甌(ou)劇(ju)(ju)已有三百多年歷史,較有影響(xiang)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)劇(ju)(ju)目有《高機與吳三春》、《陽(yang)河摘印(yin)》以及創(chuang)作的(de)(de)現代戲(xi)(xi)《東(dong)海小(xiao)哨兵》等(deng)。甌(ou)劇(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)音(yin)樂除亂(luan)彈(dan)外,還有高腔、昆曲、徽戲(xi)(xi)、皮黃等(deng)劇(ju)(ju)種的(de)(de)唱(chang)腔曲調,十(shi)分豐富多彩。甌(ou)劇(ju)(ju)唱(chang)腔分“正亂(luan)彈(dan)”和“反亂(luan)彈(dan)”;正亂(luan)彈(dan)主要曲調有[慢亂(luan)彈(dan)]、[二(er)漢(han)]、[玉麒]、[流(liu)水]、[小(xiao)桃紅]等(deng);反亂(luan)彈(dan)有[錦翠(cui)]、[洛梆子]、[反流(liu)水]、[反緊板(ban)]等(deng)。
溫(wen)州是(shi)宋(song)代南戲(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)發(fa)(fa)源地(di)。明(ming)代以后(hou),高(gao)腔(qiang)、昆腔(qiang)流行(xing)(xing)于浙江南部,明(ming)末清(qing)初,溫(wen)州的(de)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)班以演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)高(gao)腔(qiang)和昆腔(qiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),亂彈(dan)腔(qiang)傳入(ru)后(hou),逐漸兼(jian)唱(chang)(chang)“高(gao)”、“昆”、“亂”。當(dang)時(shi)溫(wen)州一帶農(nong)村流行(xing)(xing)一種(zhong)半職(zhi)(zhi)業性的(de)“三月(yue)班”,農(nong)閑時(shi)結班做(zuo)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)。農(nong)忙時(shi)務農(nong)。這種(zhong)班社起初僅有八個演(yan)(yan)員,只能演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)《浪子踢(ti)球》、《賣胭脂》等(deng)小(xiao)戲(xi)(xi)(xi),在演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)角色較多的(de)劇目時(shi),則采(cai)取跑角、兼(jian)角辦法。后(hou)逐漸發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)業性班社。清(qing)代中(zhong)葉(xie),溫(wen)州的(de)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)班又吸收了徽(hui)調、灘簧和時(shi)調,逐漸發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)多聲腔(qiang)的(de)劇種(zhong),并出(chu)(chu)現規模較大的(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業班社。但此時(shi)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)昆腔(qiang)、高(gao)腔(qiang)者漸少,而(er)以亂彈(dan)腔(qiang)“正亂彈(dan)”、“反亂彈(dan)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。
據史料考證,溫州(zhou)一帶最早的(de)亂彈(dan)(dan)班(ban)是(shi)以洪全本為班(ban)主的(de)“老錦(jin)秀(xiu)”班(ban),成立(li)于清乾隆年間(jian)(1736-1795)。老錦(jin)秀(xiu)班(ban)是(shi)具(ju)多種聲腔而以亂彈(dan)(dan)腔為主的(de)班(ban)社(she),能(neng)演八(ba)十四本大(da)戲,成為后來溫州(zhou)亂彈(dan)(dan)固(gu)定的(de)傳統劇目(mu)。清嘉慶(1796-1820)年間(jian),班(ban)社(she)有(you)日秀(xiu)、三星、小春花、八(ba)永義等(deng)。
道光(guang)(1821-1850)時(shi),溫(wen)州(zhou)一(yi)帶商業(ye)(ye)、手(shou)工業(ye)(ye)更(geng)加繁榮,人(ren)口激增,班社一(yi)度發展(zhan)到三十余個,主(zhu)要(yao)班社有新益(yi)奇、竹馬歌(ge)、老(lao)同慶(qing)、新聯奇、新同慶(qing)、大(da)三異、大(da)吉慶(qing)、小同慶(qing)等。活(huo)動(dong)區域除浙(zhe)(zhe)南的溫(wen)州(zhou)、臺(tai)州(zhou)(治今臨海)、處州(zhou)(轄(xia)今浙(zhe)(zhe)江麗水、縉云(yun)、青田、遂昌、龍泉、龍和等縣)外,還(huan)遠及閩(min)北(bei)、贛東北(bei)等地,相當(dang)繁盛。
宣統二年(nian)(nian)(1910)后(hou),京劇(ju)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)在溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)流行(xing),溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)衰落(luo)。二十世紀三(san)十年(nian)(nian)代,大部分班社(she)解(jie)體,致使(shi)溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)一蹶不振,到40年(nian)(nian)代,僅存老(lao)(lao)鳳(feng)玉、新鳳(feng)玉、勝(sheng)(sheng)鳳(feng)玉三(san)個班社(she)。建國(guo)后(hou),有關部門將(jiang)老(lao)(lao)鳳(feng)玉、新鳳(feng)玉、勝(sheng)(sheng)鳳(feng)玉三(san)個班社(she)合并(bing)組成(cheng)勝(sheng)(sheng)利亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)劇(ju)團。1950年(nian)(nian)后(hou)又先后(hou)成(cheng)立“更新”、“紅(hong)星”等班,1955年(nian)(nian)合并(bing)為溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)劇(ju)團。1959年(nian)(nian)溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)更名甌(ou)劇(ju),溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)劇(ju)團也改(gai)稱為溫(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)地區甌(ou)劇(ju)團。
