)(guan)”設(she)在(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)西廡,陳列有(you)唐、五代、宋(song)、元、明、清(qing)等(deng)朝代文(wen)(wen)(wen)化名(ming)(ming)人(ren)三(san)十八(ba)位。這些人(ren)物從各個(ge)歷史時(shi)期反(fan)映出泉州人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)薈萃(cui)、人(ren)杰地靈,在(zai)政治、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化、經濟、軍事以(yi)(yi)及(ji)海外交(jiao)通(tong)、國家(jia)統(tong)一(yi)等(deng)領域為社(she)會以(yi)(yi)至世(shi)界(jie)作出重大(da)貢(gong)(gong)獻。展品使用現代彩色蠟像(xiang)工藝制(zhi)作,配以(yi)(yi)精制(zhi)各時(shi)代服飾(shi),形象逼真、栩栩如(ru)生。
猴年央視晚分會場
2016年(nian)2月7日(ri)20:00,福建省泉(quan)州(zhou)府文廟(miao)被選(xuan)為2016年(nian)中(zhong)央電(dian)視臺春節聯歡晚會——泉(quan)州(zhou)分會場。