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藝術特征

常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)是(shi)集雕刻、彩(cai)繪、燙(tang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、畫面于一(yi)體的(de)(de)藝術(shu)品(pin)。同時，它(ta)又是(shi)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)保健(jian)功(gong)能的(de)(de)生(sheng)活實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)品(pin)。常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篦(bi)(bi)原料主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)毛竹(zhu)、牛骨和生(sheng)漆等，毛竹(zhu)要(yao)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)長(chang)四年以(yi)上的(de)(de)“陰山竹(zhu)”，即背(bei)著(zhu)陽(yang)光的(de)(de)一(yi)面山上長(chang)出的(de)(de)竹(zhu)子。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作木(mu)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)材料則(ze)以(yi)黃(huang)楊(yang)、棗木(mu)、石楠為主(zhu)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作黃(huang)楊(yang)精(jing)(jing)品(pin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，須(xu)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)300年以(yi)上樹齡的(de)(de)黃(huang)楊(yang)木(mu)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作名貴木(mu)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，則(ze)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)象牙、檀香木(mu)、牛角(jiao)(jiao)、羊角(jiao)(jiao)作原料。常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作過程(cheng)極為復雜(za)。篦(bi)(bi)箕制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作有(you)(you)(you)72道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序，木(mu)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作有(you)(you)(you)28道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篦(bi)(bi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)刀、鍘刀、拗(ao)刀、線管(guan)筒(tong)、絞漆架、化漆缽、膠板、膠棒(bang)、通齒齊(qi)口(kou)、齊(qi)板、剪刀、板銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、馬形(xing)(xing)銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、棕刷、斬刀、鋸(ju)凳、大(da)碰、小碰、鋼銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、鋸(ju)樁、直碰板、齊(qi)碰板、圓(yuan)碰板、槽口(kou)碰板等30多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)特制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夾(jia)具(ju)、刨(bao)具(ju)、撞具(ju)、三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)馬、剔齒、插根(gen)、竹(zhu)刷、方(fang)根(gen)、長(chang)鋸(ju)、括刀、兩頭銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、馬形(xing)(xing)銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、榔頭、銅刀、側板鋸(ju)、蟹(xie)殼刨(bao)、斧(fu)子、小三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、鉤刀、扦刀等30多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。后道工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝所用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)及(ji)材料有(you)(you)(you)狼毫筆(bi)、油畫筆(bi)、特制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)筆(bi)及(ji)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)顏(yan)料。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作精(jing)(jing)品(pin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和精(jing)(jing)品(pin)篦(bi)(bi)箕，須(xu)在梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)背(bei)和篦(bi)(bi)梁上進(jin)行五種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)細(xi)作。這五種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝是(shi)：雕花(hua)、描花(hua)、刻花(hua)、燙(tang)花(hua)、嵌(qian)花(hua)。常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)共有(you)(you)(you)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝觀賞梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)、相(xiang)拼梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)與實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)重合三(san)大(da)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)600多(duo)個品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。常(chang)(chang)州(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)富有(you)(you)(you)中國特色和藝術(shu)韻味(wei)。

傳承譜系

常(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)在千年(nian)傳(chuan)承(cheng)中(zhong)形成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)散(san)而(er)眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)(de)行業(ye)傳(chuan)承(cheng)體系。在常(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)近代的(de)(de)發展(zhan)中(zhong)，以(yi)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)恒順、老(lao)王(wang)(wang)大(da)昌(chang)、王(wang)(wang)大(da)昌(chang)、汪(wang)義大(da)四家(jia)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)坊店(dian)最負盛名，其中(zhong)尤以(yi)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)恒順制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)(de)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)美譽度最高(gao)。卜(bu)(bu)(bu)恒順梳(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)店(dian)開設于明代天啟年(nian)間（1622），世代相傳(chuan)，傳(chuan)至(zhi)(zhi)1953年(nian)有(you)八代之久，300余年(nian)歷史，但卜(bu)(bu)(bu)家(jia)技(ji)藝(yi)傳(chuan)承(cheng)現已斷代；老(lao)王(wang)(wang)大(da)昌(chang)、王(wang)(wang)大(da)昌(chang)、汪(wang)義大(da)三(san)(san)家(jia)祖傳(chuan)技(ji)藝(yi)亦已失傳(chuan)。新中(zhong)國成(cheng)(cheng)立后，常(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)城鄉有(you)1200多(duo)戶上萬名人(ren)員從(cong)事(shi)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)業(ye)制(zhi)作(zuo)。常(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)廠的(de)(de)傳(chuan)承(cheng)方式主要是(shi)師(shi)(shi)徒傳(chuan)承(cheng)。常(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)制(zhi)作(zuo)藝(yi)術含量較高(gao)的(de)(de)是(shi)“雕花、描(miao)花、刻花、燙花、嵌花”五種工藝(yi)，一人(ren)如要掌握其中(zhong)的(de)(de)二至(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)門(men)技(ji)藝(yi)，需有(you)多(duo)個師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)傳(chuan)授。常(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)承(cheng)人(ren)有(you)金松群(qun)、湯庚和、鄭留聲、戚正康、孫玉秀、李文(wen)華、邢(xing)糧等。常(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)篦(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)當(dang)今代表性(xing)人(ren)物是(shi)被文(wen)化部命名為第三(san)(san)批國家(jia)級非物質文(wen)化遺產項目代表性(xing)傳(chuan)承(cheng)人(ren)的(de)(de)金松群(qun)。

主要價值

常(chang)(chang)(chang)州(zhou)梳(shu)篦(bi)在生(sheng)成(cheng)和(he)(he)發展(zhan)的(de)過程中，產生(sheng)和(he)(he)形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)一系(xi)列與此相關的(de)常(chang)(chang)(chang)州(zhou)名景、名街、名店，還(huan)衍生(sheng)出了(le)豐(feng)富多(duo)彩的(de)民俗事象(xiang)(xiang)和(he)(he)復雜(za)精(jing)湛(zhan)的(de)手繪(hui)(hui)工藝，這些民俗事象(xiang)(xiang)和(he)(he)手繪(hui)(hui)工藝，已成(cheng)為我們今天(tian)研究古(gu)代(dai)、近代(dai)江南(nan)風(feng)情(qing)和(he)(he)社會時尚演化變遷不(bu)可多(duo)得的(de)“活化石”。常(chang)(chang)(chang)州(zhou)精(jing)品篦(bi)箕古(gu)樸典(dian)雅，美觀精(jing)致，賞心悅(yue)目，生(sheng)動體現了(le)江南(nan)人(ren)所特有(you)的(de)精(jing)神(shen)氣質和(he)(he)藝術智慧(hui)，具有(you)較高的(de)審(shen)美品位和(he)(he)審(shen)美價值(zhi)。當今，常(chang)(chang)(chang)州(zhou)梳(shu)篦(bi)不(bu)僅風(feng)靡東南(nan)亞，而且深(shen)受歐(ou)美國家及港(gang)澳地區民眾的(de)喜愛，在文化交流方(fang)面(mian)起著重(zhong)要作(zuo)用。