甌劇唱做并重(zhong),文(wen)武兼(jian)備,以做工見長。武戲(xi)吸(xi)收民間(jian)拳術和武技,緊(jin)湊、驚險。所用(yong)語言為溫州(zhou)官(guan)話(hua),唯(wei)丑腳用(yong)溫州(zhou)方(fang)言。
甌(ou)劇的音樂唱(chang)腔(qiang)由高腔(qiang)、昆腔(qiang)、亂(luan)彈(dan)、徽調、灘簧、時調等多種(zhong)聲(sheng)腔(qiang)構(gou)成,現代甌(ou)劇以唱(chang)亂(luan)彈(dan)腔(qiang)為主,兼(jian)唱(chang)他(ta)腔(qiang)。一劇中兼(jian)唱(chang)幾種(zhong)不同聲(sheng)腔(qiang),表演上(shang)已形成統一的藝(yi)術風格(ge),具有樸素、明快、粗(cu)獷而細膩的特點(dian)。傳統曲牌有一千多支(zhi)。因(yin)長期活動于農(nong)村山鄉(xiang),表演上(shang)生活氣(qi)息濃厚,形式上(shang)格(ge)律不嚴。
甌劇(ju)的高腔(qiang),音(yin)(yin)樂結構為曲牌聯套體,僅以鑼鼓(gu)助節,無管弦樂器伴(ban)奏(個別(bie)劇(ju)目(mu),如《磨房(fang)串(chuan)戲》和《循環報》中,有一段(duan)有管弦伴(ban)奏)。演出時,一人獨唱,眾人幫腔(qiang),音(yin)(yin)調高亢,風格(ge)(ge)粗(cu)獷。不少曲牌頻繁使(shi)用宮調交(jiao)替和轉換手法(fa),形成特有風格(ge)(ge)。
甌劇的(de)亂(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan),分(fen)為正(zheng)亂(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)和(he)反(fan)亂(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)兩種,均為板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式變(bian)化體 結(jie)(jie)構。定調正(zheng)、反(fan)相差5度,各有(you)原(yuan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、疊(die)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、緊板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、流(liu)(liu)水和(he)起(qi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、抽(chou)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、煞板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等變(bian)化,并有(you)“洛梆(bang)子”、“二(er)漢”等其他(ta)曲調。亂(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)腔(qiang)曲調華彩(cai),優美(mei)動聽,由于用中原(yuan)音(yin)(yin)韻結(jie)(jie)合溫州(zhou)方言演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang),唱(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)具有(you)地方特色。在甌劇“正(zheng)宗”的(de)傳統亂(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)大(da)戲中,大(da)都唱(chang)(chang)(chang)正(zheng)亂(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)。故正(zheng)亂(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)一向(xiang)被稱為“祖音(yin)(yin)源流(liu)(liu)”或“主音(yin)(yin)源流(liu)(liu)”。它與(yu)(yu)當地民間音(yin)(yin)樂有(you)明顯(xian)聯(lian)系(xi)。作為亂(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)腔(qiang)基(ji)本板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)腔(qiang)之一的(de)“原(yuan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”為上下句結(jie)(jie)構,明亮剛健,可(ke)變(bian)性大(da),既(ji)可(ke)表現歡快感情(qing),又能抒(shu)發低沉(chen)的(de)情(qing)緒。反(fan)調原(yuan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在節奏與(yu)(yu)結(jie)(jie)構上,與(yu)(yu)正(zheng)調原(yuan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)相似,僅較(jiao)正(zheng)調原(yuan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)平柔委婉,調式也不同(tong)(tong)。正(zheng)、反(fan)原(yuan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),均可(ke)單獨演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang),也常與(yu)(yu)疊(die)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、流(liu)(liu)水等板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式聯(lian)結(jie)(jie)使用。正(zheng)流(liu)(liu)水板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)氣氛喧囂,適宜于悲哀(ai)的(de)感情(qing),可(ke)單獨使用,亦(yi)可(ke)與(yu)(yu)其他(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式作聯(lian)接。流(liu)(liu)水板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)(yu)緊板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)旋律基(ji)本相同(tong)(tong),緊板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)以散(san)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)形式演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang),流(liu)(liu)水板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)以1/4節拍快速演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)。在演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)中,伴(ban)以大(da)鑼(luo)大(da)鼓(gu)。反(fan)流(liu)(liu)水板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)結(jie)(jie)構和(he)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)方法(fa)與(yu)(yu)正(zheng)流(liu)(liu)水板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)同(tong)(tong),但比前(qian)者激越高亢。
甌劇音(yin)樂樸素、明快、流暢(chang),表現力很(hen)強,能細致地(di)表達各種人(ren)物(wu)內心復雜感情(qing)。
甌(ou)劇語音(yin)是溫州(zhou)方言加中州(zhou)韻。俗(su)稱(cheng)“亂彈(dan)白”或“書面溫語”(溫州(zhou)官話)。旦(dan)角(jiao)以(yi)假(jia)嗓(又(you)稱(cheng)陽喉)為(wei)主,真(zhen)(zhen)假(jia)聲結合;小(xiao)生(sheng)則以(yi)真(zhen)(zhen)假(jia)嗓結合,以(yi)本嗓為(wei)主,謂之“子母喉”(也叫雌(ci)雄喉,陰陽喉);大花多(duo)用咋(za)音(yin);老生(sheng)、老旦(dan)用本嗓;老生(sheng)多(duo)用“堂音(yin)”、“虎音(yin)”,老旦(dan)多(duo)用腦后(hou)音(yin)。
伴奏(zou)樂(le)器,以笛子為正吹,板胡(舊稱(cheng)“副吹”)為主(zhu)要(yao)伴奏(zou)樂(le)器。此(ci)外,尚有琵琶、三弦(xian)、月琴(qin)、揚琴(qin)、二(er)胡、中胡、大(da)胡、笙、簫、嗩吶(na)、長號(hao)、蘆管(guan)、牛筋琴(qin)等。
甌(ou)劇(ju)的(de)廣場(chang)曲(qu)(qu)牌有絲竹曲(qu)(qu)和嗩吶曲(qu)(qu)兩種。多能伴以各種鑼(luo)鼓(gu),富有地方色彩(cai)。其中〔什錦頭通(tong)〕、〔西皮頭通(tong)〕、〔一封書〕,為(wei)甌(ou)劇(ju)著名的(de)“三大頭通(tong)”。
甌劇(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)演(yan),唱(chang)做并(bing)重,以(yi)做功(gong)(gong)見長(chang)。如(ru)(ru)小生(sheng)(sheng)可分窮(qiong)生(sheng)(sheng)戲(xi)(xi)、風(feng)雅戲(xi)(xi)、花(hua)戲(xi)(xi)、箭(jian)(jian)袍戲(xi)(xi)、雌雄(xiong)戲(xi)(xi)、(童生(sheng)(sheng))戲(xi)(xi)、胡子戲(xi)(xi)。在《陳州(zhou)擂(lei)》、《玉麒麝》等(deng)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong),翻撲跌(die)(die)打(da),一應俱全。小旦(dan)有(you)悲、花(hua)、潑、癲、唱(chang)、武(wu) 等(deng)六類(lei)戲(xi)(xi);花(hua)旦(dan)須(xu)兼演(yan)刀馬(ma)旦(dan),有(you)時(shi)還要反串武(wu)小生(sheng)(sheng),如(ru)(ru)《哪(na)咤(zha)鬧海(hai)》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哪(na)咤(zha),是花(hua)旦(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重頭(tou)戲(xi)(xi)。二(er)花(hua)兼演(yan)武(wu)花(hua)臉(lian),如(ru)(ru):《紫(zi)陽觀(guan)》中(zhong)(zhong)杜青,要有(you)“飛腿”、“倒爬(pa)”、“水雞步(bu)”、“虎跳(tiao)”等(deng)武(wu)功(gong)(gong)表(biao)(biao)演(yan)。此外,如(ru)(ru)小生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“麻雀步(bu)”;旦(dan)腳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“寸步(bu)”、“跌(die)(die)步(bu)”、“三腳”以(yi)及小花(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“踢球”、“飛鑼”、帽功(gong)(gong)、扇功(gong)(gong)等(deng),均有(you)獨(du)(du)到之處(chu)。由于(yu)甌劇(ju)(ju)(ju)長(chang)期活動于(yu)農村,表(biao)(biao)演(yan)具(ju)有(you)樸素,明(ming)快(kuai)和粗獷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格。甌劇(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)戲(xi)(xi),更具(ju)獨(du)(du)特風(feng)格,吸收民間拳(quan)術而(er)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“打(da)短手(shou)”、“手(shou)面跟頭(tou)”,演(yan)員赤手(shou)空拳(quan),互相搏(bo)斗,時(shi)翻時(shi)跌(die)(die),動作緊湊。“打(da)臺面”中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“上高”、“脫圈”、“銜蛋(dan)”等(deng)技巧,亦頗驚險。其它(ta)如(ru)(ru)三節棍(gun)(gun)、梅花(hua)棍(gun)(gun)、對于(yu)連環(即“藤牌(pai)陳”)等(deng)武(wu)技,均頗有(you)特色。其他表(biao)(biao)演(yan)特技如(ru)(ru)《神州(zhou)擂(lei)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箭(jian)(jian),《火焰山(shan)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扇,《北湖州(zhou)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叉,《打(da)店(dian)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枷(jia),以(yi)及小生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“麻雀步(bu)”、旦(dan)腳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“寸步(bu)”、“跌(die)(die)步(bu)”、“三腳步(bu)”,青衣(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“背(bei)尸”等(deng),都具(ju)特色。
甌劇在清光緒(xu)以前,只(zhi)有(you)“上四腳(jiao) ”(生(sheng)(sheng)、旦、凈、丑)和“下四腳(jiao)”(外、貼(tie)、副、末)八個(ge)腳(jiao)色(se);清光緒(xu)以后,隨著(zhu)劇目發展的需(xu)要,行(xing)當(dang)越分越細,發展為(wei)三堂(tang)(tang)(tang)十(shi)六腳(jiao),即白臉(lian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang):小(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)、正生(sheng)(sheng)、老外、武(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)、四白臉(lian);旦堂(tang)(tang)(tang):當(dang)學旦、正旦、花(hua)旦、老旦、三手旦、拜堂(tang)(tang)(tang)旦(小(xiao)(xiao)旦);花(hua)臉(lian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang):大花(hua)、二花(hua)、四花(hua)、小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)、武(wu)大花(hua)。
初時甌劇角色(se)(se)以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)主,稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),扮(ban)演(yan)中(zhong)、青年(nian)男(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)。外(wai)(老(lao)(lao)(lao)外(wai)),系(xi)“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)外(wai)之(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”,專扮(ban)演(yan)老(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)男(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi);末為(wei)(wei)“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)末”,扮(ban)演(yan)中(zhong)、老(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)男(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)配角;小生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)原(yuan)只扮(ban)演(yan)青年(nian)男(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)配角,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)(xing)一(yi)般俊(jun)扮(ban)不(bu)涂花(hua)臉,故又稱(cheng)(cheng)“白面堂(tang)(tang)”,但也有少數開(kai)花(hua)臉的(de)(de)戲(xi)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)(xing)早期尚有小外(wai)、小末等(deng)腳色(se)(se),亦即后(hou)來(lai)的(de)(de)“四白臉”,是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)扮(ban)演(yan)次(ci)(ci)而(er)又次(ci)(ci)角色(se)(se)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。清中(zhong)葉(xie)以(yi)后(hou),亂彈(dan)、皮簧勃興,描寫男(nan)(nan)女(nv)愛(ai)情婚(hun)姻(yin)的(de)(de)戲(xi)增多,小生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)由(you)次(ci)(ci)要變(bian)為(wei)(wei)主要,正(zheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)老(lao)(lao)(lao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)專稱(cheng)(cheng)。自(zi)此(ci),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)(xing)基本(ben)(ben)上形成(cheng)小生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、老(lao)(lao)(lao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、老(lao)(lao)(lao)外(wai)、副(fu)末四行(xing)(xing)當的(de)(de)格(ge)局。但仍(reng)無文武之(zhi)分,要求演(yan)員(yuan)文武不(bu)擋,做打(da)皆精。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)唱(chang)法(fa),老(lao)(lao)(lao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用“堂(tang)(tang)喉”(本(ben)(ben)嗓(sang)),講究(jiu)嗓(sang)音(yin)(yin)渾奪(duo)取明(ming)亮,吐字清楚,噴口有力(li),有的(de)(de)則用“小堂(tang)(tang)喉”(高(gao)音(yin)(yin)區運用假(jia)嗓(sang)),有的(de)(de)腔句往(wang)往(wang)翻高(gao)八度演(yan)唱(chang)(如〔撥子(zi)(zi)〕翻高(gao),稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“撥子(zi)(zi)高(gao)唱(chang)”),聽來(lai)飄(piao)逸洪亮,別具一(yi)格(ge)。老(lao)(lao)(lao)外(wai)均用堂(tang)(tang)喉,講究(jiu)嗓(sang)音(yin)(yin)蒼勁渾厚,以(yi)聲如洪鐘(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)佳。副(fu)末亦同。小生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)原(yuan)用“雌雄喉”(真假(jia)嗓(sang)并用,轉折明(ming)顯),演(yan)唱(chang)中(zhong)能結(jie)合和諧者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)甚少,自(zi)有女(nv)小生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou),真假(jia)嗓(sang)運用始自(zi)然(ran)優美。
甌劇很早就形成大(da)(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(凈(jing))、二(er)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(副)、三花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(即小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),丑)、四(si)(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)等四(si)(si)色花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)格局,后期(qi)由于角色增多,開始增添(tian)一(yi)些花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)腳色,如(ru) “武(wu)大(da)(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”等。大(da)(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)所(suo)扮(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)的(de)角色較多,有(you)(you)忠(zhong)有(you)(you)奸(jian),有(you)(you)正有(you)(you)反,上至(zhi)帝王權貴(gui),下至(zhi)乞兒龜奴,幾乎無(wu)其不(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)。若以其所(suo)抹(mo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)區分,計有(you)(you)紅(hong)、黑(hei)、白、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)四(si)(si)類。紅(hong)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)多為英勇忠(zhong)義之(zhi)士(shi),黑(hei)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)多為憨直剛毅(yi)之(zhi)人(ren),白臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)多為奸(jian)刁卑俗之(zhi)徒,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(雜色臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian))多為兇殘邪惡(e)之(zhi)輩。二(er)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)介于凈(jing)、丑之(zhi)間,亦(yi)(yi)凈(jing)亦(yi)(yi)丑,亦(yi)(yi)文亦(yi)(yi)武(wu),二(er)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(副)擅飾憨厚蠢笨的(de)角色。小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(丑),舊俗在戲(xi)班中(zhong)地(di)位(wei)最高,能代表老郎(lang)(戲(xi)神)在班中(zhong)執法(fa)。其扮(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)的(de)角色,忠(zhong)奸(jian)善惡(e),男女老少(shao),且(qie)文武(wu)不(bu)(bu)擋,無(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)包。小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)亦(yi)(yi)兼演(yan)彩旦,如(ru)《碧桃花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》中(zhong)的(de)牢婆,《牡丹(dan)記》中(zhong)的(de)皮氏等。四(si)(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),為花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)行(xing)的(de)次要(yao)(yao)腳色,如(ru)《水(shui)擒龐(pang)德》中(zhong),大(da)(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)飾關羽,二(er)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)飾周倉,四(si)(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則(ze)飾龐(pang)德;《碧桃花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)飾牢婆,四(si)(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則(ze)飾配角牢頭。四(si)(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)在較多戲(xi)中(zhong)則(ze)扮(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)奴仆、家將(jiang)、皂吏、報子(zi)之(zhi)類。大(da)(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)唱念均用大(da)(da)嗓,不(bu)(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)求聲音洪亮,而且(qie)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)翻滾之(zhi)聲,因聲如(ru)滾雷隆隆和(he)巨(ju)浪翻騰,稱為“滾喉”,亦(yi)(yi)稱“水(shui)底翻”。小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)用“堂喉”(真嗓),但說白常用“子(zi)喉”(假嗓)與“堂喉”結(jie)合,有(you)(you)時突然翻高八度,以增強(qiang)風趣詼(hui)諧的(de)效果。二(er)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)用嗓近于大(da)(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),四(si)(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則(ze)與小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)近。
早時只有(you)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(正旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan))、貼(tie)(亦稱(cheng)作(zuo)(zuo)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan))、夫(老旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan))和(he)小(xiao)(xiao)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)四色(se)(se),正旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)與正生相配為(wei)(wei)(wei)男女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)主(zhu)角(jiao)(jiao)。清(qing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)葉后,正旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)地位為(wei)(wei)(wei)花(hua)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)所(suo)代替(ti),與小(xiao)(xiao)生相配,成為(wei)(wei)(wei)男女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)主(zhu)角(jiao)(jiao),正旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)則(ze)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)飾中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)婦女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)的(de)(de)配角(jiao)(jiao)。后因(yin)武(wu)(wu)戲增多(duo),又添“武(wu)(wu)小(xiao)(xiao)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”一色(se)(se)。清(qing)末(mo)以后,旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)戲增加,各劇(ju)種(zhong)又都(dou)增添了“三手旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”(或稱(cheng)“三梁(liang)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”)一色(se)(se);使旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)行多(duo)至七個腳色(se)(se)。花(hua)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)專(zhuan)演(yan)(yan)年(nian)青(qing)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)子,唱(chang)做俱重,文(wen)武(wu)(wu)兼能。因(yin)其(qi)在許多(duo)戲中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)挑(tiao)大梁(liang);因(yin)而(er)有(you)人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“大梁(liang)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”、“當家(jia)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”。貼(tie)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)亦稱(cheng)作(zuo)(zuo)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan),亦扮演(yan)(yan)年(nian)青(qing)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)子,常(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)花(hua)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)配角(jiao)(jiao),故有(you)人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“二梁(liang)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”。但貼(tie)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)專(zhuan)工唱(chang),花(hua)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)更重做,故貼(tie)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)仍有(you)其(qi)所(suo)長和(he)特色(se)(se)。如《西廂記》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)花(hua)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)飾紅(hong)娘,貼(tie)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)則(ze)飾崔(cui)鶯鶯。正旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)主(zhu)要演(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)婦女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),還常(chang)兼演(yan)(yan)次要小(xiao)(xiao)生,武(wu)(wu)小(xiao)(xiao)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)專(zhuan)演(yan)(yan)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)腳武(wu)(wu)打戲,如《打店》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)孫二娘,《白蛇傳》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)等。老旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)專(zhuan)演(yan)(yan)老年(nian)婦人(ren)(ren),有(you)時兼演(yan)(yan)其(qi)它角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)(se)。三梁(liang)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(三手旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan))為(wei)(wei)(wei)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)腳中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)次而(er)又次者(zhe),常(chang)演(yan)(yan)一些(xie)丫鬟、宮女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)等角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)(se)。小(xiao)(xiao)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)因(yin)每(mei)戲結尾大團圓時,常(chang)頭披(pi)紅(hong)巾(jin)充新娘拜堂,故又稱(cheng)“拜堂旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”,多(duo)由學徒擔任。
甌劇(ju)臉譜(pu),既雷同于兄弟劇(ju)種(zhong),又有別于他者,是(shi)同中(zhong)有異(yi)。其(qi)臉譜(pu)譜(pu)式,名目繁多,名稱各異(yi),在(zai)甌劇(ju)中(zhong),大體上是(shi): [3]
三(san)(san)塊(kuai)(kuai)瓦臉( 北(bei)方稱“三(san)(san)塊(kuai)(kuai)窩”):基本特征(zheng)是(shi)將(jiang)臉較明顯分(fen)為三(san)(san)“塊(kuai)(kuai)”故名。金臉:多為神佛,如:如來(lai)佛、雷公等。
花臉:如張飛、牛(niu)皋(gao)、司馬(ma)師等;甌劇(ju)中還有個(ge)巾幗英雄畫花臉,即《四國齊》中的鐘離春(chun)。
歪(wai)臉:如(ru)鄭子明(因狩獵被熊(xiong)所傷傷,臉留(liu)爪痕(hen))。
陰陽臉:如(ru)《鳳臺關》中的胡福,譜式(shi)為半邊青(qing)半邊白,連髯口也黑白各半,陰陽分明。
動(dong)物臉:如孫悟(wu)空、金錢豹、婁阿鼠以及(ji)《鐵桶城》中臉畫青(qing)蛙的黃(huang)模等(deng)。
碎花臉:其(qi)特點為勾圖繁碎而(er)復雜,如(ru)《馬武(wu)(wu)奪魁(kui)》中的馬武(wu)(wu)等。
文(wen)字(zi)臉(lian):特點是(shi)在額上畫出(chu)鮮明文(wen)字(zi),如(ru)《盜(dao)金(jin)鈴》中的(de)(de)竇(dou)一虎,文(wen)字(zi)臉(lian):特點是(shi)在額上畫出(chu)鮮明文(wen)字(zi),如(ru)《盜(dao)金(jin)鈴》中的(de)(de)竇(dou)一虎,額頭(tou)畫一草體“虎”字(zi);《雙救(jiu)駕》中的(de)(de)吳漢,于(yu)額頭(tou)畫一正(zheng)楷“孝”字(zi)。
附(加)件(jian)臉(lian): 從儺舞面(mian)具的衍化(hua)脫變或改良(liang),除勾畫外,并局部借(jie)助于額頭、鼻子或下顎等(deng)處的附加部件(jian),以改變和突顯某些(xie)局部部位。
豆腐塊臉(lian) (俗稱“白(bai)鼻頭(tou)”):多用于小花(hua)臉(lian)(丑)行之正(zheng)、反面人(ren)物(wu)。
臉譜(pu)譜(pu)式豐(feng)富多樣、用色變化(hua)絢(xuan)麗、手(shou)法巧(qiao)妙,堪稱(cheng)中國戲曲藝術(shu)一絕。而所有這些臉譜(pu),都必須與髯口、盔甲、服裝、鞋(xie)靴乃至道具(ju)等綜合配“套”,才形成完美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)藝術(shu)統一體;同時,又往往于特定人物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)特定人物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)特定時間、特定事件,以及(ji)身份、年齡和地位的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)分不開,并伴隨(sui)著(zhu)變化(hua)而變化(hua)著(zhu)。臉譜(pu)具(ju)有傳神、夸張、寓意、裝飾(shi)和褒貶(bian)、懲(cheng)惡揚善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能。
粉白臉 (白臉的別稱):如曹操、張邦昌、嚴(yan)嵩等權(quan)貴佞臣。
紅臉:多為正面人物、忠(zhong)臣良(liang)賢,如關云長、趙匡胤等。
黑臉:忠臣(chen)賢相(xiang)等正面人物,如包拯。
女,1931年2月生,溫(wen)州(zhou)市人(ren)。甌(ou)劇(ju)(ju)老一代著名(ming)表(biao)演藝術(shu)家。出(chu)生于梨園世家。12歲因生活所迫開始學藝,解放前先后(hou)在(zai)“新鳳玉”亂彈班(ban)習藝,其后(hou)又(you)入“大高星”、“勝(sheng)福連”、“新陽春”、“新紅玉”等(deng)班(ban)社從藝。解放后(hou),參加溫(wen)州(zhou)勝(sheng)利(li)亂彈劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan),1959年更名(ming)為溫(wen)州(zhou)甌(ou)劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan),并(bing)作為劇(ju)(ju)種名(ming)稱行于世。她長期擔任(ren)甌(ou)劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)長,退休后(hou)仍為甌(ou)劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)顧(gu)問。她是:中國(guo)戲劇(ju)(ju)家協會會員(yuan)、浙江劇(ju)(ju)協二(er)、三屆(jie)理事、浙江三屆(jie)人(ren)大代表(biao)、省(sheng)六屆(jie)政協委員(yuan)、省(sheng)二(er)屆(jie)文(wen)(wen)聯(lian)委員(yuan)、全國(guo)第三次(ci)文(wen)(wen)代會代表(biao)、溫(wen)州(zhou)市二(er)屆(jie)文(wen)(wen)聯(lian)委員(yuan)、市二(er)屆(jie)劇(ju)(ju)協副主席(xi),后(hou)為顧(gu)問。
數十年(nian)舞臺(tai)(tai)生涯,她(ta)(ta)先后(hou)主演了《佛(fo)靈寺》、《販馬記》、《蝴蝶杯》、《昆山縣令》、《玉(yu)(yu)簪記》、《碧(bi)玉(yu)(yu)簪》、《鐘(zhong)離娘娘》、《高機與吳(wu)(wu)三春(chun)》及現代戲《紅梅贊》(《江(jiang)姐(jie)》)、《洪湖赤衛隊》、《送肥(fei)記》等數以(yi)百計的古今婦女舞臺(tai)(tai)藝術形象,最(zui)為膾(kuai)炙(zhi)人口的《高機與吳(wu)(wu)三春(chun)》,被譽為浙(zhe)南溫(wen)州的“梁山伯(bo)與祝英臺(tai)(tai)”。1954年(nian),以(yi)《賣綃會》一(yi)折獲(huo)華東(dong)地(di)區表(biao)(biao)演三等獎,她(ta)(ta)先后(hou)多次獲(huo)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省、溫(wen)州地(di)、市表(biao)(biao)演一(yi)等獎。其表(biao)(biao)演風范、演唱行腔(qiang),形成特有(you)的柔(rou)美與韻味。
作為(wei)甌劇(ju)老一代表演女旦角(jiao)(過去是男旦)藝術(shu)家,先后為(wei)甌劇(ju)培養的(de)學生有一級演員翁墨(mo)珊,二級演員謝菲菲、馮彩秋及洪(hong)永娟等藝術(shu)(旦角(jiao))表演骨干(gan),對于甌劇(ju)的(de)傳承至關重要。
作為團(tuan)長和(he)繼王蘭香之后的(de)(de)(de)甌劇女(nv)性旦角演(yan)(yan)員(yuan),她深惑甌劇中(zhong)亂(luan)彈(dan)腔唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao),那歷來(lai)男女(nv)演(yan)(yan)員(yuan)同(tong)工同(tong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)舊習非改不可;因此(ci)她數十年如一日地積極支持和(he)配合甌劇第一代表作曲家李子敏先生對(dui)音樂進行(xing)改革(ge),經長期實踐(jian),解決即確立甌劇亂(luan)彈(dan)腔唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao),在統一定調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(尺字調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao))基礎上正,反亂(luan)彈(dan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)交替(ti)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),從而確立了(le)男女(nv)工唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)問題,以及(慢(man)垛(duo)板(ban))、(緊垛(duo)板(ban))、(女(nv)工垛(duo)板(ban))等新板(ban)式(shi)新腔句的(de)(de)(de)創作、試(shi)演(yan)(yan)(唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang))的(de)(de)(de)確立,都與舉(ju)足輕重的(de)(de)(de)陳茶花(hua)為首(shou)的(de)(de)(de)率廣大演(yan)(yan)藝(yi)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)合作、支持密(mi)不可分。隨著時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)推移,將愈加(jia)顯示其(qi)歷史價值和(he)意義(yi)。
1942年1月生(sheng),溫州市(shi)區人(ren)。國家一級演(yan)員。曾任甌(ou)劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)副團(tuan)長,藝術(shu)指導,是中國戲(xi)劇(ju)(ju)家協(xie)(xie)會會員、浙江省(sheng)政協(xie)(xie)委員。曾兼任浙江省(sheng)劇(ju)(ju)協(xie)(xie)常務理事、溫州市(shi)劇(ju)(ju)協(xie)(xie)副主席。出身于梨(li)園世家的孫來來,1954年入“勝(sheng)利亂彈”劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)(甌(ou)劇(ju)(ju)前身)習藝,攻武(wu)生(sheng)行。
1960年(nian)在(zai)杭(hang)州(zhou)演(yan)出時,受(shou)藝(yi)術大師蓋叫天賞識并收為(wei)藝(yi)徒(tu)。四十多年(nian)來,主演(yan)的戲(xi)主要(yao)有(you):《武(wu)松》中武(wu)松,《打店》、《獅(shi)子樓(lou)(lou)》、《蜈(wu)蚣嶺(ling)》中武(wu)松,《酒樓(lou)(lou)殺(sha)場》石秀,《北湖州(zhou)》鐵(tie)木爾,《殺(sha)金賣拳》韓生,《蝴蝶杯》田玉(yu)川(chuan),《碧珠蛟龍扇》高(gao)(gao)清偉(wei),《貂蟬(chan)》呂布(bu),《三打陶三春》高(gao)(gao)懷(huai)德,《沙(sha)家浜》部(bu)建光,《智(zhi)取威(wei)山》楊子榮,《紅(hong)梅(mei)贊(zan)》(《江姐(jie)》)甫志高(gao)(gao),《英姑(gu)》盧(lu)根(gen)源,《東(dong)海小哨兵》張(zhang)排長等(deng),古今人物(wu)形(xing)象,在(zai)城(cheng)鄉中廣有(you)影響。
1989年(nian)獲浙江中(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)演(yan)(yan)員(yuan)大獎(jiang)(jiang)賽最佳獎(jiang)(jiang),1992年(nian)獲全國“天下(xia)第(di)一(yi)團(tuan)”劇(ju)目展(zhan)演(yan)(yan)優秀表演(yan)(yan)獎(jiang)(jiang),1995年(nian)攜《酒(jiu)(jiu)樓場(chang)》(飾石秀)隨藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)團(tuan)赴(fu)(fu)西班牙、荷蘭、比利時等(deng)國演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu),獲盛譽(yu);同年(nian),以(yi)《獨(du)木關》中(zhong)(zhong)薛仁貴,獲浙江省(sheng)優秀演(yan)(yan)員(yuan)獎(jiang)(jiang)、省(sheng)文化廳藝(yi)委會“金藝(yi)獎(jiang)(jiang)”,1997年(nian)以(yi)《酒(jiu)(jiu)樓殺(sha)場(chang)》獲國家文化部文華表演(yan)(yan)獎(jiang)(jiang),2002年(nian)5月,應臺灣邀請赴(fu)(fu)臺巡回(hui)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu),獲得臺灣專家觀眾的普(pu)遍贊(zan)揚。以(yi)及(ji)溫州市(shi)金鹿獎(jiang)(jiang)、百(bai)花(hua)獎(jiang)(jiang)等(deng)省(sheng)市(shi)高獎(jiang)(jiang)。為溫州市(shi)第(di)二(er)輪專業技術(shu)(shu)拔尖人(ren)才,享受政府特殊津(jin)貼。事跡編入《中(zhong)(zhong)國當代(dai)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)界名人(ren)錄(lu)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)國文藝(yi)家傳(chuan)集》等(deng)書。
男,溫州市甌劇團當家小生,優秀青年演員,出生于1977年4月8日,籍貫平陽(yang)縣敖江鎮(zhen)。
1997年以(yi)優異成績畢業分配到溫州市甌劇團(tuan),是團(tuan)里的主要演員之一。
2001年因(yin)業績顯著,被(bei)破格(ge)評為國家三(san)級演員。
2001年(nian) 獲市文聯評為"希望之星"稱號(hao);市首屆藝術節(jie)在《仇大姑娘》中(zhong)扮演男(nan)主角榮獲一等獎,該劇(ju)已被中(zhong)央(yang)臺戲(xi)曲頻道列(lie)為拍攝計劃(hua)向全國(guo)播放。
2002年被任命為(wei)溫(wen)州市甌劇團副團長職務(wu)。
2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)作為全國地方劇種的(de)代表(biao)人(ren)物(wu)參(can)加中央電視臺戲曲頻道《名段(duan)欣賞》開播10周年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)拍攝(she)錄制,演(yan)(yan)出《殺狗(gou)記(ji)》片段(duan)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲(huo)得溫州(zhou)第2屆青年(nian)(nian)(nian)演(yan)(yan)員大賽(sai)金獎第一名。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)主(zhu)演(yan)(yan)《殺狗(gou)記(ji)》參(can)加全國地方戲匯演(yan)(yan)榮(rong)(rong)獲(huo)劇目銅獎。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)在溫州(zhou)市第2屆藝術(shu)節(jie)上主(zhu)演(yan)(yan)《洗心(xin)記(ji)》榮(rong)(rong)獲(huo)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)一等獎。
2012年 榮獲(huo)浙江(jiang)省首屆戲(xi)劇表演“金(jin)桂獎”。
2013年5月榮(rong)獲(huo)第26屆中(zhong)國(guo)戲劇(ju)梅(mei)花獎。